问答题Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should private car owners be taxed for pollution? You are to write in three parts: In the first part, state clearly what your view is. In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

问答题Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 病人有权利，医生也有权利 曾经有一个阶段，医疗保健的典型模式是神权模式。“医生好像就是上帝，”卡罗琳．施密德说，“医生似乎什么都知道。随着护理变得更加复杂，这种模式也变得更温和了。我们进入了一个被称为父系的时代，这个时候医生就像父亲一样，知道什么对病人最好。” 随着医疗护理变得更加技术化，上述模式变成了我们所说的工程模式。这种情况下，人们与医生打交道的方式与跟一位工程师签合同差不多。因为这位工程师比你知识丰富，你信任他，让他接管并且做正确的事。 施密德女士说，近年来，“人们意识到一个问题——尤其是对那些即将从医学院校毕业的年轻医生们——通过媒体对医疗知识的传播，病人的经验更加老到，A懂得更多。现在的理想模式已经变成了合作模式，医生和病人对医疗本质都有了进一步的了解。” 在这种医疗处理的新方法中，病人和医生作为团队进行合作。对病人的好处在于他们获得了很多权利，这是前所未有的。然而，就像言论自由也有限制一样——我们不允许在拥挤的剧院里乱喊“着火啦!”——病人的权利也是有限制的。 在这种合作模式中，施密德女士说，“你是在团队中做事。不管什么时候你与人共事，你们都是两个人，而且双方都有权利。病人知道他们想让自己接受什么治疗，这些是非常实在的权利。但医生知道自己有能力或者愿意做什么，这些要与他自己的个人道德和对健全的医疗行业的知识相一致。与上述两者中的任何一个背道而驰都像对他实施了暴力。” 在明尼苏达州，已经有法律认可的生前遗嘱表，你可以从医生、医疗保健提供者或者律师那儿得到它。这张表格会问你一些问题，来帮你理清临终医疗阶段你想要什么和不想要什么。 你不必将表格中的所有项都填满。比如，如果愿意的话，你可以什么都不填，只写上你代理人的名字，这个代表你说话的人不能将你的治疗决定公之于众。 很多人把生前遗嘱等同于“拔管子”。但是据莱蒙斯先生所说，“生前遗嘱并不意味着‘拔管子’。它还意味着把管子接到墙上的医疗仪器上，即做任何可能的事，因为它是你的意愿”。 生前遗嘱不用太复杂。事实上，它可以是一个简单的声明，如“如果两位医生都认为我是脑死亡，我就不想继续活下去了”。把一个人的愿望用白纸黑字写下来，可以清楚表明这个人真正想要的东西。 你可能会觉得生前遗嘱跟自己一点关系都没有。事实上，法律也没有要求。它只是一个工具，帮你确保你可以得到你想要的治疗。如果你没有生前遗嘱，医生会询问你的至亲。任何情况下医生都会尽责地运用他们的知识和经验，在治疗的任何阶段帮你作出最好的决定。只有你自己才能决定是否使用这个工具。 注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。

问答题TOPICAs a young scientist, which life would you prefer to live: common or uncommon? Why?

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ. The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge. {{U}}I have met such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce, but whose points of view were appalling.{{/U}} (1) Such persons have erudition (the quality of being knowledgeable), but no discernment, or taste. Erudition is a mere matter of stuffing facts or information, while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment. {{U}}In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between a man's scholarship, conduct, and taste or discernment.{{/U}} (2) This is particularly so with regard to historians; a book of history may be written with the most thorough scholarship, yet be totally lacking in insight or discernment, and in the judgment or interpretation of persons and events in history, the author may show no originality or depth of understanding. Such a person, we say, has no taste in knowledge. To be well-informed, or to accumulate facts and details, is the easiest of all things. {{U}}There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind, but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view.{{/U}} (3) An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. {{U}}Now to have taste or discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, an independence of judgment, and an unwillingness to be knocked down by any form of fraud, social, political, literary, artistic, or academic.{{/U}} (4) There is no doubt that we are surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of frauds: fame frauds, wealth frauds, patriotic frauds, political frauds, religious fraud and fraud poets, fraud artists, fraud dictators and fraud psychologists. When a psychoanalyst tells us that the performing of the functions of the bowels (道) during childhood has a definite connection or that constipation (便秘) leads to stinginess of character, all that a man with taste can do is to feel amused. (5) {{U}}When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven't.{{/U}}

问答题Write a composition with the title "Is University Expansion a Good Thing?" based on the following given outline. Your composition should be about 150 English words. Please write your composition on ANSWER SHEET 2. Outline: 1. Some people say that the recent increased enrollment of university students is a good thing. 2. Others hold the opposite view. 3. Your opinion. Please illustrate your point with adequate evidence.

问答题{{B}}TOPIC{{/B}} What's your idea of the statement "Publish or Perish"?

