问答题Most of us tell one or two lies a day, according to scientists who study these things. And we rarely get caught, because the lies we tell are usually little ones: "I got stuck in traffic." "That color looks good on you." "I was just about to call." But even the smallest fib may soon be systematically exposed, at least in the virtual world. Researchers at several universities are developing software that can detect lies in online communications such as instant messages e-mails and chatrooms. The ability to spot "digital deception", as researchers call it, has never been more crucial. Today, much of our business and social life is conducted online, making us increasingly vulnerable. White collar criminals, sexual predators, scammers, identity thieves and even terrorists surf the same Web as the rest of us. Conventional lie detectors look for physiological signs of anxiety- a bead of sweat or a racing pulse--but online systems examine only the liar's words. "When we're looking at language, we're looking at the tool of the lie," says Jeff Hancock, an assistant professor of communication and a member of the faculty of computing and information science at Cornell University. Hancock, who recently received a $680,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study digital deception, says there is a growing body of evidence that the language of dishonest messages is different than that of honest ones. For example, one study led by Hancock and due to be published this spring in Discourse Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages. Liars also tend to use fewer first-person references (such as the pronoun 'T') and more third-person references (such as "he" and "they"). This may be the liar's subconscious way of distancing himself from his lie. More surprising, Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns. For instance, people who are being deceived often use shorter sentences and ask more questions. Even though they may not be aware that they are being lied to, people seem to exhibit subconscious suspicions. To identify the patterns of deceit, Hancock has developed an instant-messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the deceptiveness of each message they send. The system has already collected 10,000 messages, of which about 6 percent qualify as patently deceptive. Eventually the results will be incorporated into software that analyzes incoming messages. For now, the Cornell researchers are working only with the kinds of lies told by students and faculty. It remains to be seen whether such a system can be scaled up to handle "big" lies, such as messages sent by con artists and terrorists. Fortunately, the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing, Hancock speculates. "An e-mail generates multiple copies," he says. "It will last longer than something carved in rock." So choose your words carefully. The Intemet may soon be rid not only deceit but also of lame excuses.

问答题There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to regress. 10 Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading according to the type of reading matter and to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading it. 11 In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps re-reading them several times and pass more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material, which requires special concentration at difficult points. 12 A type of reading which necessitates careful attention to detail is proofreading, in which the reader, in order to detect misprints in a sample print, has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text. This is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed to overlooking such details. In fact, considerable practice is required to practice this task efficiently and it can be done only by reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively little attention to the general meaning of the text.

问答题The man whose life is centered around producing, selling and consuming commodities transforms himself into a commodity. He becomes increasingly attracted to that which is man-made and mechanical, rather than to that which is natural and organic. Many men today are more interested in sports cars than in women; or they experience women as a car which one can cause to race by pushing the right button. 22. Altogether they expect happiness is a matter of finding the right button, not the result of a productive, rich life, a life which requires making an effort and taking risks. In their search for the button, some go to the psychoanalyst, some go to church and some read "self-help" books. But while it is impossible to find the button for happiness, the majority are satisfied with pushing the buttons of cameras, radios, television sets, and watching science fiction becoming reality. One of the strangest aspects of their approach to life is the widespread lack of concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons; a possibility people are consciously aware of. 23. The explanation, I believe, is that they are so frightened of the possibiliW of their personal failure and humiliation that their anxiety about personal matters prevent them from feeling anxiety about the possibility that everybody and everything may be destroyed. Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never-ending personal anxiety. Am I suggesting that modem man is doomed and that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. 24. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and the full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

问答题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Science and Humanity. The essay should be based on the outline below: 1. Your position on the topic; 2. Positive side of the issue; 3. Negative side of the issue; 4. Your suggestions.

问答题You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You and your family had dinner in a restaurant a few nights ago. The service at the restaurant was terrible and the food was had. You and two of your family members had severe stomachaches the following day. The food was also overpriced. Write to the manager of the restaurant and explain these problems. Give any details that you think ave relevant. Ask the manager to do something about the situation. You should write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir/Madam,

问答题It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Discuss. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题老子在中国传统思想史上的主要贡献表现在：一是提出了抽象的“道”，突出了宇宙的统一性，使中国传统思想从具体思维转向创造性的抽象思维：二是丰富发展了辩证法思想，使辩证思想成为中国古代思想的光荣传统：三是提出了一种逆向思维的模式，使道家思想与儒家思想并立互补，成为中国传统思想的两大主干思想。

问答题美国政党唯一的最大弱点是不能在立法机关获得凝聚力。尽管政党内部存在一定的协调性，但是多数党不能执行重要法规的现象并不罕见。在竞选运动期间，存在很强的协调性。初选以后，失利的候选人都承诺要支持党内的候选人。到国会召开会议时，协凋性已经消失。这种现象可以归因于党派政治的分裂本质。国家委员会的成员们只不过是从名义上获得奴仆们效忠的一些封建领主，国会议员把自己的权力建立在狭隘的基础之上。因此，国会议员很可能关心当地的一些特殊利益集团。这种迹象体现在参议院和众议院选举方式的差异之中。在任期更长的参议院，政党的协调性更加显著。

问答题Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the following topic on the Answer Sheet(2): Opportunity and Success.

