问答题认命对于获取幸福发挥着作用，且其作用与努力产生的效果相差无几。聪明的人虽然不会对着可免的灾难坐以待毙，但也不会为不可免的患难空耗精力与时间，而且即使对某些可免的灾难，他也宁愿屈服，如果避免这种不幸所做的努力会妨害他更重要的追求。许多人会因为一些小事出现差错而烦躁或者恼怒，他们也因此而浪费了许多本可以更好地利用的精力。在追求真正重要的目标时，过于情绪化是不利的，因为担心失败会使内心无法平静下来。在实际工作中，效率与我们投入的感情是不成比例的；甚至有时候感情会成为提高效率的阻碍。正确的态度是尽力而为，至于这个问题则接受命运的安排。认命通常有两种，一种缘于绝望，一种缘于无法抑制的希望。前者是错误的，后者才是正确的。

问答题1. 一位负责扶贫工作的官员说到2004年底，尽管大多数贫困人口将解决温饱问题，还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们，他们还需要政府资助。此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善，因为他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。如果遭受自然灾害的袭击，就可能回到原来状况。另外，现在的贫困线标准非常低，要使全体中国人过更好的生活，长期的艰苦斗争将必不可少。 2．中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知，中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品，但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择：除传统家常莱外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休时间短，人们不愿在吃上花时间，因而各种快捷、便宜的快餐成了人们，特别是年轻人的首选。

问答题Please read the following report and then write an essay in 250 — 300 words on the topic: My Comment on the Plan of Future Development of Chongming (崇明) Island. Your composition should consist of three parts：1. The characteristics of the plan.2. My comment on the plan.3. Description of the relationship between human and nature (to support our comment). Chongming, the country's third largest island and Shanghai's "last piece of pristine land", is working on a decade-long development plan. There are no large scale industrialization plans for the island. Instead future development will focus on tourism, resorts and exhibition centres although there will be room for certain pollution-free industries. —From Shanghai Star

问答题目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。这个伟大的改革使封闭的计划经济变成了以市场为基础的开放经济。

问答题Topic: As a young scientist, which life would you prefer to live, common or un common ? Why ?

问答题(1)Major breakthroughs were made in the reform aimed at establishing a socialist market economy; a framework for the new macro-control system was erected preliminarily and the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources was notably bolstered. During the past five years, in accordance with the reform objectives defined by the 14th National Congress of the CPC, the government took strides in promoting reform of the finance, taxation, banking, foreign exchange, planning, pricing and investment and fund-raising systems. New financial and taxation systems have been established and are functioning smoothly. The financial resources of both the central government and local governments have increased considerably. (2) Non-commercial banking has been preliminarily separated from commercial banking, and the central bank is playing an increasingly important role in financial control, supervision and management. (3) A single exchange rate for the RMB was successfully introduced; the exchange rate of the RMB remained stable; and the RMB was made convertible under current accounts. As. planning regulations which were carried out mainly in the form of guidance plans constantly improved, and as the control over prices further relaxed, prices of an overwhelming majority of consumer goods and means of production are now being set by the market. As a result, the market is playing an increasingly evident role in augmenting supply, regulating demand and enriching people's lives. (4) In the reform of investment and fund-raising, we introduced a system whereby a legal person is held responsible for projects, a capital system and public bidding system. Safeguards against investment risks were gradually strengthened and enterprises had more channels through which to raise funds. The reform of state-owned enterprises has been intensified and is progressing steadily through conscientious experimentation. (5) The direction objectives, guiding policies and priorities of the reform have been defined. We have explored many means and have accumulated valuable experience in tackling difficult points.

问答题Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 120 words. There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BAC"s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country"s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach. To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath test of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for every arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not to be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.

问答题It goes without saying, then, that language is also a political instrument, means, and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times, and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal. Or, one may speak the same language, but in such a way that one's antecedents are revealed, or (one hopes) hidden. This is true in France, and is absolutely true in England. The range (and reign) of accents on that damp little island make England coherent for the English and totally incomprehensible for everyone else. To open your mouth in England is (if may use black English) to "put your business in the street" You have confessed your parents, your youth, your school, your salary, your self-esteem, and, alas, your future.

问答题荷花居污泥而不染，若为怕水污而种在旱地上，它早就枯死了。人生也一样，避恶、避丑、避邪，只能说明自己心灵脆弱。

问答题The legends of the Wild West still color many people's impression of the United States of America. Unfortunately, the romanticized Hollywood cowboys and Indians have given a distorted picture of what really happened. Certainly, America's western expansion was in many ways an epic of courage and endurance. Dogged pioneers opened up new territory and forged a nation from the wilderness. This is the stuff of legends. But there was a dark side to this story. For the Indians it was a sad, bitter tale of misunderstanding, greed and betrayal — and we should know that too.

