问答题由于消费支出占国家总产出的大约三分之二，所以恢复消费者信心是格林斯潘和国会的当务之急。

问答题2013年12月份以来，中国25个省份、100多座大中城市再次遭遇雾霾侵袭。北京、上海、南京等相继沦陷为雾霾重灾区，湖北、浙江、湖南、江苏、安徽等地雾霾天创下历史纪录。国家气象局数据显示，今年以来中国平均雾霾天数已经创出52年来之最。 虽然政府部门采取了工业企业关停减产的措施应对雾霾肆虐，但收效甚微，雾霾正在对人们的生活产生越来越多的负面效应：学校停课、汽车限行、高速封闭。而更让有关部门尴尬的是，制造出雾霾的空气污染物来源，目前仍然是一个迷。 自京津冀频繁发生雾霾起，几年过去了，对于其形成的具体原因暂无定论。大多数的专家给出答案，重污染天气形成的主要原因有二：污染物排放总量过大和不利气象条件。具体看来，长三角周边更多为化工、水泥等企业，其工业废气组成更为复杂。 当然，问题的复杂性从来不是延缓解决方案的借口。在历经了京津冀地区的雾霾恐慌后，今年9月国务院出台了《大气污染防止行动计划》，涉及包括京津冀、长三角和珠三角在内的重点控制区的水泥、化工等六大重污染行业以及燃煤工业锅炉的新建项目。 从目前学界的研究来看，PM2.5的治理绝非易事。这样的长期计划要先布局，再行动，最后是对企业发力。 类比国外相关案例，上个世纪四五十年，无论是代洛杉矶雾霾爆还是伦敦雾霾事件，最后都是在政府和企业合力后，达成协议，最后以《清洁空气法》等法案的形式完成监督。

问答题中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。

问答题What is it that brings about such an intimate connection between language and thinking? Is there no thinking without the use of language, namely in concepts and concept combinations for which words need not necessarily come to mind? Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between "things" was already clear? (111) We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete independence from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual, growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality. IQ this sense thinking and language are linked together. What distinguishes the language of science from languages as we ordinarily understand the word? How is it that scientific language is international? (112) What science strives for is an outmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data. As an illustration, let us take the language of Euclidean geometry and Algebra. They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts, respectively symbols, such as the integral number, the straight line, the point, as well as with signs which designate the fundamental concepts. This is the basis for the construction, respectively definition of all other statements and concepts. The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and the sensory data on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determined. (113) The super-national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of an countries and all times. In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned to grasp general truths from particular observations. What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind? I do not think that this is the right way to put the question. Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankind. Once these goals exist, the scientific method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. (114) The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere, it would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding. Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem—in my opinion—to characterize our age. (115) If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run.

问答题The connotations of the term "harmonious society". 2. The significance of building a harmonious society. 3. Make your suggestions as to how to build a harmonious society.

问答题Dealing with Depression

问答题从技术角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学品。他们没有认识到像酒精、烟草这些熟悉的物质也是药物。这也就是为什么许多医生和心理学家现在使用了一个更为中性的词——物质，他们常用“物质滥用”而不是“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精和烟草这样的物质同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。 在我们生活的社会里，物质(药物)被广泛地使用于社交和治疗：服阿斯匹林来缓解头痛，喝点儿酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸支烟镇定一下情绪等。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，而且显然具有积极的一面，但什么时候变成滥用了呢?首先，大多数物质使用过量都会产生副作用，譬如中毒或反复使用一种物质可导致上瘾或对该物质(药物)的依赖。依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会出现不舒服的停药症状。 作用于中枢神经系统改变感觉、情绪和行为的药物(物质)被称为对神经系统起作用的物质。这类物质一般分为兴奋剂、镇静剂或幻觉剂。兴奋剂主要起到加速或刺激中枢神经系统活动的作用，而镇静剂则相反：使其活动减慢。幻觉剂主要作用于人的感觉，以各种不同的方式对感觉加以扭曲和改变，其中包括产生幻觉。这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”(psychedelic一词源自希腊语，意思是“心灵显现”)。因为它们似乎能改变人的感觉状态。

