问答题当今世界，既非丝绸之路时代，亦非马可·波罗时代。昔日遥远的距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明进步的共同成果。不论是中国的还是外国的历史经验一再证明，文化需要交流。只有交流，才能相互学习，相互了解；只有交流，才能共同去促进人类智慧向前发展，并共同享用其成果。

问答题Lester Brown of the World watch Institute, an environmental watchdog based in Washington, D.C. warns that China's water problems will have global repercussions. Brown calculates that shortages will cut China's annual agricultural output by 9 million tons, forcing it to buy grain. This will push up world food prices.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 71. {{U}}The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how to think about health and illness.{{/U}} Our reactions are formed on the terror level. 72. {{U}}We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs(臆想症患者), a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention{{/U}}. Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things, or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much, or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives, or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority. 73. {{U}}Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury, but equal emphasis is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible lifestyle{{/U}}.

问答题I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have an ordeal of the most grievous kind before us. We have many, many months of struggle and suffering before us. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs; victory in spite of all terrors; victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.

问答题We expend so much energy trying to fix who we are, we rarely get to know ourselves. If we realized how precious the gist of life is, we would not waste a moment trying to improve it. If we really understood how precious we are to the gift of life, we would not waste time trying to fix ourselves.

问答题Hunting on a refuge seems inconsistent with its purpose of protecting and saving. However, big game, if allowed to increase to an excessive degree, can be their own worst enemy. They overbrowse their range. Then starvation ruins the herd. But even before nature balances animals to food supply, the destruction of trees and shrubs removes food and cover essential to many smaller animals as well. It' s good management of the game, and to the sportsman' s benefit, to crop big game judiciously.

问答题It is astonishing how little is known about the working of the mind. But however little or much is known, it is fairly clear that the model of the logic-machine is not only wrong but mischievous. There are people who profess to believe that man can live by logic alone. If only they say, men developed their reason, looked at all situations and dilemmas logically, and proceeded to devise rational solutions, all human problems would be solved. Be reasonable. Think logically. Act rationally. This line of thought is very persuasive, not to say seductive. 1) It is astonishing, however, how frequently the people most fanatically devoted to logic and reason, to a cold review of the "facts" and a calculated construction of the truth, turn out not only to be terribly emotional in argumentation, but obstinate before any "truth" is "proved" -- deeply committed to emotional positions that prove rock-resistible to the most massive accumulation of unsympathetic facts and proofs. 2) If man"s mind cannot be turned into a logic-machine, neither can it function properly as a great emotional sponge, to be squeezed at will. All of us have known people who gush as a general response to life - who gush in seeing a sunset, who gush in reading a book, who gush in meeting a friend. They may seem to live by emotion alone, but their constant gushing is a disguise for absence of genuine feeling, a torrent rushing to fill a vacuum. It is not uncommon to find beneath the gush a cold, analytic mind that is astonishing in its meticulousness and ruthless in its calculation. Somewhere between machine and sponge lies the reality of the mind - a blend of reason and emotion, of actuality and imagination, of fact and feeling. 3) The entanglement is so complete, the mixture so thoroughly mixed, that it is probably impossible to achieve pure reason or pure emotion, at least for any sustained period of time. 4) It is probably best to assume that all our reasoning is fused with our emotional commitments and beliefs, all our thoughts colored by feelings that lie deep within our psyches. Moreover, it is probably best to assume that this stream of emotion is not a poison, not even a taint, but is a positive life-source, a stream of psychic energy that animates and vitalizes our entire thought process. 5) The roots of reason are embedded in feelings - feelings that have formed and accumulated and developed over a lifetime of personality-shaping. These feelings are not for occasional using but are inescapable. To know what we think, we must know how we feel. It is feeling that shapes belief and forms opinion. It is feeling that directs the strategy of argument. It is our feelings, then, with which we must come to honorable terms.