问答题Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic: Many universities and colleges offer qualification: through some sort of distance learning using the Internet, rather than by face-to-face contact in a classroom. In your opinion, do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages of learning in this way? You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

问答题我们都相信人总是要死的，一盏烛光总有一天要熄灭的，我认为这感觉是好的。它使我们清醒，使我们悲哀，它也使某些人感到一些诗意。此外还有一层最为重要：它使我们能够坚定意志，去想过一种合理的、真实的生活，随时使我们感悟到自己的缺点。它也使我们心中安宁，因为一个人的心中有了那种接受恶劣遭遇的准备，才能够获得安宁。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write a composition of at least 150 words on the title "Can Money Buy Happiness?" Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题21. The greatest achievement of humankind in its long evolution from ancient hominoid ancestors to its present status is the acquisition and accumulation of a vast body of knowledge about itself, the world, and the universe. The products of this knowledge are all those things that, in the aggregate, we call "civilization", including language, science, literature, art, all the physical mechanisms, instruments, and structures we use, and the physical infrastructures on which society relies. 22. Most of us assume that in modern society knowledge of all kinds is continually increasing and the aggregation of new information into the corpus of our social or collective knowledge is steadily reducing the area of ignorance about ourselves, the world, and the universe. But continuing reminders of the numerous areas of our present ignorance invite a critical analysis of this assumption. In the popular view, intellectual evolution is similar to, although much more rapid than, somatic evolution. Biological evolution is often described by the statement that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"--meaning that the individual embryo, in its development from a fertilized ovum into a human baby, passes through successive stages in which it resembles ancestral forms of the human species. The popular view is that humankind has progressed from a state of innocent ignorance, comparable to that of an infant, and gradually has acquired more and more knowledge, much as a child learns in passing through the several grades of the educational system. 23. Implicit in this view is an assumption that phylogeny resembles ontogeny, so that there will ultimately be a stage in which the accumulation of knowledge is essentially complete, at least in specific fields, as if society had graduated with all the advanced degrees that signify mastery of important subjects. Such views have, in fact, been expressed by some eminent scientists. In 1894 the great American physicist Albert Michelson said in a talk at the University of Chicago: 24. While it is never safe to affirm that the future of Physical Science has no marvels in store even more astonishing than those of the past, it seems probable that most of the grand underlying principles have been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice The future truths of Physical Science are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals.

问答题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the space provided on your Answer Sheet II. TOPIC What is the one thing that you"ve learned from doing sports which applies to all aspects of your life? Please use examples to illustrate your points.

问答题工作使人忙碌，让人不会感到寂寞、孤独。工作给人以充实感和成就感。研究表明，人们无事可做时会感到不愉快、忧虑、孤独。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。许多热爱事业、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作时最幸福。工作起到人与现实之间的桥梁作用：通过工作，人们彼此接触；通过集体活动，人们得到友谊和温暖。由此我们可以得出结论：工作能使人幸福，使人健康。

问答题College—A New Experience

问答题中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知，中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品，但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择：除传统家常菜外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休时间短，人们不愿在吃上花时间，因而各种快捷、便宜的快餐成了人们，特别是年轻人的首选。

问答题Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 现代医院是向伤病员提供医疗服务的众多机构之一，是人们最熟悉的，当然也是最复杂的机构。现代医院与过去的医院几乎没有什么相似之处。医学科学的进步给医疗服务领域带来了实质性的革命，为病人提供的服务质量有所提高，医疗卫生从业人员的职业需求有所增长；人们治疗伤病的方法种类增多。多年之前，从事医疗工作的人只能选择当医生、当牙医，或是在医院当管理人员，现在，可以在几百个与健康相关的职业中进行挑选。 一个现代化的医院需要配备经过多种专业训练的人员，这样才能为病人提供充分的服务。许多人时常忘记病人的多种需求，有人需要喂饭，有人负责医疗记录，有人负责清洁卫生，有人负责洗衣服。此外，还要有人负责人事工作，这些只是需要医务人员高效、妥善完成的无数工作中的一部分。医院过去并不那么复杂。印度公元四世纪就有医院。与其说是医院，倒不如说是病人疗养所，病人或者在那里康复，或者在那里死去。在古希腊和罗马，人们常常把寺庙用做医院。这些早期的医院是干净的、令人愉快的场所，但不留意病人的身体情况。医院这个名字实际上是来自拉丁文hospitium，意为“接待来客的地方”。英语单词hotel和hostel也出自同一词根。 在中世纪，教会担当了照顾病人的责任。医院仍旧被用做休息场所，但却逐渐声名狼藉。人们开始把那儿看成是污秽和死亡之地，设法避开它。难怪刚到新大陆的美国移民不想建立医院。直到1713年，William Penn才在费城定居区建立了第一家社区医院。 在19世纪，医学的进步改变了这一切。Louis Pasteur提供了细菌理论，Florence Nightingale使护理成为一项令人尊敬的职业。此后，世界各地医院数量显著增加。到1873年，仅美国就有近200家医院，现在则有7000多家。 医院的种类很多，最常见的是普通或社区医院。它能治疗不同年龄的病人及无数内科疾病和外伤。大多数病人的病是急性的，通常住医院时间不超过一周。 其他医院提供更专门化的治疗。有些医院治疗慢性疾病，并提供长期护理设施。有些医院只接收某一年龄段的病人，如儿童；或只接收患某种特殊疾病的患者，如结核病。 医院也可根据其财政来源来分类。世界上绝大多数医院由所在国政府负担经费。美国则不同，只有军队医院和一些专科医院由联邦政府、州或当地政府经营。美国的医院一般是私立的、非营利的机构。这些由个人赞助的医院通常附属于某些大学或宗教机构。其运转开支，部分来自政府的补助金，绝大部分收入来自个人的捐助和赠予。 注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。

