问答题As a trainer, what exactly motivates you to get up and go to work each morning? Is it money, recognition, affiliation or something else? As a career coach, I often encounter people who've run our of steam professionally or who've become plateaued or pigeonholed in their organizations. Still others have limited self-images of what they can achieve, an image often shaped by a boss or an organization. (1) I believe the key m personal effectiveness at work (and to job satisfaction also) is knowing what motivates us to perform at our best It's then up to us to seek opportunities to fulfill these motivations. When a job no longer motivates us, it's time to move on. Jobs have lifecycles, so take stock of where you are and decide if that's where you want to be. Consider the following. Do you enjoy what you do? Nobody's excited about their job all the time, but you need to derive something from the work each day if you're going to perform effectively. And money usually isn't a motivator. We're motivated by the desire to do good, to be effective, to connect with others, to be creative, or to make a difference. What really lights your fire? Have you gotten away from that in your work? You may have, yet not even know it. Does your organization want you to realize your full potential? I believe many organizations lack the competence to develop or even keep good people. I've seen too many cases of individuals sent packing from organizations because they were more talented than their boss could stand, or because they did not always play by the company rules. (2) Also, prejudice and chauvinism still exist in the workplace. While we like to think women managers have achieved parity with men, this isn't true. The glass (some say concrete) ceiling still exists in many places. So, if you're a minority, consider how this is affecting your advancement chances. Don't be bitter, but do get busy. It may be time to get out and find something better. Feel plateaued or pigeonholed in your job? Then look for ways to make your job a "learning ground". Explore those informal, "out-of-the-box" ways we can keep growing professionally, even if we're suffering from a career slump, working for a tyrant, or "trapped" in a job that doesn't fully use our talents. For example, find a way to increase responsibility at work (and in so doing, acquire some experience you've been longing to add to your resume). Or, eager to be published? Then, write an article for a professional journal. Time to polish your oratorical skills? Speak at a professional conference or serve on the speaker's committee for your local ASTD Chapter. (3) There are always ways to leverage your professional experience, even if mat experience has been unpleasant. I know people who've written articles about sexual harassment based on their own negative experiences, then become stars on the speaking circuit because of it. Others have become consultants, specializing in areas they developed while employed by others.

问答题Charm is the ultimate weapon, the supreme seduction, against which there are few defenses. If you've got it, you need almost nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedigree. (41) It is a gift, only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. It is also a climate of behavior set for perpetual summer and controlled by taste and tact. Real charm is dynamic, an enveloping spell which mysteriously enslaves the senses. It is an inner light, fed on reservoirs of benevolence which well up like a thermal spring. It is unconscious, often nothing but the wish to please, and cannot be turned on and off at will. (42) You recognize charm by the felling you get in its presence. You know who has it. But can you get it, too? Probably, you can't, because it's a quickness of spirit, an originality of touch you have to be born with. Or it's something that grows naturally out of another quality, like the simple desire to make people happy. Certainly, charm is not a question of learning tricks, like wrinkling your nose, or having a laugh in your voice, or gaily tossing your hair out of your dancing eyes. (43) Such signs, to the nervous, are ominous warnings which may well send him streaking for cove. On the other hand, there is an antenna, a built-in awareness of others, which most people have, and which care can nourish. But in a study of charm, what else does one look for? Apart from the ability to listen-rarest of all human virtues and most difficult to sustain without vagueness-apart form warmth, sensitivity, and the power to please, what else is there visible? (44) A generosity, I suppose, which makes no demands, a transaction which strikes no bargains which doesn't hold itself back till you've filled up a test-card making it clear that you've worth the trouble. Charm can't withhold, but spends itself willingly on young and old alike, on the poor, the ugly, the dim, the boring, on the last fat man in the comer. (45) It reveals also in a sense of ease, in casual but perfect manners, and often in a physical grace which springs less from an accident of youth than from a confident serenity of mind. Any person with this is more than just a popular fellow, he is also a social healer.