问答题1．我们的国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进，但是十几亿人口的素质是无法引进的，这必须靠我们去提高。 2．今天，越来越多的妇女走出家门参加工作，除了传统的经济方面的原因以外，我们还发现，环境优越的妇女参加工作是为了施展抱负，发挥个人才能，还有的妇女则是希望通过参加社会活动冲出家庭小天地的束缚。但对所有的妇女而言，参加工作都是为了获得独立。 3．党和政府要采取积极措施，依靠社会各方面的力量，关心和安排好下岗职工的生活，搞好职业培训，拓宽就业门路，推进再就业工程。 4．我们要建设立足中国现实，继承历史文化优秀传统，吸取外国文化有益成果的社会主义精神文明。 5．宏观调控的主要任务，是保持经济总量平衡，抑制通货膨胀，促进重大经济结构优化，实现经济稳定增长。

问答题(1) Contemporary technological reporting is full of notions of electronic communities in which people interact across regions or entire continents. Could such "virtual communities" eventually replace geographically localized social relations? There are reasons to suspect that, as the foundation for a democratic society, virtual communities will remain seriously deficient. (2) For example, electronic communication filters out and alters much of the subtlety, warmth, contextuality, and so on that seem important to fully human, morally engaged interaction. That is one reason many Japanese and European executives persist in considering face-to-face encounter essential to their business dealings and why many engineers, too, prefer face-to-face interaction and find it essential to their creativity. (3) Even hypothetical new media (e. g. advanced "virtual realities"), conveying a dimensionally richer sensory display, are unlikely to prove fully satisfactory substitutes for face-to-face interaction. Electronic media decompose holistic experience into analytically distinct sensory dimensions and then transmit the latter. At the receiving end, people can resynthesize the resulting parts into a coherent experience, but the new whole is invariably different and, in some fundamental sense less, than the original. Second, there is evidence that screen-based technologies (such as TV and computer monitors) are prone to induce democratically unpromising psychopathologies, ranging from escapism to passivity, obsession, confusing watching with doing, withdrawal from other forms of social engagement, or distancing from moral consequences. Third, a strength—but also a drawback—to a virtual community is that any member can exit instantly. Indeed, an entire virtual community can decline or perish in the wink of an eye. (4) To the extent that membership in virtual communities proves less stable than that obtaining in other forms of democratic community, or that social relations prove less thick (i. e. less embedded in a context filled with shared meaning and history), there could be adverse consequences for individual psychological and moral development. Fourth, (5) no matter with whom we communicate nor how far our imaginations fly, our bodies—and hence many material interdependencies with other people—always remain locally situated. Thus it seems morally hazardous to commune with far-flung tele-mates, if that means growing indifferent m physical neighbors. It is not encouraging m observe just such indifference in California's Silicon Valley, one of the world's most "highly wired" regions.

问答题Directions: Write a 150-250-word composition about your point of view on building a harmo- nious society. Your composition is to inctude 3 paragraphs: 1. In the first paragraph, state your understanding of a harmonious society. 2. In the second paragraph, demonstrate what you have done and what you will do. 3. In the last paragraph, bring your composition to a natural conclusion. Attention: Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题尽管广告十分诱人，但所谓的“焦油和尼古丁含量低的香烟”同其他香烟一样不安全。根据联邦贸易委员会的报道，焦油和尼古丁的含量似乎比较低，其原因是联邦贸易委员会用吸烟机而不用人来决定焦油和尼古丁的含量。但人们不像吸烟机那样吸烟。 通过研究吸烟者的血样，并未发现各种品牌的吸烟者的血样有很大的差异，也没有发现吸入的尼古丁和所抽的任何品牌的香烟的数量有直接的联系。

问答题五年前，如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队对高级人才的要求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。 24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心志。我不担心入伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为人伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。” 随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，大学生入伍比率从0.1%提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。 为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上，这种入伍的经历很有意义，可以开阔视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。

问答题71. The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. 72. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs(臆想症患者), a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention. Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things, or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much, or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives, or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority. 73. Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury, but equal emphasis is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible lifestyle.

