单选题Consider the universal cannibalism of the sea, all of whose creatures ______ one another.

单选题The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on ______.

单选题To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.

单选题There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams. Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources. Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by single corporation, investment in innovation—a risky and expensive budget item—might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monopolistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giants faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares. The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.

单选题In the service of knowledge, scientists also train the most skilled component of the work force ______ to the employers.

单选题The upshot of all this was that travelling had become Uprecarious/U.

单选题A thorough study of biology requires ______ with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts. A. acquisition B. discrimination C. curiosity D. familiarity

单选题At first I guessed it was an airplane, but I soon changed my mind because it remained {{U}}static{{/U}} instead of moving like a plane.

单选题In applied investigation, ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage Six{{/B}} Although solutions to a problem are often the. fruit of direct investments in targeted research, the most revolutionary solutions tend to emerge from cross-pollination with other disciplines. Medical investigators might never have known of X rays, since they do not naturally occur in biological systems. It took a physicist, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, to discover them--light rays that could probe the body's interior with nary a cut from a surgeon. Here's a more recent example of cross-pollination. Soon after the Hubble Space Telescope was launched in April 1990, NASA engineers realized that the telescope's primary mirror--which gathers and reflects the light from celestial objects into its cameras and spectrographs-had been ground to an incorrect shape. In other words, the billion-and-a-half-dollar telescope was producing fuzzy images. As if to make lemonade out of lemons, though, computer algorithms came to the rescue. Investigators developed a range of clever and innovative image-processing techniques to compensate for some of Hubble's shortcomings. Tums out, maximizing the amount of information that could be extracted from a blurry astronomical image is technically identical to maximizing the amount of information that can be extracted from a mammogram. Soon the new techniques came into common use for detecting early signs of breast cancer. In 1997, for Hubble's second servicing mission, shuttle astronauts swapped in a brand-new, high-resolution digital detector-designed to the demanding specs of astronomers whose careers are based on being able to see small, dim things in the cosmos. That technology is now incorporated in a minimally invasive, low-cost system for doing breast biopsies, the next stage after mammograms in the early diagnosis of cancer. Today, cross-pollination between science and society comes about when you have ample funding for ambitious, long-term projects. America has profited immensely from a generation of scientists and engineers who, instead of becoming lawyers or investment bankers, responded to a challenging vision posed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. "We intend to land a man on the Moon," proclaimed Kennedy, welcoming the citizenry to aid in the effort. That generation, and the one that followed, was the same generation of technologists who invented the personal computer. Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, was thirteen years old when the U. S. landed an astronaut on the Moon; Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, was fourteen. The PC did not arise from the mind of a banker or artist or professional athlete. It was invented and developed by a technically trained workforce, who had responded to the dream unfurled before them, and were thrilled to become scientists and engineers.

单选题The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra industrial-wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another. A. pitted B. drove C. kept D. embarked

单选题Young women from every state ______ for the title of Miss America.

单选题Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the ______ of parting. A. jealousy B. relief C. anguish D. appreciation

单选题Despite almost universal __________ of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world.

单选题Why are Democrats and some Republicans concerned that the project will erode civil Liberties?

单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax [A] efficiency [B] revenues [C] privileges [D] validity

单选题Where in our brain do we ______ meanings to words?