单选题Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology they proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embrace the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city. One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cites introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aide for industrial or commercial development.

单选题Although punctual himself, Dr. Smith was quite used ______ late for the appointments.

单选题Among the most enduring of all horrors is the prospect of a slow, painful death. Those who witness the protracted terminal illness of a friend or relative often view the eventual death more as a relief than a tragedy. But to make life-or-death decisions on behalf of a dying person unable to communicate his or her wishes is to enter a moral and legal minefield. Could a doctor be sued for withholding treatment and allowing someone to dieor for not allowing him or her to die? Could it ever be lawful to withhold food and water? Legal moves are afoot which may settle these questions. Recently, a group on voluntary euthanasia proposed legislation to make documents known as "Advance Directives", or Living Wills, legally binding. An Advance Directive sets out the kind of medical treatment a person wishes to receive, or not receive, should he or she ever be in a condition that prevents them expressing those wishes. Such documents, much in vogue in the US and some Commonwealth countries, are becoming increasingly popular in Britain. A clear distinction must be drawn between actions requested by an Advance Directive, and active euthanasia, or "mercy killing". A doctor who took a positive step such as giving a lethal injection-to help a patient die would, as the law stands, be guilty of murder or aiding and abetting suicide, depending on the circumstances. An Advance Directive, however, requests only passive euthanasia: the withholding of medical treatment aimed solely at sustaining the life of a patient who is terminally ill or a vegetable. The definition of medical treatment, in such circumstances, can include food and water. The enforceability of the Advance Directive stems from the notion, long accepted in English law, that a person who is both old enough to make an informed decision and compos mentis, is entitled to refuse any medical treatment offered by a doctor, even if that refusal leads to the person's death. A doctor who forces treatment on a patient against his or her wishes is, therefore, guilty of an assault. Case law exists in the US and several Commonwealth countries that extends this right of autonomy over one's life to patients who write an Advance Directive refusing treatment and subsequently lose their previously made instructions any differently.

单选题When DK says "I wish I knew the answer to that," what he wants to mean is ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} More than a quarter of American children--and half of black children--belong to families too poor to fully qualify for the ＄1,000-a-year child tax credit, which President Bush signed four years ago and has cited in arguing that his program of sweeping tax cuts helps low-income families, a new study has found. With an annual value of $47 billion, the credit is the government's largest children's subsidy and one that has provoked sharp partisan fights. Many conservatives, viewing it solely as a tax cut, want to reserve the credit for families that owe federal income tax. Many liberals, vie-wing it as a broader children's allowance, want to extend it to poorer workers, who they say need it most. Still, the study found that the families of 19.5 million children were too poor to receive the full ＄1,000 benefit. About half get a partial benefit, and half get nothing. Newt Gingrich, the former Republican House speaker, expressed surprise at the racial gap. "That's a stunning number," he said, referring to the half of black children who fail to receive the full credit. "I'd find a way to make sure those kids get the money as part of a broader post-Hurricane Katrina plan." Framed as middle-class tax relief, the credit passed in 1997 and offered ＄500 per child to families that owed income tax. It was doubled in 2001 and made partly available to families too poor to have income tax bills. Len Burman, a co-director of the tax center and the study's author, said it might actually exaggerate the amount going to the poor since it assumed all eligible families received the credit. In practice, studies suggest that poor and minority families claim tax credits at lower rates. Told of the study, which will be published Monday, some conservatives repeated their opposition to making the credit more of an antipoverty program. Mr. Mitchell said that low-wage workers received a total of ＄39 billion a year from a similar program, the earned income tax credit. "It's not like they're not getting any redistribution from the government," he said. "We want less income redistribution, not more." Both sides in child tax credit debate have cast their arguments in moral terms. "The income gap is wide and growing," Ms. Snowe said. "We're talking about giving a helping hand to families who through no fault of their own are at or near poverty." Mr. Mitchell of the Heritage Foundation said income redistribution was morally problematic, since it punished people for economic success. He also called it economically inefficient, arguing that it discouraged work among both rich and poor.

单选题In a competitive and fast-paced modern society, busy business executives are so______their work that they hardly know what the word leisure means.

单选题Two trucks were reported to have ______head-on yesterday.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)

单选题He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and ______ of their criticism or censure.

