问答题有影响的人物并非在所有的情形中都有意识地觉察到这种仿效，但是这种仿效的存在会使他感到舒服。如果他确实察觉到别人的手势或动作与他一样，他会感到高兴，因为那意味着他对别人产生影响，他对这些人有吸引力。

问答题Today, many countrymen are returning after they finish their study abroad. 2. Reasons for their returning. 3. Significance of their returning both to China and to themselves. Please write your essay on the back of the Answer Sheet.

问答题Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic " Inheritance and Innovation: the Basis of Research" according to the Chinese instructions given below. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET II clearly and neatly. 传承和创新是学术研究的基石(foundation)。请你结合未来的学术研究工作举例谈谈你对其辩证关系的理解和评价。

问答题One of the most difficult situations that a researcher can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has violated the ethical standards of the research community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable obligation to act. At the most immediate level, misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own research or the research of colleagues. 1) More broadly, even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists and their institutions, which in turn can result in the imposition of counterproductive regulations, and shake public confidence in the integrity of science. To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is possible--but not always. Reprisals by the accused person and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past and have had serious consequences. 2) Any allegation of misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the charge, the institutions involved, and science in general. Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ethics usually has more options than are immediately apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 3) In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, and other senior faculty call be invaluable sources of advice in deciding whether to go forward with a complaint. An important consideration is deciding when to put a complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are obligated to deal with a complaint in a mole formal manner than if it is made verbally. 4) Putting a complaint in writing can have serious consequences for the career of a scientist and should be undertaken only after thorough consideration. The National Science Foundation and Public Health Service require all research institutions that receive public funds to have procedures in place to deal with allegations of unethical practice. 5) These procedures take into account fairness for the accused, protection for the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and requirements for confidentiality_ and disclosure. In addition, many universities and other research institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics Officer, or other official who is available to discuss situations involving research ethics. Such discussions are carried out in the strictest confidence whenever possible. Some institutions provide multiple entry points, so that complainants can go to a person with whom they feel comfortable.

问答题As a trainer, what exactly motivates you to get up and go to work each morning? Is it money, recognition, affiliation or something else? As a career coach, I often encounter people who've run our of steam professionally or who've become plateaued or pigeonholed in their organizations. Still others have limited self-images of what they can achieve, an image often shaped by a boss or an organization. (1) {{U}}I believe the key m personal effectiveness at work (and to job satisfaction also) is knowing what motivates us to perform at our best It's then up to us to seek opportunities to fulfill these motivations. When a job no longer motivates us, it's time to move on. Jobs have lifecycles, so take stock of where you are and decide if that's where you want to be.{{/U}} Consider the following. Do you enjoy what you do? Nobody's excited about their job all the time, but you need to derive something from the work each day if you're going to perform effectively. And money usually isn't a motivator. We're motivated by the desire to do good, to be effective, to connect with others, to be creative, or to make a difference. What really lights your fire? Have you gotten away from that in your work? You may have, yet not even know it. Does your organization want you to realize your full potential? I believe many organizations lack the competence to develop or even keep good people. I've seen too many cases of individuals sent packing from organizations because they were more talented than their boss could stand, or because they did not always play by the company rules. (2) {{U}}Also, prejudice and chauvinism still exist in the workplace. While we like to think women managers have achieved parity with men, this isn't true. The glass (some say concrete) ceiling still exists in many places. So, if you're a minority, consider how this is affecting your advancement chances. Don't be bitter, but do get busy. It may be time to get out and find something better.{{/U}} Feel plateaued or pigeonholed in your job? Then look for ways to make your job a "learning ground". Explore those informal, "out-of-the-box" ways we can keep growing professionally, even if we're suffering from a career slump, working for a tyrant, or "trapped" in a job that doesn't fully use our talents. For example, find a way to increase responsibility at work (and in so doing, acquire some experience you've been longing to add to your resume). Or, eager to be published? Then, write an article for a professional journal. Time to polish your oratorical skills? Speak at a professional conference or serve on the speaker's committee for your local ASTD Chapter. (3) {{U}}There are always ways to leverage your professional experience, even if mat experience has been unpleasant. I know people who've written articles about sexual harassment based on their own negative experiences, then become stars on the speaking circuit because of it. Others have become consultants, specializing in areas they developed while employed by others.{{/U}}

问答题Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $ 595 million.

