单选题Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to ______ global warming.

单选题The study of literary influence among women writers has frequently adopted a model of sororal or matrilineal sharing in an often explicitly stated contrast to Harold Bloom's well-established theory of the "anxiety of influence" besetting male writers. In Bloom's powerfully influential vision, that anxiety is posed as a kind of Freudian agon of sons against fathers, a struggle of self-definition through resistance and mastery. Feminist critics have generally agreed with the Bloomian model as applied to male authors but have demurred with respect to women writers, whom we have tended to see in familial terms. The model of a separate women's tradition in literature, its inner coherence maintained by resistance to male dominance, that was posited in the 1970s by Ellen Moers, Elaine Showalter, and Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar has been widely accepted. As Betsy Erkkila points out, these groundbreaking feminist critics may not have significantly challenged the Bloomian model as applied to women writers and women precursors, but they did at any rate establish their resistance to the masculine literary establishment and the masculine model of rivalry. Their successors and elaborators have argued forcefully that a women's tradition is constituted of a supportive community whose members welcome the all-too-rare voices of foremothers calling to them across the ages. Even the literary foremothers nearer at hand, according to this prevailing vision, have served as models for emulation rather than hegemonic powers to be challenged. Erkkila, for example, asks pointedly, "How useful is the Bloomian model when the poet attempts to define herself not in relation to her poetic fathers but in relation to her poetic mothers." Her answer (later modified because of greater complexity) is not very. A metaphor of motherhood and daughterhood has, in the words of Linda R. Williams's recent revisionist theory, "profoundly affected our reading of women's literary history." Citing Alice Walker's argument about nebulous forms of knowing in In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens, Luce Irigary's concept of connectedness ( "One doesn't stir without the other") and Helene Cixous's version of the authentic woman writer's writing of her mother's milk in "The Laugh of the Medusa," Williams calls for an interpretation of literary connectedness not as a revision of the Freudian and Bloomian system-which Erkkila, by retaining the familial language, has in a sense retained, but as a way "outside of an Oedipal dynamic" altogether. The revisionist views of Williams and Erkkila are useful corrections of the prevailing mode of feminist theories that "romanticize, maternalize, essentialize, and eternalize women writers and the relationships among them." Neither, however, asks if women writers may not sometimes exhibit, rather than either revise or escape, the Bloomian model of literary rivalry. It is a prospect, perhaps, that we would prefer not to entertain. But it is a prospect that, while clearly not typical, may be less atypical than feminist critics may have supposed in our times too idealizing and essentializing theories. An instance of such a female adoption (and adaptation) of the Bloomian model of male writers' anxiety is Katherine Anne Porter's anxious and artfully duplicitous essay on a literary elder sister, "Reflections on Willa Cather." Operating in the loosely narrative fashion that characterized not only Porter's nonfiction but her very mode of thought, the essay purports to pay retrospective tribute to one of the preeminent women writers of the early and mid-twentieth century, but in fact asserts Porter's own stature in the world of letters. In the story of her essay, the protagonist is not Cather, as one would expect from the title, but Porter herself. The essay is cast in a pervasive first-person mode in which the observing or commenting "I" becomes the active principle and its putative topic a passive reflector, a mirror reflecting Katherine Anne Porter.

单选题The statistical figures in that report are not ______. You should not refer to them. A. accurate B. fixed C. delicate D. rigid

单选题She was between two very fat women and felt extremely uneasy, ______.

单选题It can be inferred that had South Carolina not cast any electoral votes for Jefferson, the outcome of the 1796 election would have been a ______.

单选题Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is ______ in comparison. A. overwhelming B. uninspiring C. astounding D. trifling

单选题Radiation occurs from three natural sources: radioactive material in the environment such as in soil, rock, or building materials; cosmic rays; and substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in bones and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average American. The Iargcst single source of man-made radiation is medical X rays, yet most scientists agree that hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons test fallout, since strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire life- time. The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial; the last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation, beginning with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which reported in 1958: "Even the smallest amounts of radiation are liable to cause deleterious genetic and perhaps also somatic effects." A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of childhood cancer in eases where the mother had been given prenatal pelvic X rays. These studies have pointed to the need to reexamine the assumption that exposure to low-linear energy transfer presents only a minor risk. Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant which produces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow, and lymph systems than would have been expected in a normal population. While the National Academy of Sciences Committee attributes this difference to chemical or other environmental causes rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation expo- sure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of 1 percent in the number of serious genetic defects at birth, a possible increase of 1,000 disorders per million births. In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, inconsistent, and characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate report concluded that coordination of regulation among involved departments and agencies was not possible because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. One federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop a coordinated federal program has resigned.

单选题The children glanced ______ at the box of candy they were told not to touch.

单选题The batteries can be recharged when they run ______. A. over B. down C. out D. along

单选题The playwright"s parliamentary career was notable for his eloquent speeches made in opposition to the British war against the American colonies, in support of the new French Republic, and in denunciation of the British colonial administrator Warren Hastings.

单选题______ the new fund-raising plan is approved, we will soon have more money to build the gymnasium.

单选题Edison's remark that genius is "one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration" demonstrates that the ______ worker is valuable.

单选题The statesman was evidently ______ the journalist"s questions and glared at him for a few seconds.

单选题The United States court system is characterized by ______ hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts.(2004年武汉大学考博试题)

单选题GOAD: DIRECT

单选题

单选题The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted, felt myself rather like the sun, ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and dear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets—I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right—and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did; she easily showed her feelings, but I didn't have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement. They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas, and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and Mother said we couldn't afford one till Father came back from the war because it cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knew they couldn't afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and Mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys' baby would have done us fine. Having settled my plans for the day, I got up, put a chair under my window, and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite hillside, which were all still shadow, while those on our side of the valley were all lit up, though with long storage shadows that made them seam unfamiliar, stiff and painted. After that I went into Mother's room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time, though I never seem to have noticed it, I was freezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I tallied until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.

单选题The country signed a/an ______ contract with America with an aim to make good use of their natural resources and capital.

单选题Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisible—even when, in retrospect, we see how truly strange they are. When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for his messy office: stacks of papers and old journals covered every chair and table as well as much of the floor. One day, as I walked past the open office door with one of my supervisors, he murmured mildly, "Odd duck." And that was as far as anyone seemed to reflect on this peculiar state of affairs within an institution staffed by psychiatrists. Eventually, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients. Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does not list "messy room" in the index. But it does mention a tantalizing symptom: inability "to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value," It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive compulsive disorder. I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural or scientific reasons become popular. In Freud's day it was hysteria. Currently, depression has moved to center stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one. It came with a list of additional symptoms that appeared to be peculiar : anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activities, rigidity about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasks—at times to the point of interfering with finishing them. In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic culture—perhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism may even be assets in rule-and detail-oriented professions like accounting or law. But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath the seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions. They lack the internal sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, even one as simple as throwing something out or making a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberation and revision, if at all. The need to come up with the "correct" answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsend—they represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended assignments, like writing papers, are nightmares. For such a patient or for a psychiatrist, understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist, sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.

单选题Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and production of the community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern. Thus many business persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even worker with relatively fixed wages are often better off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees. In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor and capital causes the community's total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible debts. For these reasons as increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground that this might be inflationary. Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices increase.