问答题Competitive pressures and a thriving new economy have driven thousands of businesses around the world to make enormous investments in their information technology solutions. Investments in enterprise resource planning (ERP) software and customer relationship management (CRM) solutions arc only two examples of the new trends. Businesses use ERP software to improve operational efficiency and increase profitability, and CRM solutions to automate customer interaction processes that improve customer service and increase sales productivity. hi today's modem technological world, companies are data rich and information poor. The growing need to anticipate changing market conditions and customer preferences, develop intelligent business plans, and act proactively is fueled by the availability of critical information. And because so much of that essential information is locked away within ERP, CRM and other transaction-oriented systems, the need for data warehousing is more compelling than ever. Without the ability to move from data to information to knowledge to action, companies cannot stay competitive in today's modem and ever changing economy. Early data warehousing efforts focused on separating the decision-support environment from operational transaction-processing systems. The ultimate goal was to create a centralized source of data for accurate, consistent reporting. The greatest cost of implementing data warehouses comes from the process of extracting, transforming and integrating data from source systems.

问答题 However, members may maintain or introduce measures which result in higher standards if there is scientific justification or as a conse quence of consistent risk decisions based on an appropriate risk assessment.

问答题 {{U}}"Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men," new research says.{{/U}} The researchers gathered data on more than 2, 400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient's emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people. (52) {{U}}Despite widespread belief in "road rage," anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents{{/U}}. (53) {{U}}Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately.{{/U}} But other injuries--those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents--also showed strong associations with anger. (54) {{U}}The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race{{/U}}. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable. (55) {{U}}Why anger correlates with injury is not known.{{/U}} "I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading in directly to the injury," said the study's lead author.

问答题Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard service sector language in our country. But recently, employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country. Proponents say that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service. But opponents think that encouraging the use of dialects in public counters the national policy to promote putonghua. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic: Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled My View on Celebrities in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. The advantages of being a famous person. 2. The disadvantages of being a famous person. 3. My hope for celebrities.

问答题According to the latest measure, employers will be urged to set up competitions with money, vouchers and other rewards for people who renounce junk food in favor of healthy eating and living, And those who will shed the maximum amount of pounds will earn the biggest prizes, reports the Telegraph. One competition, called The Biggest Loser, has a 130-pounds gift in store for the participant who loses the most weight in eight weeks.

问答题{{B}}TOPIC{{/B}} One day Jim gave some money to a man on the street who claimed that he had lost all his money and couldn't afford a train ticket to be back home. Some time later, Jim met the same man again who told the same story. Jim got very angry with this and decided not to give any more help to anyone whom he did not know. One response to this story is that we should help whoever in need of it even if we might have the risk of being cheated. What is your opinion? State what you think is proper and give your reasons for your viewpoint.

