问答题Directions: Write an essay in no Less than 200 words entitled "Opportunities and Challenges with the Coming of Globalization".

问答题Recently，a newspaper carried an article entitled：“We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics．”The article argued that some art ists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Con gress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference，and they should not be forced to do so．What do you think?

问答题在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是______。 2．使我难忘的原因是 ______。 3．它对我后来的影响是 ______。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}} Write 200～250 words to comment on the topic given below. Use the proper space on the ANSWER SHEET. Topic: The More I Learn, the More Ignorant I Find Myself to Be{{/I}}

问答题Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. My Opinion about Traditional Holidays in Modern China

问答题表面上，男人对妇女的能力所做的评论听起来似乎是令人开心的。人们每天都在重复讲述妇女驾驶员的陈腐笑话。这种表面上的开心，显然不能掩饰男人对女人的真正蔑视。无论男人对女人怎样嗤之以鼻，他们自我宣传的优越感并没有为统计资料所证明。

问答题TOPIC Good management can help the organization achieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and research workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good manager of such a group of people?

问答题If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep in side rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size.

问答题Tsunamis are impulsively generated sea waves by a disturbance to or near the ocean. 21. Earthquakes, submarine volcanic explosions, landslides and the detonation of nuclear devices near the sea can give rise to such destructive sea waves. By far the most destructive tsunamis are generated from large shallow-focus earthquakes with an epicenter or fault line near or in the ocean. Vertical displacements of the earth"s crust along the rupture resulting from the ocean. Vertical displacements of the earth"s crust along the rupture resulting from such earthquakes can generate destructive tsunami waves which can travel across an ocean spreading destruction across their path. Similar displacements of the ocean floor can also be produced by volcanic eruptions and submarine avalanches or landslides. However, these sources are considered as point sources and, although the tsunami waves generated can be very destructive locally, the energy of the waves is rapidly dissipated as they travel across the ocean. To forecast tsunamis and determine terminal run-up and destructiveness, one must be able to evaluate the parameters of the tsunami source mechanism in real time, often, from inadequate date. 22. Tsunami source mechanism analysis is difficult given the time constraints of a warning situation. It will suffice to say that forecasting the run-up and potential destructiveness of a tsunami at a distant shore will depend greatly on determining the seismic parameters of the source location such as magnitude of the earthquake, its depth, its orientation, the length of the fault line, the size of the crustal displacements, and depth of the water. 23. Refraction(折射) and diffraction(衍射) processes will affect the energy and height of the tsunami waves as they travel across the ocean. These effects must also be determined. Finally, terminal height, run-up, and inundation of the tsunami at a point of impact will depend upon the energy forcusing effect, the travel path of the waves, the coastal configuration, and the offshore bathymetry, only to name a few. Tsunami run-up is the vertical distance between the maximum height reached by the water on shore and the mean-sea-level surface. 24. Contrary to meteorological predictions, tsunami run-up, the final product of earthquake and tsunami investigations is not possible to forecast with a great degree of accuracy. The reason for this inadequacy is that the Tsunami Warning System works in a real time frame of short duration, often with inadequate date and information. Problems of communication and lack of sufficient station density, often complicate the process. Forecasting tsunamis requires adequate understanding of the phenomenon, good and expeditious collection of earthquake and sea level date, and accruate and expeditious assessment and interpretation of this data.