问答题“经济软着陆”，“让经济刹车”不少这类描述金融政策的词语听起来令人觉得这是一门严谨的科学。事实上绝非如此。利率与通货膨胀率之间的联系并不是确定的。政策变化对经济产生影响这些会出现为时不短而且变化莫测的滞后期。因此人们将金融政策的实施比喻为驾驶一辆挡风玻璃灰暗、后视镜破碎而且方向盘失灵的破车。 虽然有这么多不利因素，但近来央行的银行家们似乎有了不少可以夸耀的东西。七大工业国经济的通货膨胀率去年平均降到了2.3%，接近三十年以来的最低水平，今年七月才微微上扬到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代早期的两位数通货膨胀率低多了。 这也比大多数预言家的预测要低。《经济学家》每月都要邀请一些经济专家座谈，1994年底特邀的经济专家们说，1995年美国的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5%。事实上，八月份就降到了2.6%，而且，全年的通货膨胀率有望维持在3%左右。在英国和日本通货膨胀率比去年年底预计的低半个百分点。这决不是昙花一现，在过去两三年里，英美两国的通货膨胀率持续低于预期数值。 特别让经济学家惊诧不已的是，英美两国的通货膨胀率带来的是良性结果，因为传统的衡量办法表明两国，特别是美国的经济几乎没有出现滑坡。比如，在今年早些时候，美国的生产力利用率创历史新高，而失业率(八月份为5.6%)却低于多数人预测的自然失业率。而在过去，失业率低于此，通货膨胀率就会上升。 为什么通货膨胀未造成什么冲击?可惜的是，最令人振奋的解释也不是无懈可击。某些经济学家认为，巨大的世界性的结构变化已打破了原有的以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的旧的经济模式。

问答题Genius The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and (56) its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement. (57) The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful. Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. (58) Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful— such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance. Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. (59) The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort. (60) Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensifiers. A distinguished teacher and president of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the power of lighting one's own fire. Buffon said of genius "it is patience".

问答题调查表明，很少有人能够完全献身于自己的事业。

问答题You are required to write about 200 words on the following topic: "Greediness is the root of all evil".

问答题When there is a heavy rain in the north of China, cities and towns are often flooded. But heavy rains in southern cities seldom pose severe problems. When there is a heavy snow in the south of China, cities and towns often run into chaos. But heavy snows in the north seldom pose severe problems. What should city planners do to deal with this and what do you think of the different ways of dealing with it?

问答题Write an essay in no less than 200 words entitled "Opportunities and Challenges with the Coming of Globalization ".

问答题Passage One How to Get Preserved as a Fossil

问答题大学教育的最终目标是什么?这是一个经常萦绕在心头的极为重要的问题。大学教育阶段是一个人一生中价值观得以形成、个人的兴趣和爱好凸现的时期。学生们是处于人生期望值最高的时候步人大学校园的。因此，大学教育应该使学生们拥有坚实的基础教育，并在某——专业领域有所特长；应该使学生们充满想像力，学以致用；学校应该鼓励每位学生提高在生活以及行为中明辨常理的能力。大学的目的不是向学生进行思想灌输，而是让他们在思想的国度里畅游，为他们提供良好的氛围，以培养正确的伦理道德观，并形成坚定的信念。

问答题{{U}}(1)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of culture achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).{{/U}} Apart from these sciences is philosophy about which we will talk shortly. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial (一体的) to man. (2) {{U}}What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man.{{/U}} (3) {{U}}The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.{{/U}} But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. (4) {{U}}Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians.{{/U}} Let me recall a well known example. It the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic (圆锥的) sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. (5) {{U}}Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would nor have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly{{/U}}.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. In the spring of 1720, when all of London was clamoring for shares in the South Sea company, Sir Isaac Newton was asked what he thought about the market. "I can calculate the motions of the heavenly bodies, but not the madness of the market", the scientist and master of the mint is reputed to have replied. 71. {{U}}Newton should have considered seriously his own wise words. Having sold his ￡7, 000 of stock in the company, he later bought back in at the top of the boom and went down for ￡20, 000.{{/U}} Like all the other mug punters in every bout of speculative fever, Newton was cleaned out when the crash came. Little has changed in the intervening 280 years. 72. {{U}}Common to every bubble is the deeply-rooted belief that this time it will be different, that the rise in the price of an asset is rooted in the sound common sense rather than in recklessness, stupidity and greed.{{/U}} Take the crash of 1929 for example. In his excellent book charting the sad history of bubbles, John Moody, the founder of the credit agency intoned in 1927 that "no one can examine the panorama (全貌) of business and finance in America during the past half-dozen years without realizing that we are living in a new era." The Yale economist Irving Fisher declared a few weeks before the October crash that stock prices had reached a "permanently high plateau". Why was this? Simple. The creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913 had abolished the business cycle, while technological breakthroughs had created a "new economy" that was much more profitable than the old. 73. {{U}}As share prices continued their heady rise, traditional methods of stock market valuations were abandoned. It did not matter that many of the start-up companies of the late 1920s were not making any money, what counted was that some day they surely would.{{/U}} So share prices were justified by discounted future earnings.

问答题In this part, you are asked to write an essay according to the outline given. Your composition should be about 200 words. Remember to write clearly and logically. After writing, please check your composition in terms of the following writing basics: unity, support, coherence, and error-free sentences. Significance of Education on TV(1)电视教育为许多人提供了受教育的机会。(2)电视教育起的作用。(3)政府应采取的措施。