填空题inadequate precious for example fund program auto-deployed explorer install cost robotic unforseeable require picture crew launch demonstrate reason flexibility space expensive Criticism of human space flight comes from many quarters. Some critics point to the high 1 of manned missions. They contend that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has a full slate of tasks to accomplish and that human space flight is draining 2 from more important missions. Other critics question the scientific value of sending people into space. Their argument is that human space flight is a(n) 3 "stunt" and that scientific goals can be more easily and satisfactorily accomplished by 4 spacecraft. But the actual experience of astronauts and cosmonauts over the past 40 years has decisively shown the merits of people as 5 of space. Human capability is required in space to install and maintain complex scientific instruments and to conduct field exploration. These tasks take advantage of human 6 experience and judgment. They demand skills that are unlikely to be automated within the foreseeable future. A program of purely robotic exploration is 7 in addressing the important scientific issues that make the planets worthy of detailed study. Many of the scientific instruments sent into space 8 careful emplacement (放置) and alignment (排列) to work properly. Astronauts have successfully deployed instruments in Earth orbit and on the surface of Earth"s moon. In the case of the 9 telescope, the repair of the originally flawed instrument and its continued maintenance has been ably accomplished by space shuttle 10 on servicing missions. From 1969 to 1972 the Apollo astronauts carefully set up and aligned a variety of experiments on the lunar surface, which provided scientists with a detailed 11 of the moon"s interior by measuring seismic (地震的) activity and heat flow. These experiments operated flawlessly for eight years until shut down in 1977 for fiscal rather than technical 12 . Elaborate robotic techniques have been envisioned to allow the remote emplacement of instruments on planets or moons. 13 , surface rovers could conceivably install a network of seismic monitors. But these techniques have yet to be 14 in actual space operations. Very sensitive instruments cannot tolerate the rough handling of robotics deployment. Thus, the 15 versions of such networks would very likely have lower sensitivity and capability than their human-deployed counterparts do.

填空题Switzerland is (best) known for its (majesty) mountain range and (thousands) flock to the Alps each year to take advantage of (their) ideal skiing conditions. A. best B. majesty C. thousands D. their

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} This part consists of two short passages, In each, there are ten mistakes, One in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash ( — ) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash ( — ) . Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} How to Get Preserved as a Fossil (71) {{U}}Unfortunately the chances of any animal become a fossil are not very great,{{/U}} and (72) {{U}}the chances of a fossil then being discovered many thousand of years later are even less.{{/U}} (73) {{U}}It is not surprising that all the millions of animals that have lived in the past{{/U}} (74) {{U}}we actually have fossils of only very few{{/U}}. (75) {{U}}There are several ways into which, animals and plants may become fossilized{{/U}}. (76) {{U}}First, it is essential that the remains are buried, as though dead animals and plants are quickly destroyed{{/U}} (77) {{U}}if they remain exposed the air{{/U}}. Plants rot, while insects and hyenas eat the flesh and bones of animals. (78) {{U}}Finally, the few remaining bones soon disintegrate the hot sun and pouring rain{{/U}}. If buried in suitable conditions, however, animal and plant remains will be preserved. (79) {{U}}The same chemicals change sand and silt into hard rock will aim enter the animal and plant remains and make them hard too.{{/U}} (80) {{U}}When this happens, we say that they become fossilized.{{/U}}

填空题(It is said) that Einstein felt (very) (badly) about the application of his theories (to) the creation of weapons of war.A. It is said B. very C. badly D. to