问答题改革开放以来，中国找到了一条适合自己国情的促进和发展人权的道路。中国是一个历 史悠久、人口众多、资源和财富相对短缺的东方发展中国家。在这样一个国家促进人权，既 不能照搬西方国家的人权发展模式，也不能因袭其他发展中国家的做法，只能从中国的 国情出发，探索具有自身特点的发展道路。改革开放以后，中国在总结历史经验和教训的基 础上，找到了一条真正符合中国国情的促进人权发展的道路。这就是：将生存权和发展权放 在首位，在改革、发展、稳定和条件下，全面推进人权。这条道路的特点是：在发展人权的 基本方向上，坚持发展生产力和共同富裕的原则，立足于改善全国人民的生活和促进全国人 权的发展。在促进人权和轻重缓急上，强调生存权、发展权的首要地位，同时兼顾公民的政 治、经济、社会、文化权利和个人、集体权利的全面发展；在促进和保障人权的方式上强调 稳定是前提，发展是关键，改革是动力，法制是保障。20多年来，由于中国坚持了这条正确 的发展道路，不仅使全国人民的生活状况和精神风貌大为改观，而且形成了一整套比较完备 的保障人民民主权利的政治制度和法律体系，从而使人权建设在制度化、法律化的轨道上取 得了长足和进展，人权状况呈现出不断改善的良好态势。

问答题在角色没有明显划分、家务或多或少由双方共同承担的家庭中，男尊女卑的观点很难维持的。在这种家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念，并做好充分准备去加入一个合作的而不是“性别大战”的社会。

问答题英语经济的定义。2．简述英语经济在我国的发展情况。3．如果你所在地区的英语经济发展缓慢，请说明原因。4．英语经济在中国迅速发展的意义。

问答题青少年人格上的缺陷反映的是教育思想和教育观念的偏差，而教育思想和教育观念的偏差往往又与传统文化观念上的误区相对应。

问答题各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

问答题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese: A healthy system of higher education offers many rewards: scientific discoveries, eventual and even unforeseen applications, thoughtful political leadership, intelligent public discourse, cultural vitality, and an educated workforce. Higher learning serves several goals in coordination, goals that are mutually reinforcing. The aims are at once personal and social, private and public, economic, ethical, and intellectual. Of course, higher education has a utilitarian function. In that regard, as Robert Bellah (罗伯特·贝拉) states, it possesses "its own legitimacy". Yet, it is crucial to combine and integrate that function with other aims and ends, with what Bellah calls "education for the development of character, citizenship, and culture."

问答题Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

问答题Outlines: 1)我们必须重视旅游业对环境造成的危害； 2)倡导生态旅游(可持续性发展的绿色旅游)； 3)你认为我国政府和公民应采取哪些有效措施。

问答题Desertification in the arid United Statse is flagrant. Groundwater supplies beneath vast stretches of land are dropping precipitously. Whole river systems have dried up. Others are chocked with sediment washed from denuded land. 21. Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroding at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing. All told, about 225 million acres of land are undergoing severe desertification. 22. Federal subsidies encourage the exploitation of arid land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers, industry, and municipalities to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity programs encourage arid-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat and, especially cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage overgrazing of the commons. The market, too, provides powerful incentives to exploit arid land resources beyond their carrying capacity. 23. When commodity prices are high relative to the farmer's or rancher's operating costs, the return on a production-enhancing investment is invaribly greater than the return on a conservation investment. And when commodity prices are relatively low, arid land ranchers and farmers often have to use all their available financial resources to stay solvent. 24. If the United States is, as it appears, well on its way toward overdrawing the arid land resources, then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay far more later, when productive benefits from arid land resources have been both realized and largely terminated.