单选题A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter. A. forged B. currency C. substituted D. cash

单选题Dear Dr. Benjamin, Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General. Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to 51 health disparities among underserved populations, no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans. Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy. Dr. Koop focused on smoking prevention. Dr. Satcher one of 52 mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health. We encourage you to build your own legacy 53 concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles -- a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective. This also is an important issue for Members of Congress, many of whom believe that 54 prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative. ACSM, the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world, 55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span. During this crucial period of health system reform, we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing, 56 promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost. In fact, ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office, focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is MedicineTM program, a program that 57 calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine. As you are 58 aware, physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions -- such as heart disease, type II diabetes, and obesity –that currently plague our country. Your example as 59 whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed. Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed, we would 60 the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we, along with other leading health organizations, can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity. Again, Dr, Benjamin, I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes. Sincerely, James Pivarnik, Ph.D., FACSM President, American College of Sports Medicine

单选题Many agents quit and say they are leaving because they are ______ and want better pay and more humane working conditions, including less travel. A. reverted to B. backed up C. fed up D. thrust in

单选题Mary has brown hair. In fact, it's quite similar in shape ______ yours.

单选题Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage’sdescriptionoftheissueraisedbyunconditionalguaranteesforhealthcareorlegalservices？

单选题After the death of the father, the oldest son______ the burdens of the family.

单选题 Whenever two or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincidental relationship between them. The high Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau certainly have extraordinary physical characteristics, and the cultures which are found there are also unusual, though not unique. However, there is no intention of adopting Montesquieu's view of climate and soil as cultural determinants. The ecology of a region merely poses some of the problems faced by the inhabitants of the region, and while the problems facing a culture are important to its development, they do not determine it. The appearance of the Himalayas during the late Tertiary Period and the accompanying further raising of the previously established rages had a marked effect on the climate of the region. Primarily, of course, it blocked the Indian monsoon (季风) from reaching Central Asia at all. Secondarily, air and moisture from other directions were also reduced. Prior to the raising of the Himalayas, the land now forming the Tibetan uplands had a dry continental climate with vegetation and animal life similar to that of the rest of the region on the same parallel, but somewhat different than that of the areas farther north, which were already drier. With the coming of the Himalayas and the relatively sudden drying out of the region, there was a severe thinning out of the animal and plant population. The ensuing incomplete Pleistocene glaciations (冰蚀) had a further thinning effect, but significantly did not wipe out life in the area. Thus after the end of the glaciations there were only a few varieties of life extant from the original continental species. Isolated by the Kunlun range from the Tarim basin and Turfan depression, species which had already adapted to the dry steppe climate, and would otherwise have been expected to flourish in Tibet, the remaining native fauna and flora (动植物群) multiplied. Armand describes the Tibetan fauna as not having great variety, but being "striking" in the abundance of the particular species that are present. The plant life is similarly limited in variety, with some observers finding no more than seventy varieties of plants in even the relatively fertile Eastern Tibetan valleys, with fewer than ten food crops. Tibetan "tea" is a major staple, perhaps replacing the unavailable vegetables. The difficulties of living in an environment at once dry and cold, and populated with species more usually found in more hospitable climates, are great. These difficulties may well have influenced the unusual polyandrous (一妻多夫的) societies typical of the region. Lattimore sees the maintenance of multiple-husband households as being preserved from earlier forms by the harsh conditions of the Tibetan uplands, which permitted no experimentation and "froze" the cultures which came there. Kawakita, on the other hand, sees the polyandry as a way of easily permitting the best householder to become the head husband regardless of. age. His detailed studies of the Bhotea village of Tsumje do seem to support this idea of polyandry as a method of talent mobility is a situation where even the best talent is barely enough for survival. In sum, though arguments can be made that a pre-existing polyandrous system was strengthened and preserved (insofar as it has been) by the rigors of the land, it would certainly be an overstatement to lay causative factors of any stronger nature to the ecological influences in this case.

单选题John's new car can______ from 10 mph to 60 mph in a few seconds.

单选题The sentence "... AMR, Corp's American Airlines, the world's biggest carder, could follow later this year" ( Paragraph 7) can best be restated as ______.