单选题He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.

单选题The decades after 1830 were a period of disintegration and uncertainty in German philosophy. For almost half a century idealist philosophies, culminating in Hegel's grandiose system, had dominated the philosophical scene, revolving around such spiritual notions as transcendental ego, consciousness, presentation(Vorstellung), idea, mind, and spirit(Geist). The rapid collapse of German Idealism—that "gigantic mountain range" of creative thought, as Husserl called it in 1917, was due to a combination of causes. There was in the first place, accelerated progress in the natural sciences, ranging from physiology(Johannes Muller, Ernst Weber)to physics(Robert Mayer, Hermann Helmholtz)and chemistry(Justus von Liebig, Friedrich Wohler). The success of the experimental approach visibly demonstrated the futility of all idealistic speculation about nature. Secondly, there was the rapid growth of technology(especially the construction of railways and the invention of the telegraph), combined with the process of industrialization(resulting in tensions between capital and labour which led to radical changes in the economic system). Moreover, new political ideas concerning popular participation in government led first of all to the abortive revolution of 1848 and resulted finally in the unification of Germany after the war of 1866. Next to philosophical idealism, the other great loser in this course of events was Christianity, especially protestant Christianity, a long-standing ally of idealism. The vacuum thus produced was often filled by vulgar materialist ideas along the line of Ludwig Buchner's Kraft und Stoff(1855). The more educated classes, however, had needs of a more refined nature, and they turned instead to Schopenhauerianism. Schopenhauer stood firmly in the great European tradition of idealism extending from Plato and Kant, but he nevertheless resolutely rejected post-Kantian, and more specifically Hegelian idealism. Schopenhauer combined the scientist's conviction of a blind causality reigning in the world of nature with a view according to which this world is none the less rooted in a subjective bestowal of sense. He combined the democratic feeling of compassion for all mankind with an elitist view on art, and a belief in the ultimate meaninglessness of history with an ontology in which the will is fundamental. But above all his philosophy, while rating Christianity rather low, made room for religion on better soil; the religion of India. The view of Indian thought current among educated circles in the second half of the nineteenth century in Germany was strongly influenced by Schopenhauer. Not only did he give popular currency to expressions such as "nirvana" and "the veil of maya", but also he may also be held responsible for the current amalgamation of all ideas which blew into Europe from the East. Neither Hinduism and Buddhism nor Brahmanism and Vedanta philosophy were clearly distinguished by Schopenhauer. On one point, however, he was particularly firm: Buddhism is the highest religion in the world, because it is an "atheistic religion" .Thus it not only surpasses Christian theism, but also comes close to Schopenhauer's own conception of the absolute. Schopenhauer's followers in Germany were therefore able to look down on the parochial Christian rituals practised in their country, while upholding the claim that they, too, were directed toward some higher entity however, vaguely conceived. Moreover, they could feel themselves close to the Vedas and Up-anisads, considered to be the oldest and most venerable documents of human thought, while at the same time feeling superior to these Indian "myths" as a result of their own ro-otedness in the purely philosophical ideas of the Schopenhauerian system. To illustrate all this, I want to quote from a document which not only exemplifies this widespread attitude, but also deviates from it in a significant way. It will moreover display the typical framework of Husserl's own understanding of Indian thought. The document in question is a letter written by Thomas Masaryk(1850—1937)in 1876, while Masaryk(who later was to rise to fame as the thunder and first president of the Czechoslovakian state)was still a student of philosophy. The letter is addressed to Franz Brentano who had been for some years Masaryk's teacher at the University of Vienna, the capital of the Aus-tro-Hungarian Empire. It was written from Leipzig in Germany where Masaryk moved in order to continue his studies. On 23 November 1876, he writes to Brentano: ...

单选题130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute ______ to the Revolution of Paris Commune in 1873.

单选题Three weeks after the suicidal bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were ______.

单选题The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ______, ranging from colds to back pains. A. compliments B. ailments C. implements D. commitments

单选题In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ______ the quality of interpersonal relationship.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your-Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. {{U}}(21) {{/U}}the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a "high" that normal life does not{{U}} (22) {{/U}}. It is only the inability to function{{U}} (23) {{/U}}the addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and a(n){{U}} (24) {{/U}}inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three{{U}} (25) {{/U}}at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he "doesn't feel{{U}} (26) {{/U}}" without them. {{U}} (27) {{/U}}does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to{{U}} (28) {{/U}}it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it{{U}} (29) {{/U}}complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences axe no longer possible, {{U}}(30) {{/U}}under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly{{U}} (31) {{/U}}. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be{{U}} (32) {{/U}}sated, but soon it begins to crave again. Finally a serious addiction is{{U}} (33) {{/U}}a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a{{U}} (34) {{/U}}life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from Working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. {{U}}(35) {{/U}}an alcoholic's life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.

单选题"I am convinced that we will not ______ a millimetre nor move one step to the side," said Gov. Ruben Costas to tens of thousands of jubilant supporters waving the department's green and white flags. A. recast B. rebuke C. assert D. retreat

单选题After some time the second stage of the space shuttle, having used up its fuel, just like the booster, separates and ______. A. runs away B. charges for C. falls off D. merges into

单选题She has become quite ______ to the company.

单选题Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.

单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830's through the early 1890's. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880's, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880's were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packinghouse workers! efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform. In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional date from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigations commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packinghouses unsanitary, while observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked. The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880's at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880's, and continued to decline after the 1880's, due to are organization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration. In worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industry's workers from the 1880's on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequefit), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The author's misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the history's faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers--the giant yards and the intricate plants--than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicago's South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.

单选题Microwaves are ______.

单选题______is a good form of exercise for both the old and the young.

单选题Because he is ______ , we cannot predict what course he will follow at any moment. A. incoherent B. quiet C. capricious D. harmful

单选题Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase. As usual, she had brought some work home from the travel agency. She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then, after spending a few hours working, she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music. She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door. "Oh, no! Who on earth could that be?" she muttered to herself. She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was. A man of about sixty was standing there. It took her a moment before she realized who he was. He lived in the flat below. They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice, and had nodded to each other but never really spoken. "Uh, sorry to bother you, but.., uh. .. there's something I'd like to talk to you about," he mumbled. He had a long, thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit. Alison hesitated, but then, opening the door wide, asked him to come in. It was then that she noticed the dog. She hated dogs--particularly big ones. This one was a very old, very fat bulldog. The man had already gone into her small living-room and, without being asked, had sat down on the sofa. The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him, breathing heavily. She stared at it. It stared back. The man coughed. "Uh, do you mind if I smoke?" he asked. Before she could ask him not to, he had taken out a cigarette and lit it. "I'11 tell you why I've come. I...I hope you won't be offended but, well..." he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red. His whole body began to shake. Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him. Still coughing, he took out a grey, dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it. Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply. As he did so, some ash fell on the carpet. The man looked around the room. He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say. Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point. She waited. "Nice place you've got here," he said at last.

单选题Which of the following is NOT the reason that the man wanted to buy a stereo?

单选题Even though we had been to her house several times before, we still did not remember ______.