问答题帮助真正的穷人，要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来，符合所有人的利益。

问答题In order to control and reduce environmental pollution caused by discarded waste electronic information products, save resources and promote sustainable development of the electronic information industry, according to the provision of the Administration on the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products, the electronic information products sold in the market within the territory of China shall satisfy with the following requirements: the environmental protection materials，technologies and processes shall be introduced according to the national standards or sectoral standards；the safe-use life，names and contents of toxic and harmful substances contained therein and recovery marks shall be clearly indicated Off the products． non-toxic，harmless，readily degradable and recyclable materials shall be used as the packaging materials，and the materials ingredients of the packaging shall be clearly marked．

问答题In politics, in the courts, even on the ubiquitous TV talk shows, it is good form to pick an intellectual fight. People attach each other—hurl insults, even—and it counts as logical argument. I cannot understand it. 【T1】 It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issues are presented using the terminology of war and conflict. We hear of battles, duels(决斗)and disputes. We see things in terms of winners and losers, victors and victims. 【T2】 The problem is society's unquestioning belief in the advantages of the debate as a way of solving disagreements, even proving right from wrong. Our brainwashing begins early at school, when the brightest pupils are co-opted onto the debating system. They get there because they can think up a good argument to support their case. Once on the debate team, they learn that they earn bonus points for the skill with which they verbally attack, or insult, the opposing team. 【T3】 They win if they can successfully convince the audience that they are right, even if the case they are arguing is clearly non-sensual. They do this by proving themselves to be stronger, brighter, more outrageous, even. The training in this adversarial approach continues at our tertiary institutions. The standard way to present an academic paper, for instance, is to take up an opposing argument to something expressed by another academic. The paper must set out to prove the other person wrong. This is not at all the same thing as reading the original paper with an open mind and discovering that you disagree with it. 【T4】 The reverence for the adversarial approach spills over into all areas of life. Instead of answering their critics, politicians learn to sidestep negative comments and turn the point around to an attack on accusers. Defense lawyers argue the case for their clients even when they suspect they may be guilty. And ordinary people use the came tactics—just listen to your teenager next time you pull him up for coming home late. You can be sure a stream of abuse will flow about your own time-keeping, your irritating habits, your history of bad parenting.

问答题美国人的饮食习惯正在发生诸多变化。美国人多年来那种丰盛的、一成不变的肉制品加土豆的传统餐，早已为世人所熟知。 而今，我们美国人可以有多种不同的选择，除了传统的家常菜外，我们可享受各种帮派的民族风味餐、营养合理的保健餐以及方便可口的快餐。 速度是美国人生活中的一个非常重要的因素，通常人们的午餐休息时间很短，即使午餐时间充裕，美国人也不愿意在用餐上花费过多的时间。 由于快餐饮食店可以在很短的时间里向数以万计的客人供餐，所以人们通常无须排队。 快餐食品的价格总是低廉的。烹制汉堡、比萨饼和炸鸡的餐馆均属这类快餐食品店。 虽然许多美国人仍然会站在汉堡包摊前打发自己的午餐，但是晚餐时，美国人同其他国家的许多人一样会静下心来，从容不迫地品尝菜肴的美味。

问答题Parks contribute to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (111) At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenery in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. (112) This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenery in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of parks. (113) The theoretical separation of living, working traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there has been relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (114) We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the front door of the house. (115) The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district; if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great; if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather; in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the front door of your house is closed behind you.

问答题我们也不应该忘记，广告给我们的钱袋做出了积极的贡献。没有这笔收入来源，报纸、商业电台和电视公司就不能生存。我们花很少的钱就能够买到一份日报，或者能够欣赏如此众多的广播节目，完全是由于广告商付了这部分钱。想想看，要是让你付全价，报纸会有多贵!

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}} Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: Topic: China's Auto Industry{{/I}}

问答题世界与宇宙的本质是什么?这是中国哲学的基本问题。春秋时期的思想家老子是第一个尝试进行阐释的中国哲学家，老子认为“道”乃宇宙及世界之源。道无始终，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主张“道法自然”。这个观点揭示了一个平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世间的一切都有着自然的属性，人类作为自然的一部分应当遵循自然的法则，而不应无节制地向自然索取。

问答题现代人是在陶醉于电视的状态中成长的。他们耽搁了吃饭，不做家务，牺牲了睡眠时间。电视是普天下的安静剂。母亲为了哄孩子们不哭闹，往往把他们往电视机前一放，而不管他们所看的电视节目的内容是什么——只要他们保持安静就行了。

问答题对某些人来说，克隆不克隆的问题在某种意义上可以比作是生还是死的问题。

问答题Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in n/any fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that nuclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless tree that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance——making the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.

问答题语言学无疑是学术领域争论最热门的话题。它淫浸着诗人、神学者、哲学家、语言学家、心理学家、生物学家和神经学家的血液，融入了文法家的方方面面。 目前以“语言学家”之名从事的大多数工作纯粹是描述性的；语言学家试图不通过价值判断或尝试绘制出未来语言发展的方向就来澄清语言的本质。但是，有许多专业人土和业余爱好者也在制定语言规则，他们规定出专门标准让大家遵守。而规定语法学家(prescriptivists)可能是想勾画出他们猜想什么是所谓的“错误的用法”，描写语言学家(descriptivists)却试图找到这种用法的根源；他们可能仅仅把它描述为“特殊的”，或者可能想找到规定语法学家不喜欢的规律性。规定语法学家之所以不喜欢这些规律，要么是因为它太新，要么是因为它源自一种他们不认可的方言。20世纪下半叶，规定性语法的传统受到越来越激烈的批评，这可以从他们反对的调子越来越微弱得到证明，但规定性语法的传统还远远没有消亡。

问答题Every human society has its own particular culture, or sociocultural system, which overlaps to some extent with other systems. Variation among sociocultural systems is attributable to physical habitats and resources; to the range of possibilities inherent in various areas of activity, such as language, rituals and customs, and the manufacture and use of tools, and to the degree of social development. Adaptation and change take place within and among cultures by means of ecological and environmental changes.

问答题1. 科学家认为，出生在夏天将赋予你开朗的性情，而出生在冬天则可能给你的快乐蒙上永久的阴影。 实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响人体生物钟运转的速度。冬天出生的人体内的生物钟运转得太慢，从而可能对健康和性格产生影响。这一离奇有趣的理论来自一项对老鼠的研究，该研究把刚出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光线下长达数月。 2. 有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照条件下，每天有16小时的“白天”和8个小时的“黑夜”。其他老鼠则只有8个小时的“白天”，和冬天昼短夜长的光照条件类似。 在这些老鼠断奶后，他们被放置在相同的光照周期中长达数周，或转换到相反的光照环境。最后，科学家把它们都放置到黑暗中，观察它们的反应。 3. 根据《自然神经科学》杂志的报道，那些在夏天的光照条件下成长起来的老鼠像往常一样作息，而那些在缺少光线的环境中成长起来的老鼠在应对这一变化时却显得吃力。 研究者道格拉斯·麦克马洪教授说：“在冬天的光照周期中成长起来的老鼠对于季节的变化表现出夸大的反应，这和得了季节性情感抑郁症的人类病患的反应极其相似。”

问答题几年前我认识一个非常聪明但任性的中国青年，他急切地想去美国读大学，但又没有被他申请的长春藤联合会名牌大学录取。所幸的是，一所在美国人，特别是受过高等教育的美国人当中享有盛誉的规模较小的文科大学向他提供了奖学金，但这所大学在中国几乎不为人知。凡是听我说起他的情况的美国人都觉得他真该高兴，然而，这位年轻人却被焦虑所困扰。这所大学的名次在他所咨询的排行榜上并不靠前，他的同学们也全然不知这所学校，因此同学们的祝贺也就不那么热烈了。难道这一“成功”真是个失败?他是不是该留在北京上那所已录取他的尖子大学?或者是他到了美国就转学到一所他认为原本应接收他的名牌大学去?当启程的时间到来时，他是那么拿不定主意，乃至向朋友们表示遗憾。 这个例子显示了排名的害处。要想知道什么意味着最好的大学显然是不可能的，因为每个人的标准都与别人不同；即使他们都同意某一个特定标准，他们对一个学校的估价也往往反映出信息的不完整和个人的不问看法等问题。我也许特别关注图书馆的质量，你可能强调计算机的使用方便程度，另一个人可能觉得图书馆与计算机都不如师生的交往重要，这又该如何确定呢?