问答题Like many concepts in social psychology, aggression has many definitions, even many evaluations. {{U}}(1)Some think of aggression as a great virtue(e, g. "the aggressive businessperson"), while others see aggression.{{/U}} The fact they we do keep the same word anyway suggests that there is a commonality: Both positive and negative aggression serve to enhance the self. {{U}}(2)The positive version, which we could call assertiveness, is acting in a way that enhances the self, without the implication that we are hurting someone else. The negative version, which we might call violence, focuses more on the" disenchantment of others as a means to the same end.{{/U}} Although the life of animals often seems rather bloody, we must take care not to confuse predation--the hunting and killing of other animals for food-with aggression. {{U}}(3)Predation in carnivorous species has more in common with grazing in vegetarian species than with aggression between members of the same species. Take a good look at your neighborhood cat hunting a mouse: He is cool, composed, not hot and crazed. In human terms, there is not the usual emotional correlate of aggression: anger. He is simply taking care of business.{{/U}} That taken care of, there remains remarkably little aggression in the animal world. But it does remain. We find it most often in circumstances of competition over a resource.{{U}}(4)This resource must be important for" fitness," that is, relevant to one's individual or reproductive success. Further, it must be restricted in abundance: Animals do not, for example, compete for air, but may for water, food, nesting areas, and mates.{{/U}} It is the last item-mates-that accounts for most aggression in mammals. And it is males that are most noted for this aggression. {{U}}(5) As we mentioned earlier, females have so much at stake in any act of copulation (求偶结合)-so many months gestation, the increased energy requirement, susceptibility to attack, the dangers of birth, the responsibility of lactation-that it serves their fitness to be" picky" when looking for a partner.{{/U}} If females are picky, males must be show-offs: The male must demonstrate that he has the qualities that serve the female's fitness, in order to serve his own fitness. Deer are a good example. Mind you, this need not be conscious or learned; in all likelihood, it is all quite instinctual in most mammals. It may possibly have some instinctual bases in us as well.

问答题1. The occurrence of overpopulation in China. 2. Why China's overpopulation occurs. 3. The implementation of birth control in China.

问答题Directions:A: Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.B: Your essay must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.C: Your composition should be based on the' OUTLINE below.1. describe the chart,2. give your comment, and3. provide possible solutions to the problem. 年份 1980 1990 2000 案件数 300 900 1800(某城市消费者对于假货的投诉案件统计表)

问答题Please write your essay on the back of the Answer Sheet.

问答题Now many students use electronic dictionaries. Give us your view on electronic dictionary

问答题Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled On Sustainable Development in China in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. The definition of sustainable development. 2. Your suggestions as to how to achieve sustainable development in China.

问答题Today's worker is no longer willing to work in an authoritarian and dehumanizing environment. Workers want meaning in their work and balance in their lives. They want opportunities to contribute and to know how their work is effective. Employees want to work for organizations that respect them as individuals. They also want to know that they are working for an ethical company that acts in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. Today, and in the future, companies must design work so that employees can take responsibility and be rewarded appropriately. By changing altitudes, and conditions in the workplace, organizations can help make work more meaningful. Repetitive factory routines and office work that simply moves paper from in-box to out-box are mindless task that destroy motivation and productivity. Research has shown that mental challenge is closely related to job satisfaction. Too little challenge in the work, as in completely automated tasks, generally leads to boredom and lowered satisfaction. On the other hand, too much challenge may lead to failure and frustration. Thus success or achievement in reaching an accepted standard of c.ompetence is an important factor in job satisfaction. Today's workers want to be a valued part of the whole. They want to know that their work is important and how it fits into the corporate strategy. They want to know not only how the work they do affects others and the organization's goals, but how the/as individuals can make an impact. Employees will contribute their knowledge enthusiastically in a corporate culture that values the individual. The profitability of a company is related to the quality and efforts of its workers. Therefore, a direct relationship between job performance and reward makes work more meaningful. Compaq Computers, for example, has an unusually low turnover rate among its employees. Like most companies in the computer field, Compaq expects its people to work long and hard to achieve big results quickly. In many companies an atmosphere of constant push would inspire people to seek employment with less pressure somewhere else. Instead, high quality people stay with Compaq. The company's culture emphasizes individual responsibility for results and high respect for individuals, Compaq benefits from creating opportunities for employees to perform to the vast of their potential and to be rewarded for their achievements.

问答题我在这风光奇异的地方呆的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏五彩斑斓的极光(northern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会落到你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍呆在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。

问答题61. Criticism is a study by which men grow important and formidable at very small expense. The power of invention has been conferred by nature upon few, and the labor of learning those sciences which may, by mere labor be obtained, is too great to be willingly endured; but every man can exert such judgment as be has upon the works of others; and he whom nature has made weak, and idleness keeps ignorant, may yet support his vanity by the name of a critic. 62. I hope it will give comfort to great numbers who are passing through the world in obscurity, when I inform them how easily distinction may be obtained. All the other powers of literature are coy and haughty; they must be long courted and at last are not always gained; but Criticism is a goddess easy of access and forward of advance, who will meet the slow and encourage the timorous; the want of meaning she supplies with words, and the want of spirit she recompenses with malignity. 63. This profession has one recommendation peculiar to itself, that it gives vent to malignity without real mischief. No genius was ever blasted by the breath of critics. Tire poison which, if confined, would have burst the heart fumes away in empty hisses, and malice is set at ease with very little danger to merit. The critic is the only man whose triumph is without another's pain and whose greatness does not rise upon another's ruin. 64. To a study at once so easy and so reputable, so malicious and so harmless, it cannot be necessary to invite my readers by a long or labored exhortation; it is sufficient, since all would be critics if they could, to show by one eminent example that all can be critics if they will.

问答题The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they goon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideals and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It was a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man. The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logic. They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man's nature.