问答题As Apple prepares to report what (analysts project) may be the company"s first year-over-year quarterly earnings decline in a decade on Tuesday, it is also grappling with jittery investors and a recent share-price plunge that has wiped about $280 billion off its market capitalization since its stock reached a high of $702.10 last September. 1 Much of the investor nervousness is rooted in how Wall Street is treating and valuing the Cupertino, Calif., company as a traditional hardware maker. One camp of analysts and some investors said there is strong evidence that Apple should be viewed in a different light: as a software-hardware hybrid. The distinction matters. If it continues to be seen as a hardware business, Apple"s streak—driven by products like the iPhone and iPad—could run out quickly as smartphones and tablets get commoditized and consumer tastes change. 2 It is a lesson learned by companies like BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion Ltd., whose tech hardware was quickly eclipsed by products from Apple itself. If Apple is classified as a software-hardware hybrid, the company could be valued more like Internet and software makers that have recurring revenue streams and that often trade at higher price-to-earnings ratios than hardware firms. "The market views Apple as a consumer hardware company tied to product cycles that drive volatile revenue and earnings streams," says Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huberty. 3 But that view isn"t complete, she says, since "Apple customers buy into a brand that offers ease of use similar to companies like Amazon.com or enterprise companies like NetApp." An Apple spokesman declined to comment ahead of Tuesday"s earning report. With Wall Street categorizing Apple as a hardware maker, investors value the company-which made an astounding $13 billion in profits in the quarter ended in December—at 8.6 times expected earnings per share for the next 12 months. Investors are currently valuing Hewlett-Packard Co., which made $1.2 billion in profits during its most recent quarter, at a price-to-earnings ratio of 5.6. Troubled PC maker Dell Inc., whose stock price inflated after signing a buyout deal earlier this year, trades at a P/E ratio of 8.5. Apple"s gross margins are around 40%, an important-measure of the company"s efficiency at making money. That is roughly twice as high as H-P"s and Dell"s. Apple has characteristics that differ from many other hardware businesses. 4 Its customers often upgrade their Apple products annually, far more frequently than the four-gear PC upgrade cycles typically found at tech hardware businesses including Hewlett-Packard or Dell. While H-P and Dell have tried beefing up the enterprise software side of their business, Apple"s operating system and iTunes software is already ubiquitous. 5 Apple also has more than 500 million accounts for its App Store tied to credit cards—and a customer base to sell new services to—giving it a recurring software and services revenue stream. Apple took in revenue of $3.7 billion from iTunes and other software and services in its last quarter, or 7% of its total revenue.

问答题I think most of us would agree that the world is a shrinking place. On the one hand, this shrinking is highly beneficial. People around the world now enjoy economic, cultural and recreational opportunities which were previously not accessible. On the other hand, the rapid mobility of people, money, information, ideas and commodities generally has provided new opportunities for crime, and new challenges for law enforcement agencies. This will require unprecedented cooperation between nations, and will inevitably generate tensions arising from differences in national values, even within nations, tensions between such values, as privacy and the imperatives of law enforcement will be high in the public agenda. Most probably new organizational forms will emerge to combat new manifestations of criminality.

问答题Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled On Noise Pollution in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. The harmfulness of noise pollution and its source. 2. What measures have been taken by our government to stop noise pollution? 3. Your suggestions as to how to control noise pollution.

问答题Efforts to provide professional trauma counseling assume that trauma is the main psychosocial issue following the earthquake. (1) In fact, however, trauma is only a small part of a wide array of psychosocial issues that ought to be addressed. For many earthquake survivors, the main issue is not traumatic memories of the earthquake but stresses associated with their current living situation. These stresses include the lack of safety and security, the loss of livelihood, lack of appropriate shelter, changes in family relations, threats of and exposure to gender-based violence, substance abuse, and uncertainties about the future. Because these stresses are holistic, they require comprehensive support that goes beyond trauma counseling. (2) Inherently, the support needed is social rather than psychological and includes such things as normalizing life by reestablishing daily activities such as working for parents and education for children, protection from rape and other forms of gender-based violence, the development of livelihood, and the strengthening of community networks of social support. However, it is not just the kind of support--social or psychological--that makes a difference. Across humanitarian sectors, the way in which relief is provided has a strong impact on psychosocial well-being. A common error is to view earthquake survivors as passive victims who need to be taken care of or healed by outsiders. (3) In the present emergency, the most effective means of providing psychosocial support is through a process of community mobilization and empowerment wherein communities make their own decisions and develop their own systems of protection, care, and support for survivors. When communities make choices about how to move forward, they reestablish a sense of control that is a powerful antidote to feelings of being overwhelmed. (4) As they engage in collective planning and action, they gain a sense of hope for the future and move out of the victim's role they too often ate cast into. (5) Psychosocial support is not mainly something done to or for people by psychologists or psychiatrists but a process of local people activating their own social support for their collective well-being and positive future. Taking heed of this key point, the emphasis in earthquake response should be on social interventions that empower local people. At best, trauma counseling is a very small part of the much wider array of support that will help victims get on with their lives.

问答题1. The aim of "Holiday Economy" and its positive effects. 2. Problems derived from "Holiday Economy". 3. My suggestions.

问答题Books are to mankind what memory is to individual. They contain the history of our race, the discoveries we have made, the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages; they picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature; help us in our difficulties, comfort us in sorrow and in suffering, change hours of weariness into moments of delight, store our minds with ideas, fill them with good and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves.