单选题By "powerless"(sentence 2, Para 1), the author most probably means that the poor______.

单选题Boredwhilewaitingatthebusstop,Katesticksacigaretteinhermouthjustasshenoticesabillboardacrosstheroad.Thesmallprintreads,"Warning:Smokingcauseslungcancer,heartdisease,emphysema(肺气肿)andmaycomplicatepregnancy."Katestopsforamoment."HowmanyhaveIhadalreadytoday?"sheasksherself.Butthenshelightsup."Idon'tsmokethatmuch,"shereasons,toquietherconscience."Andanyway,Iexerciseandeatprettywell."Everydaywewrestlewithopposingviewpointsthatbattleitoutinourminds—atensionknownascognitivedissonance.SocialpsychologistLeonFestingerdevelopedtheconceptin1957,fromtheassumptionthathumanbeingsfundamentallystriveforharmonyintheirthinking.Inthefaceofcontradictorypaths,ourmindsattempttorestoreinternalpeace.Westriveforthereconciliationoftwoconflictingthoughts,evenifwemustresorttoathirdtoattainit,suchas,"Grampssmokedapackaday,andhelivedtobe90."SinceFestinger'stime,numerousresearchershaveshownhowweattempttoreducementaltension.Tobecometrulycontent,itseems,weshouldfavorsmartchoicesoveremotionalones,buteventhen,wemayneedtofoolourselvesintothinkingwehavemadetherightdecision.Imagineyouarelookingtobuyausedcar.Twomodelsstandout—apracticallittlesedanthatdoesnotusemuchgasandastylish,fuel-guzzlingsportscar.Afteragooddealofbackand-forth,youdecideonthesportscar.Butassoonasyouhavedrivenitoffthelot,yougetanillfeelinginyourstomach.Shouldn'tyouhavepurchasedthemoreefficientmodel?Consumerscallthisfeelingbuyer'sremorse.Psychologistscallthetensionthatoccursaftersuchdecisionmakingtheregreteffect.Butcognitivesalvationcomesquickly."Don'tbeanidiot,"youtellyourself."You'dbetoocrampeddrivinginthatlittlething.Andthesportscarhassideairbags.AndaCDplayer."Thegoodfeaturesofthechosencargetbumpedupinestimation,whereasthebadfeaturesoftherejectedonegetexaggerated.Internalharmonyisrestored.Researchersarefindingmoreandmoreexamplesofcognitivedissonance.In2003and2004studiesbyMichaelI.Norton,nowatHarvardBusinessSchool,andMoninofStanfordUniversityunveiledavicariousformofthephenomenon.Inoneexercise,studentswhowerewaitingtoparticipateinanexperimentoverheardastagedconversationinwhichaninvestigatorconvincedastudenttopresentanopinionduringdiscussiontimethatwouldcontradictwhathebelieved:hewastospeakinfavoroftuitionincreases.Studentswhoheardthecoercionandlaterwerepartofthediscussionvoicedlessskepticismabouttuitionhikesthantheyhadpreviously.Apparently,theknowledgeoftheirclassmate'spresumedinternalconflictcausedcognitivetensioninthemaswell.Theeasiestwaytorestoreequilibriumwastoagreewiththeirfriend'sstatedposition.Thepotentialforartificiallyinducingsuchattitudinalchangeislimited,nonetheless.SocialpsychologistsFritzStrackandBertramGawronskiina2004studyofsocialgroupsfoundthatalthoughwemaychangeourconsciousattitudestojustifycontradictorybehavior,ourbasicunconsciousthoughtsandfeelingsarenoteasilyremolded—evenclearlyimpugnedsocialviewssuchasprejudice.

单选题Without question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time—particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains. It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left on his hands and be glad to sell the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employees busy during a slack period. He is likely to have a good many "seconds" available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains. Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the "second" should be clearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. (The term "substandard", incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect than "seconds".) More serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Misdescription of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say "only 100 left" when in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say "10 000 at half-price" when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning "let the buyer beware" were necessary it is during sales.

单选题General acceptance of 3-D. films may prove hard to Ucome by/U, as the experience of three decades ago indicated.

单选题(Although) we had been present (at) roughly the same time, Mr. Brown saw the situation quite (different) from (the way) I saw it.

单选题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. "We are largely the playthings of our fears," wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. "To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness--for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place." Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素) are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight (逃离). Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem. Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive. Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem. Phil's dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.

单选题A: How about having lunch with me today, Paul?B: ______

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Ask why most people are right-handed, and the answer might fall along the same lines as why fish school(鱼成群地游). Two neuroscientists suggest that social pressures drive individuals to coordinate their behaviors so that everyone in the group gets an evolutionary edge. Approximately 85 percent of people prefer their right hand, which is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain. One theorized benefit of locating a particular function in one hemisphere is that it frees the other to deal with different tasks. But that idea does not explain why. population-wide trends for handedness exist in the first place. Moreover, evidence gleaned in recent years has overturned the long-held belief that human handedness is a unique by-product of brain specialization attributable to language. A suite of studies has revealed brain lateralization in species from fish to primates(灵长类). Last August, for instance, scientists discovered that in the wild, chimpanzees show hand preferences. The presence of lateralization throughout the animal kingdom suggests some benefit from it, contend neuroscientists Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste and Lesley Rogers of the University of New England in Australia. Also, last August, in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, the two presented evidence to support their idea that social constraints force individuals toward asymmetry in the same direction. They noted, for example, that baby chickens attack more readily when a threat appears on their left. And Rogers has found that chicks with more asymmetrical brains form more stable social groups: perhaps by approaching each other on the right, she hypothesizes, the chicks fight one another less and are more likely to notice predators. Lateralization seems to confer an advantage for some fish as well. In certain species, the majority tend to swim left when a predator attacks, whereas other species head right. The potential benefits of such patterns may not seem intuitive: a predator could learn that attacking a fish on one particular side is more effective. But Vallortigara and Rogers's idea fits with the conventional explanation of why fish school at all. When threatened, fish turning in the same direction have a greater chance of survival than if they scatter to become a darting swarm of head-butting fish. Nevertheless, the bird and fish. data do not explain human handedness. "The issue then becomes: maybe this lateralization long predates the rise of the mammals," speculates Robin Dunbar ,an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool in England.