填空题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} A series of experiments were carried out by B. Latane and J. Darley. They studied the reaction of bystanders to emergency situations. Since car accidents, drownings, fires, attempted suicide, and the like arouse feelings of fear and morbid interest, these situations attract large numbers of people who stand fascinated watching the event. Yet, it is a strange aspect of crowd behavior that often nothing is done to help the victim. {{U}} (71) {{/U}}Journalists writing of such events often claimed that this kind of behavior is due to apathy, indifference, or lack of concern. To account for any bystander's decision to act or not to act, the authors of the paper ask us to consider the basic characteristics of an emergency situation. Emergencies involve threat or harm certainly to the victim and possibly to those who try to help him (or her). The events are highly unusual, different from the normal course of life and also from each other.{{U}} (72) {{/U}}Since little secondhand wisdom on the subject is available, it is difficult to cope with a genuine emergency by relying on such worn-out clichés as "Women and children first" or "Send for the police." The authors tell us that it is perhaps surprising that anyone should intervene at all.{{U}} (73) {{/U}} Latane and Darley were interested, therefore, in trying to isolate the factors that make a person decide to act. It seemed to them that an individual is more likely to take action when he or she is alone than when part of a group. Latane and Darley theorized that when only one bystander is present, he or-she must judge the situation alone and decide whether to act or not. Only the bystander is responsible for the decision. The presence of other people, however, affects a person's assessment of the costs and rewards of intervention.{{U}} (74) {{/U}} The results of the experiments confirmed the theory. They showed that the immediate social environment is more important in determining a person's reaction to an emergency than are such vague cultural or personality concepts as "apathy" or "indifference." They also help to explain why the failure to intervene seems more common in large cities than in rural areas. In large cities, the members of the crowd that gathers do not take action because they do not feel individually responsible. They may be concerned, but they watch one another, uncertain of how to act, knowing that responsibility is shared. In rural areas, however, witnesses to an emergency are likely to be alone. They must take all the responsibility for their actions and are not made embarrassed or unsure by the presence of others.{{U}} (75) {{/U}} A. Thus, people have little experience with handling them. B. They are, therefore, more likely to come to the aid of the victim. C. The police asked some of the bystanders about the accident. D. The investigators had noted this phenomenon and asked themselves why in most cases bystanders do not act. E. This is because when there is a group, responsibility is diffused over all the members. F. But people do sometimes intervene.

填空题In Microsoft's latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded (46) its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts gen erated controversy as well as good (47) , with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of brib ery and their peers (48) unethical behavior. Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell (49) more than $2,200, from Microsoft. A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (50) had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (51) wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (52) by the new operating system, like photography and, oddIy, parenting. But while those on Microsoft's mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusi asm, many (53) bloggers soon objected—not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (54) rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (55) gifts from companies they cover.

填空题 How awful it would be to be a celebrity, always in the public eyes, Celebrities lead very. stressful lives, no matter{{U}} (51) {{/U}}glamorous or powerful they are, they have too little privacy, too{{U}} (52) {{/U}}pressure, and no safety. {{U}} (53) {{/U}}. one thing, celebrities don't have the privacy an ordinary person has. The most personal details of their lives are splashed all over the front pages of newspapers and magazines.{{U}}(54) {{/U}}a celebrity's family is hauled into the spotlight. Photographers hound celebrities at their homes, in restaurants, and{{U}} (55) {{/U}}the streets, hoping to get a picture of their idols. When celebrities try to do the things that normal people do, like eat{{U}} (56) {{/U}}or attend a football game, they{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the risk of being interrupted by thoughtless autograph hounds or mobbed by aggressive fans. {{U}} (58) {{/U}}addition to the loss of privacy, celebrities must cope{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the constant pressure of having to look great and act right. Their physical appearance is always{{U}} (60) {{/U}}observation, Famous women, especially,{{U}} (61) {{/U}}from the spotlight, drawing remarks like "She really looks old" or "Boy, has she put on weight". Unflattering pictures of celebrities are photographers' prizes to be sold to the highest bidder; this increases the pressure on celebrities to look good{{U}} (62) {{/U}}all times. Famous people are also under pressure to act calm under any{{U}} (63) {{/U}}. Because they are constantly observed, they have{{U}} (64) {{/U}}freedom to blow off steam or to do something just a little crazy. Most important, celebrities must deal with the stress of being in constant danger. The friendly grabs, hugs, and kisses of enthusiastic fans can quickly turn into uncontrolled assaults on a celebrity's hair, clothes, and car. Most people agree that photographers{{U}} (65) {{/U}}some responsibility for the death of one of the leading celebrities of the 1990s—Princess Diana.{{U}} (66) {{/U}}or not their pursuit caused the crash that took her life, it % clear she was chased as aggressively as any escaped convict{{U}} (67) {{/U}}bloodhounds. And celebrity can even lead to deliberately lethal attacks. The attempt to kill Ronald Reagan and the murder of John Lennon came about because 2 unbalanced people became obsessed with these world-famous figures. Famous people must live with the fact that they are always fair game—and never{{U}} (68) {{/U}}out of season, Some people{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of starring roles, their names in lights, and their picture on the cover of People magazine. But the cost is far too high. A famous person gives up private life, feels pressured to look and act certain ways all the time, and is never completely safe. And ordinary, calm life is far safer and saner{{U}} (70) {{/U}}a life of fame.