问答题There is one last question I must deal with in this chapter. Why should human beings be moral? Another way of putting the problem is as follows. Is there any clear foundation or basis for morality? Can any reasons be found for human beings to be good and do right acts rather than he bad and do wrong acts? I have already pointed out the difficulties involved in founding morality on religion, and especially on religion as a safe factor. (1) However, if a person has religious faith, then he or she does have a foundation for a personal morality, even though this foundation is basically psychological rather than logical in nature. What disturbs me about the use of religion as the foundation of morality is the frequently-made assumption that if there is no supernatural or religious basis for morality, then there can be no basis at all. A related, and perhaps deeper, statement is that there can be no real meaning to human life. unless there is some sort of afterlife or some other extra-natural reason for living. (2) It is obvious that for many individuals this is psychologically true. that is, they feel that their existence has meaning and purpose and that they have a reason for being moral if and only if there is a God, an afterlife, or some sort of religion in their lives. I feel that we must respect this point of view and accept the conviction of the many people who hold it, because that is how they feel about life and morality. It is also obvious, however, that many people do not feel this way. (3) I think it is terribly presumptuous of religious believers to feel that if some people do not have a religious commitment, their lives are meaningless, or that such people have no reason for being moral in their actions. But if religion does not necessarily provide a "why" for morality, then what does? Let us assume for a moment that there is no supernatural morality and see if we can find any other reasons why people should be moral. Enlightened Self-Interest One can certainly argue on a basis of enlightened self-interest, that it is, at the very least, generally better to be good rather than bad and to create a world and society that is good rather than one that is bad. As a matter of fact, self-interest is the sole basis of one ethical theory, ethical egoism. I am not, however, suggesting at this point that one ought to pursue one's own self-interest. I am merely presenting the argument that if everyone tried to do and be good and to avoid and prevent bad, it would be in everyone's self-interest. For example, if within a group of people no one killed, stole, lied, or cheated, then each member of the group would benefit. (4) An individual member of the group could say, "It's in my self-interest to do good rather than bad because I stand to benefit if I do and also because I could be ostracized or punished if I don't. " Therefore, even though it is not airtight, the argument from enlightened self-interest is a somewhat compelling one. Argument from Tradition and Law Related to the foregoing argument is the argument from tradition and law. This argument suggests that because traditions and laws, established over a long period of time, govern the behavior of human beings and because these traditions and laws urge human beings to be moral rather than immoral, there are good reasons for being so. (5) Self-interest is one reason, but another is respect for the human thought and effort that has gone into establishing such laws and traditions and transferring them from one historic period and one culture to another. This can be an attractive argument, even though it tends to suppress questioning of traditions and laws—a kind of questioning that is, I feel, the very touchstone of creative moral reasoning. It is interesting to note that most of us probably learned morality through being confronted with this argument, the religious argument, and the experiences surrounding them. Don't we all remember being told we should or should not do something because it was or was not in our own self-interest, because God said it was right or wrong, or because it was the way we were supposed to act in our family, school, society, and world?

问答题1. American hopes that pressure from the U S will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade harriers are almost certain to evaporate in disappointment. The fact is that Washington faces an obstacle far more formidable than a few power brokers in Tokyo"s government offices. It must buck centuries-old, deeply ingrained Japanese customs. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation. So far, the U S has had only limited success despite congressional threats to retaliate. In an April 9 nationwide broadcast, Prime Minster Yasuhiro Nakasone urged the Japanese to buy more imported goods and unveiled a long-awaited three-year plan to ease import restrictions. But his program was far short of what Washington hoped to see. White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan said the Japanese offered "few new or immediate measures." While the plan did promise fewer curbs on imports of telecommunications gear, medicine and medical equipment, it offered no relief for American forest products--which are among the most contentious trade issues. Nakasone gives every sign of being Sincere in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the U S that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984 and could soon top 50 billion. 2. Yet to rely on any one Japanese political leader, no matter how popular he is at home, to reverse trade policies is to underestimate the culture and traditions that weigh heavily against a breakthrough. Big business and dozens of anonymous bureaucrats have as much power as Japan"s top selected leaders. "The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is patently ridiculous, "says an American trader who has lived and worked here since 1952. "The vested interests are being shaken and slowly moved, but at a pace too slow for the eye to follow." That view is echoed by a U S diplomat closely involved in the efforts to open Japanese markets to American goods, Washington"s stock solution to the ballooning trade imbalance. 3. "Japan is a relationship society rather than a transactional society", he says. "You cannot alter that kind of a system with a television speech or a batch of general proposals, no matter how well-intentioned they are." Beyond specific tariffs of other official barriers to imports, experts here say that the U S faces these obstacles: Nearly total domination of the Japanese market by a few dozen giant conglomerates that strongly oppose even token competition--be it from abroad or emerging domestic firms. An elite, thickly layered bureaucracy that historically has drafted laws and regulations as well as enforced them, and both of these powers would be threatened by trade reforms. A longtime relationship between business and government that critics say fosters collusion and hinders foreign entry into domestic markets. Adamant support for import restrictions among Japanese farmers, one of the most powerful political forces. 4. A highly developed sense of loyalty to established practices and relationships that often outweighs any "duty" to society as a whole or, in some cases, even personal best interest. Esteem for caution and consensus in decision-making at all societal levels and conversely, resentment of governmental fiats or one-man decrees--even if that man is the head of government. Compounding Washington"s problem is Nakasone"s weak position within his own party, the Liberal Democrats, who have ruled Japan for 30 years. His standing is so complex and fragile that he has been forced to yield all but three of 2l cabinet positions to rival political factions. His cabinet colleagues are far less committed than he is to trade reforms, making it difficult for the Prime Minister to muscle proposals through either the bureaucracy or the Diet, Japan"s parliament. The existence of "Japan, Inc." --the concept of an entire nation conspiring to advance economically at any cost--is a topic of debate among both Japanese and outsiders. But there is no dispute over how the system actually works.