单选题The negotiations which ______ the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)

单选题Women on high heels suggest that ______.

单选题The repetitions that concern Domhoff A(pertains) largely to repetitions within an individual's dream history. But there is B(a sense in which) all dreamers dream C(each other's dreams) in the form of so-called universal dreams, which are D(the equivalent of) literary archetypes.

单选题Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "reengineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish — "the worst sort of ambulance cashing".

单选题He ______ killed last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the city.

单选题The strong scent of Kate's perfume ______ the air in the small room.

单选题There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so 21 with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you"d think this was a new sort of 22 which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary, 23 an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do. 24 , you could be led to believe that we are the only 25 capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest of nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after 26 , it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more "natural", as we say. An elm in our backyard 27 the blight (枯萎病) this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend 28 was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but 29 alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his 30 of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone 31 . The dying 32 a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It 33 to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks 34 the cat to make him drop the mouse, 35 the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.

单选题Tom was glad that his success would ______ for those who would follow.

单选题By mentioning the 1964 report on smoking, Jeffrey Koplan implied that ______.

单选题 Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major {{U}}(61) {{/U}} to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful {{U}}(62) {{/U}} on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system {{U}}(63) {{/U}} the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the construction and {{U}}(64) {{/U}} of most highways, the {{U}}(65) {{/U}} of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily {{U}}(66) {{/U}} for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation {{U}}(67) {{/U}} are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private {{U}}(68) {{/U}} in, many ways, for the {{U}}(69) {{/U}} of assuring that business serves the best {{U}}(70) {{/U}} of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a(n) {{U}}(71) {{/U}}, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable {{U}}(72) {{/U}}, but limits their ability to raise prices {{U}}(73) {{/U}}, since the public depends on their services. Often control is {{U}}(74) {{/U}} to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of {{U}}(75) {{/U}} in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by {{U}}(76) {{/U}} tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also {{U}}(77) {{/U}} the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to {{U}}(78) {{/U}} and individuals. For example, tariffs {{U}}(79) {{/U}} certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to {{U}}(80) {{/U}} better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.

单选题According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is ______

单选题The husband' s story and his wife' s story ______each other.

单选题Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings. The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates; until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC's response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10% ; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics — including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School. Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.

单选题Experiments suggest that season of birth dramatically affects the speed ______ the body clock ticks. A. at which B. for which C. on which D. in which

单选题The problem is inherent and _______in any democracy,but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians.

单选题What does the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?

单选题While big corporations______global business news, small companies are charging into overseas markets at a faster pace.

单选题The writer does not believe that ______.