问答题The agreement is overseen by the Committee on Agriculture which reviews progress in the implementation of commitments, and is required to monitor the follow-up on the Ministerial decision relating to the least-developed countries and net-food importing developing countries. "Peace" provisions within the agreement aim to reduce the likelihood of serious disputes or challenges on agricultural subsidies over a period of nine years. 57. The agreement was conceived as part of a continuing process with the long-term objective of securing substantial progressive reductions in support and protection in agriculture. It calls for further negotiations to be initiated before the end of the fifth year of implementation. 58. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (植物检疫的) Measures concerns the application of food safety and animal and plant health regulations. It recognizes governments' rights to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures but stipulates that they must be based on science, should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health and should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between members where identical or similar conditions prevail. Members are encouraged to base their measures on international standards, guidelines and recommendations where they exist, 59. However, members may maintain or introduce measures which result in higher standards if there is scientific justification or as a consequence of consistent risk decisions based on an appropriate risk assessment. 60. It is expected that members will accept the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of others as equivalent if the exporting Country demonstrates to the importing country that its measures achieve the importing country's appropriate level of health protection.

问答题The unprecedented U. S. economic boom of the last half of the 1990s was propelled by investment in digital technology. Investors sank billions of dollars into dot-com startups. Billions more were invested to solve the Y2K problem. Conversion to the euro required still more billions. together, these star-aligned events delivered an enormous economic stimulus. {{U}}(1)Between 1998 and 2000 ,capital spending's share of the economy was 23 percent higher than at the start of the'90s--and 18 percent higher than today. The weakened economy of the past three years represents the inevitable payback for that abnormal bulge.{{/U}} {{U}}(2) The good news is that the present economic softness has been cushioned by new technology.{{/U}} Sophisticated information systems have allowed companies to manage inventories more efficiently. today, aggregate nonfarm inventories in the United States, when measured against final sales, are 30 percent lower than the average for the past 40 years. So routine pullbacks in consumer spending should no longer be followed by severe inventory corrections, which worsen recessions. In fact, the brief, eight-month recession from March to November 2001 is the shortest of the nine recessions since World War Ⅱ. {{U}}(3) The bad news is that companies are using new technology to displace higher-cost human effort.{{/U}} Indeed, annual productivity is increasing by 2 percent, the economy is growing at 3 percent and the stock market is recovering, but unemployment is at 6 percent Granted. that's below the average rate of 7 percent from 1979 to 1994, but it's above the 5 percent average of the past nine years. {{U}}(4)As consumers, we appreciate the lower-cost, higher-quality goods coming from both U. S. and overseas sources. As shareholders, we applaud better corporate returns. But as wage earners, we are distressed at job insecurity and losses.{{/U}} {{U}}(5) Given the unrelenting pressure on businesses to reduce costs to remain competitive, given the power of new technologies to displace workers, and given the lure of lower-labor-cost nations for offshore production and services, how can unemployment be minimized while the overall economy grows?{{/U}} The only long-run solution is innovation. Innovative products and services are essential to generate new businesses and jobs so the economy can grow at the pace needed to absorb available labor: 4 to 5 percent. New work will require retraining because new businesses are likely to be heavily dependent on knowledge workers; there will be a premium on education. Whatever might be the new technologies that will stimulate economic expansion, they will depend on an educated work force. America must have the social and political will to address the educational demands of this high-technology-driven era.

问答题The agreement is overseen by the Committee on Agriculture which reviews pro gress in the implementation of commitments, and is required to monitor the follow-up on the Ministerial decision relating to the least-developed countries and net-food importing de veloping countries. "Peace" provisions within the agreement aim to reduce the likelihood of serious disputes or challenges on agricultural subsidies over a period of nine years.

问答题世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1979年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。 如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13.7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。 和欧洲相比，中国面临老龄化危机的进程更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1.78亿增长到2.21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口有半数是独居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金字塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市不能给人们提供足够的就业机会。 出生于1962年到1972年这十年间的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3000万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有600万到700万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。