单选题On (each) side of the highway (was) hundreds of billboards (advertising) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell (fresh fruit) and bedspreads.

单选题What do you think the writer is really concerned about?

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Dollars and cents are the basic units of American money. The back of all dollar bills are green (hence "greenbacks"). The commonly used coins are one cent (penny) ,five cents ( nickel), 10 cents(dime),and 25 cents (quarter), 50 cents (half dollar) and silver dollars (not really silver anymore) are gaining in usage, while there has been talk of phasing out the penny that's inflation for you. "Always carry plenty of quarters when traveling. Very useful for phones, soda machines, laundry machines, etc." There is generally no problem in using US dollars in Canada, but this is never possible in reverse. It's useful always to carry small change for things like exact fare buses, but do not carry large sums of cash. Instead keep the bulk of your money in travelers' checks which can be purchased both in the US and abroad and should be in dollar denominations. The best known checks are those of American Express, so you will have the least difficulty cashing there, even in out of the way places. Thomas Cook travelers' checks are also acceptable, especially as lost ones can be reclaimed at some car rental companies. Dollar denomination checks can be used like regular money. There's no need to cash them at a bank: use them instead to pay for meals, supermarket purchases or whatever. Ten or twenty dollar checks are accepted like this almost always and you'll be given change just as though you'd presented the cashier with dollar bills. Be prepared to show I.D. when you cash your checks. Credit cards can be even more valuable than travelers' checks, as they are often used to guarantee room reservations over the phone and are accepted in lieu of deposit when renting a car—indeed without a credit card you may be considered so untrustworthy that not only a deposit but your passport will be held as security too. The major credit cards are VISA, Master Charge and Access, Diners Club and American Express. If you hold a bank card, it could well be worthwhile to increase your credit limit for travel purposes—you should ask your bank manager.

单选题The ______ and creativity of these designers manifest themselves in this fashion show.

单选题Beginners of English are ______ to make many grammatical errors in speech.

单选题Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressivelyproducers market it .

单选题Man: The new Chevy Chase film was terrific!Woman: Oh, come off it, Al. Chevy Chase is a great comedian, but he surely didn't show it in that movie.Question: What does the woman think of the movie?

单选题The best title of the passage is .

单选题Many youngsters have heard their parents say "You'll never {{U}}amount to{{/U}} anything if you keep daydreaming that way!"

单选题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Bored while waiting at the bus stop, Kate sticks a cigarette in her mouth just as she notices a billboard across the road. The small print reads, "Warning: Smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema(肺气肿)and may complicate pregnancy." Kate stops for a moment. "How many have I had already today?" she asks herself. But then she lights up. "I don't smoke that much," she reasons, to quiet her conscience. "And anyway, I exercise and eat pretty well." Every day we wrestle with opposing viewpoints that battle it out in our minds—a tension known as cognitive dissonance. Social psychologist Leon Festinger developed the concept in 1957, from the assumption that human beings fundamentally strive for harmony in their thinking. In the face of contradictory paths, our minds attempt to restore internal peace. We strive for the reconciliation of two conflicting thoughts, even if we must resort to a third to attain it, such as, "Gramps smoked a pack a day, and he lived to be 90." Since Festinger's time, numerous researchers have shown how we attempt to reduce mental tension. To become truly content, it seems, we should favor smart choices over emotional ones, but even then, we may need to fool ourselves into thinking we have made the right decision. Imagine you are looking to buy a used car. Two models stand out—a practical little sedan that does not use much gas and a stylish, fuel-guzzling sports car. After a good deal of back and-forth, you decide on the sports car. But as soon as you have driven it off the lot, you get an ill feeling in your stomach. Shouldn't you have purchased the more efficient model? Consumers call this feeling buyer's remorse. Psychologists call the tension that occurs after such decision making the regret effect. But cognitive salvation comes quickly. "Don't be an idiot, "you tell yourself. "You'd be too cramped driving in that little thing. And the sports car has side air bags. And a CD player." The good features of the chosen car get bumped up in estimation, whereas the bad features of the rejected one get exaggerated. Internal harmony is restored. Researchers are finding more and more examples of cognitive dissonance. In 2003 and 2004 studies by Michael I. Norton, now at Harvard Business School, and Monin of Stanford University unveiled a vicarious form of the phenomenon. In one exercise, students who were waiting to participate in an experiment overheard a staged conversation in which an investigator convinced a student to present an opinion during discussion time that would contradict what he believed: he was to speak in favor of tuition increases. Students who heard the coercion and later were part of the discussion voiced less skepticism about tuition hikes than they had previously. Apparently, the knowledge of their classmate's presumed internal conflict caused cognitive tension in them as well. The easiest way to restore equilibrium was to agree with their friend's stated position. The potential for artificially inducing such attitudinal change is limited, nonetheless. Social psychologists Fritz Strack and Bertram Gawronski in a 2004 study of social groups found that although we may change our conscious attitudes to justify contradictory behavior, our basic unconscious thoughts and feelings are not easily remolded—even clearly impugned social views such as prejudice.

单选题A: Hello, many happy returns] B: ______

单选题Man: Hi, Susan. I hear your ski trip was out of this world!Woman: It was wonderful! I didn't want to come back to the real world!Question: What can we learn about Susan?