问答题Scientists are searching for ways to destroy nuclear weapons in space—to make nuclear weapons powerless and no longer useful. This has become known as "Star Wars". (1) Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening. (2) Opponents of Star Wars are worried that a system might introduce nuclear weapons into outer space and might not completely protect the nation against attack. Some missiles might "leak through" the Star Wars defenses. Or the computers that run the system might not work properly. Such a defense system, they say, might also be used to attack others. And it might not stop the buildup of ground-based nuclear weapons. Hopefully, a nuclear war will never begin. But, in such an event, could people really protect themselves? Supporters of Star Wars believe that laser weapons are the key to defense. (3) But can laser beams be developed in such a way to destroy attacking missiles in space? Lasers are not new. They have been around for over 25 years. They involve the following process: (4) Atoms of certain substances are stimulated, or excited, by a burst of energy from outside. The excited atoms then produce waves of light. These light waves travel up and down a laser rod and excite, or stimulate, other atoms. When a particular energy level is reached, the laser rod produces a strong, narrow beam of radiation. Most lasers give off visible light, but they can be built to produce heat radiation or even X-ray radiation. Because of the intensity and narrowness of their beams, lasers can be put to thousands of uses. Laser beams have been bounced off the moon. They can cut through diamond or steel. They are used by doctors for delicate surgery—such as repairing damaged eyes. And lasers are also used as weapons. (5) They can give artillery an accuracy as sharp as the point of a pin. They can also "blind" electronic systems in planes, tanks and ships. This means that those electronic systems can no longer effectively find and destroy their targets.

问答题Nearly every society in human history has considered its own language finer, its own food tastier, its own manners more refined (or more honest), its own morals better (or more sensible), and its own religion the one true religion. (1) {{U}}In smaller groups ethnocentrism takes the form of "team spirit", "local pride", and "company morale."{{/U}} Taken to extremes, ethnocentrism easily leads to chauvinism (the glorification of one's own group along with fear and hatred of others), racial and religious oppression, warfare, and even genocide. In moderate forms, however, ethnocentrism makes for high morale and effective cooperation within a group. (2) {{U}}Whether in a football team before a big game or in a nation at war, ethnocentric feelings have the beneficial effect of mobilizing and uniting a threatened group against its enemy.{{/U}} Finally, ethnocentrism can provide satisfaction and comfort. People often make themselves feel better by believing in other's inferiority. "At least I'm not a grind." An important step in the uphill struggle of American blacks and women to win social equality was the increased self-esteem generated by such ethnocentric slogans as "Black is beautiful" and "Sisterhood is powerful." As soon as it became clear that ethnocentrism was a common phenomenon, social scientists realized that they themselves might be unfairly judging the behavior of different peoples according to their own cultural values. (3) {{U}}To avoid any taint of ethnocentric prejudice, anthropologists began to adopt an attitude of cultural relativism; the view that human thoughts and deeds should be judged not by any outside standards but only by those of the society or group in which they take place.{{/U}} Cultural relativism thus stood for scientific objectivity, fair-mindedness, and liberalism. It rapidly became the dominant view in anthropology and sociology. At first, some anthropologists interpreted cultural relativism so rigidly that they refused to make any judgments whatever about human behavior. (4) {{U}}In the 1930s the anthropologist Ruth Benedict maintained, for instance, that the cultures of the world were all equally valid patterns of life and nothing any people did was invalid if it was in harmony with the rest of their culture.{{/U}} Paradoxically, the extreme cultural relativists, who wanted to give all other peoples due respect and resist all tendencies toward ethnocentrism in themselves, were drawn to the logical conclusion that anything goes—infanticide, headhunting, slavery, torture, ritual mutilation—provided only that it is in accord with the culture in which it occurs. History soon exposed the fallacy of this doctrine of total objectivity. Under Hitler, the Nazis enslaved millions and put millions more to death. (5) {{U}}After the 1930s it was no longer possible for scholars to maintain the stance of total cultural relativism.{{/U}} While contemporary anthropologists and sociologists continue to believe that the practices of another people cannot be judged on the same terms as their own culture, they also believe that those practices can be judged in the light of universal values and basic human requirements. Thus, any cultural practice that conflicts with such universal human needs as emotional security, physical health, and self-preservation should not be deemed as valid as practices that serve those needs.

问答题Topic: China's Auto Industry