填空题He (could) easily (have won) a scholarship if he (would have devoted) more time to his school work. A. could B. have won C. would have devoted D. his school work

填空题Never before {{U}}I have{{/U}} seen anyone {{U}}who has{{/U}} the skill {{U}}John has{{/U}} when he {{U}}repairs{{/U}} cars. A. I have B. who has C. John has D. repairs

填空题{{B}}Passage A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You will hear a monologue. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you've heard for questions 11—15. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each blank. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.{{/I}} The author is mainly talking about ______. 11 Paper cutting and model making require great ______ and attention to detail. 12 Hobby will make your spare time interesting and ______. 13 Many people prefer ______ hobbies—sailing, cycling, and so on. 14 According to the author, the hobby will give you much ______. 15

填空题In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (51) half of the 19th century; most of (52) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day nursery movement received great (53) during the First World War, when (54) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established (55) in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. (56) the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose (57) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (58) , federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (59) the day nurseries, chiefly by (60) them and by inspecting and regulating the condition within the nurseries. The (61) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were (62) called up on to replace men in the factories. On this (63) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (64) $6,000,000 in July, 1942,for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (65) this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared (66) in daycare centers receiving Federal (67) Soon afterward, the Federal government (68) cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (69) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (70) at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.

填空题"Intercultural communication" is communication (51) members of different cultures. This definition is simple, (52) the process is complex. Intercultural communication involves differing perceptions, attitudes and interpretations. We know that even two people from the same (53) can have communication problems. People can unintentionally hurt each other by something they say or (54) . Isn't it logical, then, that communication problem can be (55) among people who do not have the benefit of shared experiences (i. e. , language and culture) 9. Cultures do not communicate; individuals (56) . Everyone has a unique style of communication, but cultures determine a general style for their members. The (57) of individual to his culture is (58) to an actor and his director. The actor puts his own personality into his acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director. We are not always aware of the subtle influences of our culture. (59) , we may not perceive that others are influenced by their cultures as well. Problems and misinterpretations do not result every time members from two cultures communicate. (60) , when cultural conflicts do arise, they may be perceived (61) personal rather than cultural. In the following example it is a (62) misunderstanding that creates negative feelings and confusion. A young woman from one culture is looking (63) of the window and sees a male acquaintance from another culture. He signals to her by puckering his lips . She quickly looks away from the window. Later she ignores him. He is confused and she is angry. The (64) was due to the woman's failure to understand the man's nonverbal signal. In her culture, his gesture conveys a sexual advance. According to his culture, he Was only saying (nonverbally) , "Oh there you are . I've been looking for you." The woman's misinterpretation resulted (65) her angry reaction and his (66) . If the two had known more (67) each other's nonverbal cues, they could have (68) the cultural conflict. Some misunderstandings are insignificant and can be easily (69) or remedied. (70) conflicts are more serious in that they can cause misinterpretations and create persistent negative attitudes toward foreigners.

填空题Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lureshoppers.A.offeredB. deepC.in the bidD.to lure