问答题Title: Students Taking Part-time Jobs Outline: 1. 有人认为大学生打工好 2. 有人认为大学生打工不好 3. 我的看法

问答题Some people insist that only today and tomorrow are the most important. But how much poorer we would be if we really lived by that rule! So much of what we do today is frivolous and futile. So much of what we hope to do tomorrow never happens. The past is the bank in which we store our most valuable possession: the memories that give meaning and thickness to our lives. Those who truly treasure the past will not bemoan the passing of the good old days, because days enshrined in memory are never lost. Death itself is powerless to still a remembered voice or erase a remembered smile.

问答题You are supposed to write a note to Mr. Peter Kelly, who is a visiting professor at your department, asking him to arrange a time to discuss the outline of your paper. 1. The note should begin with "Professor ..." ; 2. The note should end with "Zhang Ping"; 3. The note should give a brief introduction to your paper, such as the topic and major points.

问答题1．在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事是 ______。 2．使我难忘的原因是： ______。 3．它对我后来的影响是： ______。

问答题Our world is developing at an unprecedented rate today, which is certainly a good thing in most people' s eyes. However, the side effects of development have become noticed by more and more people. Actually, there is substantial controversy over this accelerating trend of social development among the public. Write a composition of about 300 words on the topic: Is the End of the World at Hand?

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin160-200words.B.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow.Outline:1.Interpretthegraph.2.Suggestcounter-measures.3.Giveadviceforjobseekers.

问答题3．我对中国大学英语教学改革的看法与建议。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Computers are permeating almost every aspect of our lives, including many areas previously untouched by technology. 1. {{U}}But unlike such other pervasive technologies as electricity, television and the motor car, computers are on the whole less reliable and less predictable in their behavior. This is because they are discrete state digital electronic devices that are prone to total and catastrophic failure. Computer systems, when they are "down," are completely down, unlike electromechanical devices, which may be only partially down and are thus partially usable.{{/U}} Computers enable enormous quantities of information to be stored, retrieved, and transmitted at great speed on a scale not possible before. 2. {{U}}This is all very well, but it has serious implications for data security and personal privacy because computers are inherently insecure. The recent activities of hackers and data thieves in the United States, Germany, and Britain have shown how all-too-easy it still is to break into even the most sophisticated financial and military systems. The list of scams perpetrated by the new breed of high-tech criminals, ranging from fraud in airline-ticket reservations to the reprogramming of the chips inside mobile phones, is growing daily.{{/U}} Computers systems are often incredibly complex--so complex, in fact, that they are not always understood even by their creators (although few are willing to admit it). This often makes them completely unmanageable. Unmanageable complexity, can result in massive foul-ups or spectacular budget "runaways." For example, Jeffrey Rothfeder in Business Week reports that Bank of America in 1988 had to abandon a $20-million computer system after spending five years and a further $60 million trying to make it work. Allstate Insurance saw the cost of its new system rise from $8 million to a staggering $100 million and estimated completion was delayed from 1987 to 1993. Moreover, the problem seems to be getting worse: in 1988 the American Arbitration Association took on 190 computer disputes, most of which involved defective systems. The claims totaled $200 million--up from only $31 million in 1984. 3. {{U}}Complexity can also result in disaster: no computer is 100 percent guaranteed because it is virtually impossible to anticipate all sorts of critical applications, such as saving lives, flying aircraft, running nuclear power stations, transferring vast sums of money, and controlling missile systems--sometimes with tragic consequences. For example, between 1982 and 1987, some twenty-two servicemen died in five separate crashes of the United States Air Force's sophisticated Blackhawk helicopter before the problem was traced to its computer-based "fly-by-wire" system.{{/U}} At least two people died after receiving overdoses of radiation emitted by the computerized Therac 25 X-ray machines, and there are many other examples of fatal computer-based foul-ups. Popular areas for less life-threatening computer malfunctions include telephone billing and telephone switching software, and bank-teller machines, electronic funds-transfer systems, and motor-vehicle license data bases. Although computers have often taken the "blame" on these occasions, the ultimate cause of failure in most cases is, in fact, human error. Every new technology creates new problems as well as new benefits for society, and computers are no exception. 4. {{U}}But digital computers have rendered society especially vulnerable to hardware and software malfunctions. Sometimes industrial robots go crazy, while heart pacemakers and automatic garage door openers are rendered useless by electromagnetic radiation or "electronic smog" emitted from point-of-sale terminals, personal computers, and video games.{{/U}} Automated teller machines (ATMs) and pumps at gas stations are closed down because of unforeseen software snafus. The cost of all this downtime is huge. 5. {{U}}For example, it has been reported that British businesses suffer around thirty major mishaps a year, involving losses running into millions of pounds. These are caused by machine or human error and do not include human misuse in the form of fraud and sabotage. The cost of failures in domestically produced software in the United Kingdom alone is conservatively estimated at $ 900 million per year.{{/U}} In 1989, a British Computer Society committee reported that much software was now so complex that current skills in safety assessment were inadequate and that therefore the safety of people could not be guaranteed.