问答题The Aswan Dam for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

问答题Since the turn of the century, Londoners have expressed a preference for suburban locations as more pleasant and safer to bring up children. The middle classes fear urban public life so much, they are willing to trade off the daily journey to work in favor of safety and seclusion at home. In New York, people view the streets, sidewalks, plazas and subways as areas of combat rather than civility where the goal is not enjoyment but survival. 【T1】 This process of detachment and withdrawal has been encouraged by the motor car, bringing in its wake difficult pedestrian access key sites cut off by ring roads, and multi-storey car parks which are particularly threatening to women. The cinema has partly given way to the home video, and luxury housing developments around London feature high levels of security surveillance. In New York, new buildings are filled with "defensible space", gales and guards to funnel you this way or that because drug dealers can make a public space their own in a few days. The unrestrained growth of incivilities—drunks, tramps, rowdy youth, prostitutes, and other disreputables—had decreased communal control. This had led to more actual crime, increased the fear of crime, encouraged withdrawal into private spaces, so further reducing commitment to neighborhoods and encouraging greater incivilities. 【T2】 The result is that people then create a shield for themselves in public places; they minimize expressions and body contact, choose seating to signal what might happen next, they run. Since beggars probably evoked mixed reactions of pity, embarrassment, or fear, their high visibility on the streets may well lead people to avoid certain places. 【T3】 It is incivilities like these which surely make people fearful in cities and which cannot be dismissed as Home officials tend to do, as irrational fears. A woman's fearfulness about travelling on the Tube, for example, cannot be lightly dismissed on the grounds that statistically she is less likely to suffer an assault than a young man. Her fears are fuelled by all these surrounding incivilities, plus gestures, sexual innuendos, or remarks from youths in the carriage. If a couple of young men start smoking on the Tube, the tension in the carriage is palpable because people know what the reaction is likely to be if they are told to stop. Women or old people feel more vulnerable than young men because they arc more vulnerable. When considering risks, policy makers tend to emphasize statistical infrequency and downplay the gravity of outcomes. London cries out for some kind of coherent city planning. But the quality of its citizens' lives won't be improved unless these incivilities, which are so much more difficult to quantify, are properly addressed.

问答题【T1】 上周四，世界观察研究学会一年一度的“地球健康体检”报告出炉。2005年，地球的森林砍伐量创历史新高，这是该报告强调的众多环境问题征兆之一。 该驻华盛顿智囊机构在一份题为“地球生命征兆2007—2008”的报告中指出，从肉类消费量的不断增长到亚洲经济发展等各种全球性态势与气候变化这一显著问题都有关系。 “地球声明征兆2007—2008”项目的负责人说，“我认为气候变化是人类有史以来所面临的最严峻的挑战”。 在报告公布前，阿萨多利安在接受记者的电话采访时说， 【T2】 “我们可以看到气候蛮化中出现的众多趋势，比如，粮食生产受到洪涝灾害的影响：以及肉类生产，据统计，家禽饲养过程中所产生的温室气体占温室气体总排放量的20％”。 阿萨多利安说，【T3】 这份报告的主题是，二氧化碳排放及其他生态灾难引起气候变化，“不可持续”的消费模式才是气候变化的罪魁祸首。

问答题In this section, you are required to write a 300-word essay on the topic "Art or Science?" You can write according to the outline given. Please write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET. Art or Science? Some disciplines are called art and some disciplines are called science. For example... Art refers to... Science refers to... In conclusion...

问答题Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises

问答题As Apple prepares to report what(analysts project)may be the company's first year-over-year quarterly earnings decline in a decade on Tuesday, it is also grappling with jittery investors and a recent share-price plunge that has wiped about $ 280 billion off its market capitalization since its stock reached a high of $ 702. 10 last September. 【T1】 Much of the investor nervousness is rooted in how Wall Street is treating and valuing the Cupertino, Calif. , company as a traditional hardware maker . One camp of analysts and some investors said there is strong evidence that Apple should be viewed in a different light: as a software-hardware hybrid. The distinction matters. If it continues to be seen as a hardware business, Apple's streak—driven by products like the iPhone and iPad—could run out quickly as smartphones and tablets get commoditized and consumer tastes change. 【T2】 It is a lesson learned by companies like BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion Ltd. , whose tech hardware was quickly eclipsed by products from Apple itself. If Apple is classified as a software-hardware hybrid, the company could be valued more like Internet and software makers that have recurring revenue streams and that often trade at higher price-to-earnings ratios than hardware firms. "The market views Apple as a consumer hardware company tied to product cycles that drive volatile revenue and earnings streams," says Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huber-ty. 【T3】 But that view isn't complete, she says, since "Apple customers buy into a brand that offers ease of use similar to companies like Amazon, com or enterprise companies like NetApp. " An Apple spokesman declined to comment ahead of Tuesday's earning report. With Wall Street categorizing Apple as a hardware maker, investors value the company—which made an astounding $ 13 billion in profits in the quarter ended in December—at 8. 6 times expected earnings per share for the next 12 months. Investors are currently valuing Hewlett-Packard Co. , which made $ 1. 2 billion in profits during its most recent quarter, at a price-to-earnings ratio of 5. 6. Troubled PC maker Dell Inc. , whose stock price inflated after signing a buyout deal earlier this year, trades at a P/E ratio of 8. 5. Apple's gross margins are around 40%, an important-measure of the company's efficiency at making money. That is roughly twice as high as H-P's and Dell's. Apple has characteristics that differ from many other hardware businesses. 【T4】 Its customers often upgrade their Apple products annually, far more frequently than the four-year PC upgrade cycles typically found at tech hardware businesses including Hewlett-Packard or Dell. While H-P and Dell have tried beefing up the enterprise software side of their business, Apple's operating system and iTunes software is already ubiquitous. 【T5】 Apple also has more than 500 million accounts for its App Store tied to credit cards—and a customer base to sell new services to—giving it a recurring software and services revenue stream. Apple took in revenue of $ 3. 7 billion from iTunes and other software and services in its last quarter, or 7% of its total revenue.

