问答题{{B}}2{{/B}} Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature-and this is particularly true of the literature written in English--knows no frontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the Unit- ed States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. Yet in the Middle Ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin, in which the churchmen and the Norman (诺曼) conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer (乔叟) and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.

问答题Artificial intelligence and virtual reality are two computer-related technologies that may cast a large shadow on education. Much of school planning may be done not by human agents but by programs created by human agents; and much of what was once accomplished by textbooks and occasional field trips will now be performed in virtual reality. One can ask: what is the truth value of materials prepared entirely by non-human entities? In a turnabout from previous trends, the acquisition of credentials may become less important. Individuals will be able to educate themselves (largely if not wholly) and to exhibit their mastery in a simulated setting. Why pay $120, 000 to go to law school, if one can "read law" as in earlier times and then demonstrate one's legal skills via computer simulation? Or learn to fly a plane by similar means, for that matter? Technology has revolutionized the world in which schools operate. Now it's time for education to catch up to change.

问答题现代人会遇到各种各样的压力 2．压力的来源 3．如何减轻自己的压力

问答题There will also be a "Walking into Health" campaign, aiming to get a third of the population in England walking an extra thousand steps-around a kilometer-every day by 2012. "We will look at using financial incentives, such as payments, vouchers and other rewards, to encourage individuals to lose weight and sustain that weight loss, to eat more healthily, or to be consistently more physically active," officials said.

问答题当代中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化。中国经济已经成为世界经济的重要组成部分，中国已经成为国际体系的重要成员，中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一起。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的繁荣稳定也离不开中国。中国将一如既往地致力于与各国一道建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

问答题{{B}}My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist{{/B}}

问答题{{B}}Outlines:{{/B}} 1)我们必须重视旅游业对环境造成的危害； 2)倡导生态旅游(可持续性发展的绿色旅游)； 3)你认为我国政府和公民应采取哪些有效措施。

问答题随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越意识到健康的重要性。一方面，身心健康有助于长寿，另一方面，健康在很大程度上决定了生活质量和事业的成功。尽管人们对于哪种运动方式最佳看法不一，但都一致认为经常锻炼身体、乐观、无污染的环境和良好的夫妻关系是保持健康的关键。

问答题Most of us tell one or two lies a day, according to scientists who study these things. And we rarely get caught, because the lies we tell are usually little ones: "I got stuck in traffic." "That color looks good on you." "I was just about to call." But even the smallest fib may soon be systematically exposed, at least in the virtual world. Researchers at several universities are developing software that can detect lies in online communications such as instant messages e-mails and chatrooms. The ability to spot "digital deception", as researchers call it, has never been more crucial. Today, much of our business and social life is conducted online, making us increasingly vulnerable. White collar criminals, sexual predators, scammers, identity thieves and even terrorists surf the same Web as the rest of us. Conventional lie detectors look for physiological signs of anxiety- a bead of sweat or a racing pulse--but online systems examine only the liar's words. "When we're looking at language, we're looking at the tool of the lie," says Jeff Hancock, an assistant professor of communication and a member of the faculty of computing and information science at Cornell University. Hancock, who recently received a $680,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study digital deception, says there is a growing body of evidence that the language of dishonest messages is different than that of honest ones. For example, one study led by Hancock and due to be published this spring in Discourse Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages. Liars also tend to use fewer first-person references (such as the pronoun 'T') and more third-person references (such as "he" and "they"). This may be the liar's subconscious way of distancing himself from his lie. More surprising, Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns. For instance, people who are being deceived often use shorter sentences and ask more questions. Even though they may not be aware that they are being lied to, people seem to exhibit subconscious suspicions. To identify the patterns of deceit, Hancock has developed an instant-messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the deceptiveness of each message they send. The system has already collected 10,000 messages, of which about 6 percent qualify as patently deceptive. Eventually the results will be incorporated into software that analyzes incoming messages. For now, the Cornell researchers are working only with the kinds of lies told by students and faculty. It remains to be seen whether such a system can be scaled up to handle "big" lies, such as messages sent by con artists and terrorists. Fortunately, the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing, Hancock speculates. "An e-mail generates multiple copies," he says. "It will last longer than something carved in rock." So choose your words carefully. The Intemet may soon be rid not only deceit but also of lame excuses.

问答题There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to regress. 10 Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading according to the type of reading matter and to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading it. 11 In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps re-reading them several times and pass more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material, which requires special concentration at difficult points. 12 A type of reading which necessitates careful attention to detail is proofreading, in which the reader, in order to detect misprints in a sample print, has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text. This is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed to overlooking such details. In fact, considerable practice is required to practice this task efficiently and it can be done only by reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively little attention to the general meaning of the text.

问答题The man whose life is centered around producing, selling and consuming commodities transforms himself into a commodity. He becomes increasingly attracted to that which is man-made and mechanical, rather than to that which is natural and organic. Many men today are more interested in sports cars than in women; or they experience women as a car which one can cause to race by pushing the right button. 22. Altogether they expect happiness is a matter of finding the right button, not the result of a productive, rich life, a life which requires making an effort and taking risks. In their search for the button, some go to the psychoanalyst, some go to church and some read "self-help" books. But while it is impossible to find the button for happiness, the majority are satisfied with pushing the buttons of cameras, radios, television sets, and watching science fiction becoming reality. One of the strangest aspects of their approach to life is the widespread lack of concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons; a possibility people are consciously aware of. 23. The explanation, I believe, is that they are so frightened of the possibiliW of their personal failure and humiliation that their anxiety about personal matters prevent them from feeling anxiety about the possibility that everybody and everything may be destroyed. Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never-ending personal anxiety. Am I suggesting that modem man is doomed and that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. 24. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and the full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

问答题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Science and Humanity. The essay should be based on the outline below: 1. Your position on the topic; 2. Positive side of the issue; 3. Negative side of the issue; 4. Your suggestions.

问答题You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You and your family had dinner in a restaurant a few nights ago. The service at the restaurant was terrible and the food was had. You and two of your family members had severe stomachaches the following day. The food was also overpriced. Write to the manager of the restaurant and explain these problems. Give any details that you think ave relevant. Ask the manager to do something about the situation. You should write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir/Madam,

问答题It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Discuss. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题老子在中国传统思想史上的主要贡献表现在：一是提出了抽象的“道”，突出了宇宙的统一性，使中国传统思想从具体思维转向创造性的抽象思维：二是丰富发展了辩证法思想，使辩证思想成为中国古代思想的光荣传统：三是提出了一种逆向思维的模式，使道家思想与儒家思想并立互补，成为中国传统思想的两大主干思想。

问答题美国政党唯一的最大弱点是不能在立法机关获得凝聚力。尽管政党内部存在一定的协调性，但是多数党不能执行重要法规的现象并不罕见。在竞选运动期间，存在很强的协调性。初选以后，失利的候选人都承诺要支持党内的候选人。到国会召开会议时，协凋性已经消失。这种现象可以归因于党派政治的分裂本质。国家委员会的成员们只不过是从名义上获得奴仆们效忠的一些封建领主，国会议员把自己的权力建立在狭隘的基础之上。因此，国会议员很可能关心当地的一些特殊利益集团。这种迹象体现在参议院和众议院选举方式的差异之中。在任期更长的参议院，政党的协调性更加显著。

问答题Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the following topic on the Answer Sheet(2): Opportunity and Success.

问答题“经济软着陆”，“让经济刹车”不少这类描述金融政策的词语听起来令人觉得这是一门严谨的科学。事实上绝非如此。利率与通货膨胀率之间的联系并不是确定的。政策变化对经济产生影响这些会出现为时不短而且变化莫测的滞后期。因此人们将金融政策的实施比喻为驾驶一辆挡风玻璃灰暗、后视镜破碎而且方向盘失灵的破车。 虽然有这么多不利因素，但近来央行的银行家们似乎有了不少可以夸耀的东西。七大工业国经济的通货膨胀率去年平均降到了2.3%，接近三十年以来的最低水平，今年七月才微微上扬到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代早期的两位数通货膨胀率低多了。 这也比大多数预言家的预测要低。《经济学家》每月都要邀请一些经济专家座谈，1994年底特邀的经济专家们说，1995年美国的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5%。事实上，八月份就降到了2.6%，而且，全年的通货膨胀率有望维持在3%左右。在英国和日本通货膨胀率比去年年底预计的低半个百分点。这决不是昙花一现，在过去两三年里，英美两国的通货膨胀率持续低于预期数值。 特别让经济学家惊诧不已的是，英美两国的通货膨胀率带来的是良性结果，因为传统的衡量办法表明两国，特别是美国的经济几乎没有出现滑坡。比如，在今年早些时候，美国的生产力利用率创历史新高，而失业率(八月份为5.6%)却低于多数人预测的自然失业率。而在过去，失业率低于此，通货膨胀率就会上升。 为什么通货膨胀未造成什么冲击?可惜的是，最令人振奋的解释也不是无懈可击。某些经济学家认为，巨大的世界性的结构变化已打破了原有的以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的旧的经济模式。