问答题中国悠久的历史、广袤的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。毋庸置疑，中国烹饪已名列世界顶尖菜系之林。 中国烹调所用的天然配料品种繁多，几无穷尽，烹饪方法亦层出不穷，不可悉数。这些无与伦比的中餐烹饪特点，足以说明了中餐馆以及中餐烹调之所以名扬海外的缘由。 作为世代相袭的传统，中国人就餐时围桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食，炒菜放在桌子中央，大家一起食用。 这一古老的风俗习惯反映了食物在中华文明史上的重要地位：占据餐桌中央的是炒菜而不是鲜花，晚餐的主要话题常常是食物。 菜肴的各种色彩和材料搭配，给人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的习俗有助于家庭成员之间的团结和友谊。 当然，在一些卫生意识较强的地方，人们在共食放在餐桌中央的菜肴时，必须使用“公筷”或“公用汤匙”，以免疾病传染。

问答题The comparable dates for the computer are harder to tie down, but the first big computer, based on vacuum valves, was built in 1946. The transistor—the first semicon ductor device—was invented at Belt Laboratories in 1948. The first patent for an integrated circuit was filed in 1959. Now, in 1999—50 years after the first one was built—around half of American households own a computer. The pace of introduction has been similar to that of the car.

问答题A. Title: Scientific Discovery—Curse or Blessing? B. Time limit: 40 minutes C. Word limit: 180～200 words (not including the given opening sentences) D. Your composition should be based on the given opening sentences of each paragraph. E. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Outlines: 1. New scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing; 2. Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race; 3. The misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented.

问答题1．有些人认为学位重要。 2．另一些认为能力重要。 3．你的看法。

问答题科学是关于自然的知识总体，它代表了人类的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧。 科学并不是什么新东西、在有文字记载的历史以前，当人们最初发现了他们周围反复出 现的各种关系时，就有了科学的开端。通过对这些关系的仔细观察，人们开始了解自然， 而由于自然的可靠性，人们还发现了他们能够作出预测，从而在某种程度上控制他们周围的 环境。 科学家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面杂乱无序中寻求规律的人。他们具有一种特殊的 思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不能把一切科学发现都 归因于能力和耐心，科学发现常常与创造性的想象力紧密相关。的确，想象里的飞跃往往 是通向发现的第一步。另外，科学家也以其诚实而著称。他们非常重视诚实，主要是因为 诚实对他们至关重要。他们得出的每一个理论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或谎言 必将被发现，因此，如果发现了与他们的想法相矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据，而是 修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这样他们积累了极大量的知识，这些知识帮助我们更好地了 解自己及周围的世界。

问答题As researchers learn more about how children"s intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence—the child"s understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity—are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children"s achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science. In view of their power, it"s sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child"s intelligence. Until recently, parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school. Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn"t be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually—and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.

问答题一个成熟的公共服务系统一旦建立起来，它将成为社会持续发展的重要推动力量。

问答题Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a promotion letter Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be 160-200 words. 你是JCB电脑公司的销售人员，你向用户推销公司的激光打印机。请你写封信简要叙述这一产品的用途以及优势。并希望用户能给予一定的时间，以便当面能展示激光打印机的多种用途，并将于下周打电话与此用户联系，以便约定时间见面。

问答题Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one. It lights the candle in the hurricane lamp of self; that"s why it survives. There are book clubs and book Web sites and books on tape and book online. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changes-well, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul?

问答题In the past few years, several plagiarism (抄袭，剽窃) cases have been exposed in China; some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduate students who are working as researchers. Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on your attitude towards plagiarism. You may also illustrate your opinion on academic integrity (正直) and give suggestions on how to preserve it in the academic world.

问答题The method of scientific investigation is nothing but tile expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind: it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. The difference between the operations and methods of a baker weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist by means of his balance is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in 'the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion of a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.

问答题This understanding has fueled the rapid-fire pace of his actions and his obsession with “What's nest?” in products, which may have also fed his often harsh, dictatorial, and somehow still-inspiring management style.

问答题(81)(81) The agreement is overseen by the Committee on Agriculture which reviews progress in the implementation of commitments, and is required to monitor the follow-up on the Ministerial decision relating to the least-developed countries and net-food importing developing countries. "Peace" provisions within the agreement aim to reduce the likelihood of serious disputes or challenges on agricultural subsidies over a period of nine years. (82) The agreement was conceived as part of a continuing process with the long-term objective of securing substantial progressive reductions in support and protection in agriculture. It calls for further negotiations to be initiated before the end of the fifth year of implementation. (83) The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and phytosanitary(植物检疫的)Measures concerns the application of food safety and animal and plant health regulations. It recognizes governments' rights to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures but stipulates that they must be based on science, should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health and should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between members where identical or similar conditions prevail. Members are encouraged to base their measures on international standards, guidelines and recommendations where they exist. (84)However, members may maintain or introduce measures which result in higher standards if there is scientific justification or as a consequence of consistent risk decisions based on an appropriate risk assessment. (85) It is expected that members will accept the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of others as equivalent if the exporting country demonstrates to the importing country that its measures achieve the importing country's appropriate level of health protection.

问答题A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by means of which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates. Once the monopoly period comes to an end, all those details of the invention pass into the public domain. Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the life-span of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.

问答题 {{U}}The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.{{/U}} The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance the opportunities of blackmailers. (2) {{U}}While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom{{/U}}. Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply diverts attention from the real dangers. Computer data banks can and must be given the highest degree of protection from abuse. (3) {{U}}But we must be careful, also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its own social processes and to analyze its problems{{/U}}. Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has done and will do to man's view of himself and his place in the universe. (4) {{U}}The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty, but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as 'machines'{{/U}}. What the computer and the progress in artificial intelligence challenge is an ethic that rests on man's apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by natural law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. (5) {{U}}The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man's thinking is, in considerable part, a confrontation of these two views of man's place in the universe{{/U}}.

问答题我一直认为，真正的哲学应该是创造性的。一个哲人有时可能会写一点笔记，不时还要编些史料，但其根本必须是说出别人没有想到或想到而说不出来的东西。所以，衡量哲学家的唯一尺度，只能是看他是否向人类思想宝库提供了什么有价值的论见。此乃学术正果。 2．在先秦时期的百家争鸣中，道家虽没有儒家和墨家那样众多的徒属，以及显学的地位，但这个学派对宇宙、社会和人生的独特领悟，却是其他各家所不能取代的。正因为如此，在历史的发展中，道家才呈现出永恒的价值与生命力。 3．你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律，用某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们自己的理论。 4．语言是人类社会所特有的一种信息系统，它的传递与接受总是在现实环境中发生的，并受到现实环境的影响和支配，这种现实环境是人们进行社会交际的基础，社会中凡是使用语言的人每次都是在特定的环境中实现交际的。具体地说，它就是说话或写作的社会环境、自然环境、作品的上下文、说话的前言后语等等。我们称之为语言环境，简称语境。 5．他是现代语言学的奠基人，是他重新组织起对语言和语言本质的系统研究，并提出语言研究的新视角、新方法和新方向；是他使20世纪的语言学取得了如此伟大的成就，他也因此成为举世公认的了不起的现代思想家。让我们记住他的名字——索绪尔 (Saussure)。

问答题Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 人类的健康一直取决于人类与环境的关系。人类，像其他动物一样，不断被环境中对其起作用的自然力量改变着，而人类又不断地改变着环境。与其他生命形式——从鲸鱼到微小的病毒——为伴的人类只是动态系统中的一部分。在这个动态系统中，人类不断地同周围世界交换着物质与能量。例如，人类从环境中摄取固体、液体及气体物质，并向环境中排放固体、液体及气体废物。除此之外，我们甚至发明了同样与周围环境交换物质与能量的机器。在生命过程中，生物体可以进入我们的机体，有些对我们的生理功能是有益的，而另一些则可引起疾病。另外，我仰既可以获益于，也可以受难于世界上的非生物力量。所有这些与环境的相互作用都与我们和总环境的关系相关。对于那些负责保护环境和美化环境的人来说，广义的人类环境是至关重要的。绝对不能忽视的是，分析证明人民大众的健康是保护环境最关键的原因。但是在为保护环境而保护环境的压力下，这一点常常被忽视。另一方面，公共卫生工作者本身必须尽力避免制定或采取一些狭隘的、尚欠考虑的或过时的措施、计划和行动，因为对人类健康造成危害的现在和潜在的外部因素绝不是仅与水、空气和垃圾中的某一特定功能因素相关的、固定不变的孤立现象。不能否认，过去人们面临那些大规模流行的、表面上看存在着简单的、特定的因果关系的疾病时所采取的一些方法曾取得过很大成果。不幸的是，这种观点对于多因素疾病来说是极不恰当的。因为疾病主要起因于越来越复杂的环境变化。这种做法忽视了整个人类和整个环境之间关系的极端复杂性。 正如动物一样，人类除身体和智力方面比较发达以外，并无特别之处。我们的现实环境是一个囊括物质和生命的王国，以及由我们非凡的智力所造就的文化环境的多因素体系。因此人类机体既可被看做是环境的生物物理学的组成部分，同时也是社会文化的组成部分。整个人体和整个环境之间的这些关系是动态的。任何一方均可侵犯另一方，反过来每一方又可对对方的侵犯作出反应。为满足我们的生物、文化及独一无二的技术需要，我们大胆地、不断地改变着自然形成的环境，并创造出崭新的环境。人类对环境的这种改变常常是不协调的，没有考虑全面，其最终产生的结果也多有负面效应。 注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled On Sustainable Development in China in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. The definition of sustainable development. 2. Your suggestions as to how to achieve sustainable development in China.