问答题A. Title: To Have a Child or Not B. Your essay should be based on the OUTLINE below: (1) some married couples today choose not to have children. (2) my view and the reasons.

问答题46. The onrush of cheap communications, powerful computers and the Internet all explain why many people feel that, nowadays, change is happening ever more rapidly as technological progress accelerates. Moore's law, that the power of microchips doubles every 18 months, has been tested and found correct. This is what gives people the sense of a world shifting beneath their feet. 47. Yet the implication that rapid change is a new phenomenon is again misleading. If you measure the time it takes for a technology to become widely diffused, today's experience does not seem unusual. Take the car. The basic patent for an internal combustion engine capable of powering a car was filed in 1877. By the late 1920s-50 years later-over half of all American households owned a car. 48. The comparable dates for the computer are harder to tie down, but the first big computer, based on vacuum valves, was built in1946. The transistor-the first semiconductor device-was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1948. The first patent for an integrated circuit was filed in 1959. Now, in 1999-50 years after the first one was built-around half of American households own a computer. The pace of introduction has been similar to that of the car. 49. You have to cheat, choosing only the date for the personal computer, say (mid1970s), or the Internet (ditto) to make it seem much more rapid. Comparing its diffusion among private users is, you might say, unfair to the computer, for that machine's main use is in businesses. On that measure, the best historical analogy is with electrification, and the spread of the electric dynamo into factories. 50. According to Paul David, a historian at Stanford University in California, the first electricity-generating stations had been installed in New York and London in 1881, but it was well into the 1920s before the dynamo became widely used and started to raise productivity. The adoption of the computer in business has also been slow, and failed to have any measurable impact on productivity until very recently.

问答题The word "conservation" has a thrifty meaning. 16 To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had this foolish idea that the treasures were "limitless" and "inexhaustible". 17 Most of the citizens or earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others. For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyone"s daily life. To know about the water table (地下水位) in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and river must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. 18 We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man"s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 21. {{U}}We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual, growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality. In this sense thinking and language are linked together.{{/U}} What distinguishes the language of science from languages, as we ordinarily understand the word? How is it that scientific language is international? What science strives for is an utmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data. As an illustration, let us take the language of Euclidean geometry and algebra. They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts, respectively symbols, such as the integral number, the straight line, the point, as well as with signs which designate the fundamental concepts. This is the basis for the construction, respectively definition of all other statements and concepts. The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and the sensory data on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determined. 22. {{U}}The super-national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times. In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned to grasp general truths from particular observations.{{/U}} 23. {{U}}What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind? I do not think that this is the right way to put the question. Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankind. Once these goals exist, the scientific method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere. It would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding.{{/U}} 24. {{U}}Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem--in my opinion--to characterize our age. If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run.{{/U}}

问答题56.Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind. In a newsreel theater the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won't stand much blowing up, and it won't stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in tike throes of a sneezing fit. 57. One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people--clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone's life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively- Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. 58. They struggle along with a goodwill and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpies the terrible discomfort of tight boots. They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite a fiction nor quite a fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe. 59. Practically everyone is a manic-depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly don't have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the bit hot fire which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels the heat.