问答题我国的技术曾经改变了世界的面貌。早在公元一世纪我国就发明了造纸术，1000年后又发明了火药。在公元1500年前的整整1000年间，我国无疑是世界上技术最先进的国家。 但是此后的中国闭关锁国，错过了工业革命，数百年停滞不前，并受到西方列强的欺凌达 100年之久。今天，改革开放的中国站在一场技术复兴运动的前列。外国资本开始以前所未有速度涌入我国，技术产业因此而受益。中外投资者都认为，软件、电信、材料技术、生物工艺和保健技术是中国的强有力的核心技术。 然而，我国新兴的技术产业面临着巨大的挑战，只有战胜这些挑战，才能恢复历史的辉煌。我们必须正视这些挑战，学习和利用西方先进的技术和管理经验，创造新发明，开发新产品。 中国科学院附属沈阳自动化研究所证明，中国有能力把理论软件技术同工程技术结合起来。这家研究所曾经引进了美国一家公司的技术、自动控制装置样品、零部件和培训项目。通过技术引进和技术转让，现在该所的技术和软件同美国的不相上下。但是要使技术不断更新，开发更先进的产品，沈阳自动化研究所需要大量的资金投入。研究所需要新的外国合作伙伴。

问答题筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。全国各地的筷子大小基本一样，而用材的种类则各有不同。选材包括竹子、木材、象牙、塑 料、铝、银、金等。特长的竹筷通常为厨房用筷。过去人们用嵌有银器的木筷来测试是否有人在餐中下毒，因为银器碰到许多有毒品都会起变色反应。

问答题 Without doubt, the international relations appear at times bewildering. Students may at times feel that their efforts to understand the complexities of the international system today are futile. The task is a difficult one, but it is not futile. It requires patience and persistence as well as logical inquiry and flexible perspectives. 71. {{U}}As the examples just given often illustrate, contemporary international events are regularly interrelated; our task of achieving understanding is therefore further complicated because seemingly unrelated events in different areas of the world may over a period of time combine to affect still other regions of the globe.{{/U}} Events are demonstrably interdependent, and as we improve our ability to understand the causes of and reasons behind this interdependence, we will improve our ability to understand contemporary international relations. How can our task best be approached? Throughout history, analysts of international relations have differed in their approaches to improving understanding in their field. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, for example, the study, of international relations centered around diplomatic history. Who did what to whom at a particular time and place were the main features of the method of diplomatic history. This methodology concentrated on nation-states as the main actors in international relations and included the study of the major diplomats and ministers of the period. Detailed accuracy, was required and obtained, but seldom were causal connections or comprehensive analyses sought. 72. {{U}}As a means for understanding a particular series of events, diplomatic history was (and is) excellent; as a means for understanding a particular sweep of international relations or for developing a theoretical basis for the study of international relations, diplomatic history was (and is) of limited utility.{{/U}} Whereas diplomatic history sought to explain a particular series of events, other methodologies were developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries that viewed international relations on a global scale. 73. {{U}}Strategic and geopolitical analyses, methodologies in wide use even today, trace their roots to concepts developed by the U. S. Admiral Alfred Mahan during the late 19th century, and British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder during the early 20th century.{{/U}} To Mahan the world's oceans were its highways, and whoever controlled its highways could control the course of international relations. Mahan bases most of his analysis on Great Britain and its Royal Navy. Partly because of the urgings of Mahan, the United States on Great Britain and its fleet during the late 19th century and actively sought and acquired territorial possessions in the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, Samoa Guam and the Philippines.

问答题BTOPIC/B As a young scientist, which life would you prefer to live: common or uncommon? Why?

问答题Write a composition of at least 250 words based on the topic "Trust". Your writing should include the following information.1．当今社会出现了信任危机。2．分析这种现象的危害。3．有哪些解决方法。

问答题 21 When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can to keep your space-probes sterile (无菌的). NASA, America"s space agency, certainly does so. After all, you would not want bugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive. But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar system was young. For Dr Mileikowsky has taken a century-old idea called panspermia (有生源说), and shown that it is plausible. 22 Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it (assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place, "infecting" new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in biology, geology and celestial mechanics, Dr Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds. 23 Bungling (笨手笨脚的) space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites (流星). Most of these are small bits of junk from the asteroid (小行星) belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rock-decent-sized asteroids or comets. 24 If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep inside rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size. 25 If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surface—where, if anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.

问答题It is commonly acknowledged that honesty is the best policy but just what is meant by honesty and why is it the best policy? And what is meant by best? The implications of being honest would seem to be obvious, but if we look more deeply, (1) there are advantages to adopting honesty as a way of living that do not at first present themselves clearly. (2) There are hidden benefits in being honest that are beyond the traditional perceptions about what being honest affords us. Honesty is least of all about what we say and most of all about how we are. (3) It is most important to understand that honesty cannot even be restricted to the definition of our actions, for there is a whole network of behavior that is affected by our degree of honesty and the degree to which we allow honesty to saturate our lives. The absolute nature of honesty sees to it that we cannot apply it selectively. It is quite impossible to be truly honest with one person while all the other lying to ourselves about someone else. It is not realistic to assume that we can maintain a dishonest relationship with one friend and maintain an honest relationship with another. Friendship could not exist if we were able to perform such a feat. (4) It is true then, that honesty applies not only to the words we say and the things we do, but also in the feelings we feel and how we allow those feelings to impact on our lives and on our perception of our lives. (5) It is not commonly recognized that honesty applies as much to our relationship with our feelings as it does to any other aspect of our lives and yet perhaps this is the most important in terms of how it affects us. It must be remembered that usually our feelings are the most significant representatives of our relationship with ourselves. In a sense, our feelings and what we do about those feelings essentially define our outlook on life. It is easily demonstrated in the media that individuals are often defined by how they feel about issues. For example, if an individual is opposed to abortion, they will be described as an "anti-abortionist". If an unruly dog attacks someone's child, then a likely description could be "outraged parent". Perhaps a group of local people objects to something happening in their street, a possible description might read "angry residents".

问答题Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women's emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference", or equity as distinct from equality. They contend that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women's procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and cerebrates (崇尚) women's quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities. Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought and which, still predominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well-established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender- blind system with equal rights for all. Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to emphasize women's special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers. They demanded special treatment for women, including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework. Relational arguments have a major pitfall: because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.