Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe? Since the late 1940's life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

A. I don't know which one is the best for him.B. I'll take one.C. your son will enjoy playing with it.A: Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?B: Yes, please. I am leaving America soon. I want to buy an American toy for my son as his birthday present, but【D4】______A; How old is your son?B: Four years old.A: This is a "Panda Trucker". It is an electric toy. I think【D5】______B: Show me how it works, please.A: It's very simple. Put two batteries into this box, then turn on the switch, and the panda will drive the truck.B: What an interesting toy it is! 【D6】______I'm sure my son will be delighted. Here's the money.Thank you for your suggestion.A: You are welcome. Wish you a pleasant journey.

A. Thanks for letting me knowB. but could you tell me where the rest rooms are C. but the women's room is out of a few thingsA: Excuse me,【D4】______ ?B: Yes, they're just down the hall.A: Which one is the women's?B: The women's room is the first door on the right and the men's is the first door on the left.A: OK, thanks.A: Sorry to bother you again,【D5】______ .B: Oh?A: The toilets are overflowing and the sink has a leaky faucet.B: Oh, dear. I'll go and have someone fix it straight away.【D6】______ .A: That's OK.B: Do you need anything else?A: No, that's all.

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

【T9】

A. powerfulB. open upC. createdPhrases:A. the big are getting bigger and more 【T1】______B. This phenomenon has 【T2】______serious concernsC. economies that 【T3】______ and welcome foreign investment There's no question that 【T4】______. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in【T5】______. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. 【T6】______over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.

A. Based on the survey report, they will lodge a claim for compensationB. if you have a good command of both written and spoken EnglishC. I worked with the Pacific Surveyor Company as claim officerD. I would suggest them to refer the case to their shipperA: Did you work in a similar position before?B: Yes. I have been with ABC Insurance Company for four years, and before that,【D7】______.A: Could you tell me the usual procedures to handle such a case?B: Yes, on the shipper's side, when the cargos arrives, all relevant documents will be forwarded to the consignee. Among other things, this party has to check carefully the content of the packing list and weight list. When cargos are found to be damaged of short landed, this party has to call for a joint survey by representatives of the shipping company and the insurance agent.【D8】______. A: If you act our representative what would you do to safeguard our interest?B: I think, first of all, I would ask the consignee to produce survey report on loading, if they can't produce that【D9】______. Meanwhile, bad weather could be a good excuse to refuse the responsibility.A: Are you able to operate the telex?B: Yes, I used to dispatch telex to shippers and the consignee to inform them of changes of our schedule and other information.A: Now can you tell me【D10】______.B: When I was at college, I passed Band Six of College English Test. All the foreign business men I've dealt with say my English is quite good.A: If you are selected for this position, you must prepare to travel overseas frequently.B: No problem, I love it. Thank you for granting me the interview.

A. Um... about 1978. I think, when I was eighteen.B. What about you?C. Yeah, I really like that.Steve: Francesea, what's your favourite piece of music, would you say? Francesca: I think it's "Pie Jesu" by Andrew Lloyd Webber.Steve: Really? Francesca: 【D1】______Steve: When did you first hear it? Francesca: Oh, about five years ago my sister was in a choir concert and that was the first time I heard it, and I thought it was really beautiful.【D2】______What's your favorite?Steve: Well, it's a big piece. It's Mahler's second symphony. Francesca: Oh! What, the whole thing?Steve: Oh yeah, yeah! Francesca: When... when did you first hear that?Steve: 【D3】______Francesca: A long time ago.Steve: Yeah. But it stays with me and Fve seen it performed several times since then.

Jan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—one every 16 days—detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nano-technology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers—which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature—the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of presumption and due reward. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers. Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they're more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist's "Impact Factor," a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the "Impact Factor" as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they're considering supporting.

The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that I'm in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1940s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age", Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought."

______the rain, the air quality would not be so good.

The specially developed skin paint will wear off in 2 -4 days, but can be removed instantly with alcohol.

Use of the illegal drug named Ecstasy(MDMA)(一种迷幻药, 俗称摇头丸)has increased alarmingly in Britain over the last few years, and in 1992 the British Medical Journal claimed that at least seven deaths and many severe adverse reactions have followed its use as a dance drug. 14 deaths have so far been attributed to the drug in Britain although it is possible that other drugs contributed to some of those deaths. While it is true that all drugs by their very nature change the way in which the body reacts to its environment and are therefore potentially dangerous, it is still unclear whether casual use of Ecstasy is as dangerous as authorities believe. What is certain is that the drug causes distinct changes to the body which, unless understood, may lead to fatal complications in certain circumstances. In almost all cases of MDMA related deaths in Britain, overheating of the body and inadequate replacement of fluids have been noted as the primary causes of death. Yet in the US, studies appear to implicate other causes. It seems that normal healthy people are unlikely to die as a result of taking MDMA, but people with pre-existing conditions such as a weak heart or asthma may react in extreme ways and are well advised not to take it. Not all physical problems associated with the drug are immediate. Medium term and long term effects have been reported which are quite disturbing, yet not all are conclusively linked to the drug's use. Medium term effects include the possibility of contracting the liver disease hepatitis, or risking damage to the kidneys. However, animal studies show no such damage, although it is readily admitted by researchers that animal studies are far from conclusive since humans react in different ways than rats and monkeys to the drug. Perhaps the most damning evidence urging against the use of Ecstasy is that it is undoubtedly an addictive substance, but one that quickly loses its ability to transport the mind, while it increases its effect upon the body. Yet, unlike the classic addictive drugs, Ecstasy does not produce physical withdrawal symptoms. In fact, because one becomes quickly tolerant of its effect on the rind, it is necessary to give up its use for a while in order to experience again its full effect. Any substance which produces such a strong effect on the user should be treated with appropriate respect and caution.

BSection BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET./B

{{B}}Part Ⅰ Oral Communication{{/B}}

Religious ceremonies A were performed to mark important B stages of life (births, marriages, deaths)and C to ask the spirits for help D or thanking them.

The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries.

A. which B.than C.toPhrases:A.【T7】______carry poisonous substancesB. more 【T8】______2,600 square kilometersC. These nutrients can contribute 【T9】______the breeding of the organisms The term "red tide" applies to the discoloration of water that sometimes occurs in certain areas of the ocean or sea. Although the color is often red, it may also be shades of brown or yellow. The World Book Encyclopedia reports that " the discolored areas may range from less than a few square yards to 【T10】______. " What causes such discoloration? Red tides are generally caused by several species of single-celled organisms. These tiny organisms have hair-like projections which they use to propel themselves in water. There are about 2,000 varieties of these organisms, 30 of 【T11】______. These minute organisms usually stay in warm waters with high content of salt. A red tide occurs when there is a sudden and rapid bloom of these organisms. The concentration of these organisms may swell to 50,000,000 per quart of water! Although scientists do not fully understand why this happens, it is known that these organisms accumulate when certain conditions simultaneously affect the water. These include abnormal weather, optimum temperatures, an oversupply of nutrients in the water, a generous amount of sunlight, and favorable water currents. When a heavy rainfall occurs, minerals and other nutrients are sometimes washed from the land into coastal water. 【T12】______. The result? Red tides!

{{B}}Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

{{B}}Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}