A. The introduction of predators.B. Preventing the kiwi decline.C. Reasons for concern.D. Explanation for larger bird populations.E. Land of the kiwi. Kiwis are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, and by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any species of bird in the world. 【R1】______ The kiwi is synonymous with New Zealand, so much so that Australians endearingly refer to New Zealanders as "kiwi" —people from the Land of the Kiwi. This unique bird, recognizable by its short squat body and elongated beak, is under threat. Its small, claw-like wings render the kiwi flightless; it must of necessity live on the ground. The kiwi is thus easy prey to marauding enemies such as humans and mammals. 【R2】______ When the great land mass of the south split 75 million years ago, the kiwi and many other ground-living bird species became separated from predatory mammals within what was later to become know as New Zealand. The birds were able to multiply and flourish because there were very few mammals landlocked within the islands. Kiwis have evolved certain mammalian characteristics over time, living on the ground and free as they were from attack by mammals. 【R3】______ However, when the Polynesians arrived about 1,000 years ago bringing with them dogs and rats, the kiwi population and other vulnerable bird species soon suffered a severe reduction in numbers. The coming of the Europeans in the eighteenth century brought even more determined predators, including the cat and, especially, the stoat—a kind of weasel introduced to control rabbits. The stoat is a very vicious and efficient killer of kiwis. 【R4】______ There are six types of kiwis, and all six are threatened. Two are "critically endangered" because they have populations of less than 250 mature birds. Two are "endangered" meaning that it is estimated that within three generations their numbers will have declined by 50%. The other two are designated "vulnerable" —one because its habitat is shrinking, the other because it is potentially under threat from stoats and other mammals. 【R5】______ 100 years ago there were more than 5 million North Island Brown Kiwis. Today, there are probably around 30,000 and the population is decreasing at a rate of 6% a year. Only the Little Spotted Kiwi is increasing because of successful attempts to transfer the creature to predator-free offshore islands. There are further reasons for hope. Trapping predators and rearing baby chicks for later release into the wild can have a dramatic effect on kiwi numbers; but it will be necessary to do so on a large scale. It would be tragic if New Zealand were to lose its national symbol, the kiwi. Surely the strangest bird in existence, unable to fly, it sniffs out its food with a remarkably strong sense of smell. Its legs are powerful and muscular, for the kiwi is a burrower living in dens—some species even preferring tunnels, yet another similarity it shares with some mammals. But it cannot share its habitat with them without eventually losing the battle for survival.

{{B}}Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

When you are tired, run down, on not eating properly, you are more vulnerable to infection.

{{B}}ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

{{B}}Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D,taken from the interview.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

Researchers have found that short, intense exercise sessions prove to be healthier than longer, more moderate sessions with an equal caloric burn. The study found that activities like running and jumping reduced participants' risk of developing metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征) by two-thirds, compared with moderate activities like walking and leisurely bike rides that burned an equal number of calories. Metabolic syndrome is a set of health conditions that significantly increase your risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). Insulin (胰岛素) resistance and extra weight around the middle—that dreaded "belly fat" —are two major health conditions associated with the syndrome. The researchers used data collected from 1,841 American adults. It is suggested that vigorous physical activity should be emphasized in public health guidelines for exercise. Currently, the non-profit organization Society for Exercise Physiology recommends 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week for adults aged 18 -64. Avoiding metabolic syndrome isn't the only reason to change your exercise routine. One study found that gym goers who totaled 150 minutes of vigorous activity a week looked about 10 years younger than those who skip the gym altogether, while another study found that physical activity can cut the risk of breast cancer by up to 30 percent in older women at a healthy body weight. Also in recent years, studies have determined that three minutes of intense exercise, three times a week, could be the equivalent to five one-hour sessions, reducing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.Comment 1: Exercising is very personal. Nobody can say which one suits you except yourself. I have been walking for 45-50 minutes every day for the past 10 years, and it's fine with me now. I think walking is the best way to keep me healthy.Comment 2: Exercise is just like anything. Don't overdo it but also don't just use it as an excuse to say you are working out. It needs to be in a good range to give you a good sweat but don't destroy yourself as well. The bottom line is to get out and exercise. It might not make you live longer but it definitely will make you healthier.Comment 3: Any exercise is good, short or long, fast or slow, especially the exercise in the fresh air.Comment 4: I've always done 15-20 minutes but I don't take breaks. I move from one machine to the next, after my first round, I grab some water and then do a second round and then I'm finished.

别人吸烟，你吸入，确实会对你的肺有危害。据美国“肺协”估计，每年约有3 000名死于肺癌的人是被动吸烟者。有一项调查发现，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。

A new technological process may be employed to tap this abundant supply directly.

How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and dull.

A. It shows us a vivid picture of a flourishing natureB. I have the disc of itC. I like the style very muchA: Would you please introduce the classical Chinese music to me?B: Certainly. Which piece of music have you heard?A: I have heard the "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai".【D4】______ .B: Oh, it is a violin concerto which tells a tragic love story.A: Tragic? Is Chinese music all tragic?B: Of course not. Have you heard the "Birds Admiring the Phoenix"?A: No. I haven't. What's that?B:【D5】______ .A: Well. I really want to listen to it. Can you show it to me?B: No problem.【D6】______ .

His failure to pay his debts________their opinion that he was not to be trusted.

{{B}}WritingDirections: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic. You could follow the clues suggested by the picture given below. Remember to write the composition clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

He told us that the lease would terminate in May, and he had to find a new house.

A. Xiamen is a rapidly growing modern city with a vigorous economyB. Min cuisine is one of the eight most famous cuisines of ChinaC. Elephant Trunk Peak is so named for its distinctive shapeD. Xiamen is one of the cleanest and most beautiful seaport cities in ChinaA: It's a great honor to have you visit Xiamen.B: Thank you and I find【D7】______ .A: Yes. Xiamen has always been an important trading port since the Opium War.B: It is said that Xiamen is a "window city" for China's opening to the outside world.A: It is also one of the municipalities designated under separate state plan and enjoying provincial level of power in economic management.B: Today,【D8】______ .A: That's true! Over the past 10 years, Xiamen has increasingly focused on the cultivation of international trade, education and tourism.B: I've heard that Xiamen Island is also known as Egret Island.A: That's because it is shaped like a white egret.B: Are there any sightseeing spots on Xiamen Island?A: Of course, there are a lot. Ten Thousand Stone Mountain boasts because of many oddly shaped rocks and stones.【D9】______ . There is a botanical garden on the Ten Thousand Stone Mountain, with three or four thousand tropical and subtropical plants. The small gardens are dotted with pavilions and platforms. At the foot of the Five-Elder Peak stands the Nanputuo Temple, the most famous Buddhist Temple in Fujian Province. Behind the temple stands a screen of five peaks colored by green trees and bamboos. They are called "Five Old Gentlemen Reaching the Clouds" and are the one of the eight grand sights of Xiamen. Coming to the top, you not only have a view of the mountain undulating in the wind, but also the view of the sea surging in the distance.B: Is Xiamen also famous for its delicious food?A: Yes! Xiamen abounds in sea food all the year round. Fruits are available in all four seasons.【D10】______ . One of the most famous and traditional dish of Xiamen food is Wall-Jump Buddha. It is said that the food is so delicious that even Buddha was tempted by it and humped over a wall to taste it.B: It's interesting! Thank you very much for your introduction!A: That's my pleasure. Welcome to Xiamen and enjoy yourself!

What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you【C1】______thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom【C2】______events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four【C3】______retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been【C4】______by psychologists for this "'childhood amnesia"(儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature【C5】______about the age of two. But the most popular theory【C6】______that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot【C7】______childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or【C8】______—one event follows【C9】______as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental【C10】______for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fits the【C11】______. It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new【C12】______for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply【C13】______any-early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use【C14】______spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly【C15】______impressions of them into long-term memories. In other【C16】______, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about【C17】______. Mother talking about the afternoon【C18】______looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this【C19】______reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form【C20】______memories of their personal experiences.

He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel & Company, on more favorable ________than those Grant Richards had given him.

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C,taken from the dialogue.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

When he first started in university, he really felt at______with his major — economics.

Mr. Dane went through his daughter's essay carefully, to eliminate slang words from it

Scientists say they have found key clues into how long we will live. One of them is a【C1】______handshake. British researchers believe a strong grip is not just a sign of confidence but also an【C2】______of longevity. Lead author Dr. Rachel Cooper, of University College London, said her study looked into 33 different reports on the strength of handshakes. The research【C3】______more than 50, 000 men and women and spanned 40 years. Dr. Cooper concluded that those with weaker handshakes were 70 per cent more likely to die earlier than those with the strongest handshakes. She concludes that people with strong grips may have benefited【C4】______a happy childhood that included a healthy diet and plenty of exercise. The new study,【C5】______in the British Medical Journal, also found other signs of living a longer life. These "measures of physical capability" include walking at a faster【C6】______, getting out of a chair quickly, and being able to balance on one leg. The study showed that slow walkers were almost three times【C7】______to die earlier than those who【C8】______out of their chairs. Dr. Cooper believes there needs to be more【C9】______into the link between physical capability and longevity. " Research that helps people to enjoy a long and healthy life is ever more important to help【C10】______an ageing population," she said.