单选题From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are, allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person's driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much, stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specification for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.

单选题Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his ______ and fell off.

单选题I ______ are often paid because of long service, special merit, or injuries received.

单选题There are still some ______ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.

单选题The neighbors do not consider him quite ______ as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing.

单选题When an eight-lane steel-truss-arch bridge across the Mississippi River in Minneapolis collapsed during the evening rush hour on August 1st 2007, 13 people were killed and 145 were injured. There had been no warning. The bridge was 40 years old but had a life expectancy of 50 years. The central span suddenly gave way after the gusset plates that connected the steel beams buckled and fractured, dropping the bridge into the river. 【R6】______The St Anthony Falls bridge, which opened on September 18th 2008 and replaces the collapsed structure, should do just that. It has an embedded early-warning system made of hundreds of sensors. They include wire and fibre-optic strain and displacement gauges, accelerometers, potentiometers and corrosion sensors that have been built into the span to monitor it for structural weaknesses, such as corroded concrete and overly strained joints. 【R7】______Another example is the six-lane Charilaos Trikoupis bridge in Greece, which spans the Gulf of Corinth, linking the town of Rio on the Peloponnese peninsula to Antirrio on the mainland. This 3km-long bridge, which was opened in 2004, has roughly 300 sensors that alert its operators if an earthquake or high winds warrant it being shut to traffic, as well as monitoring its overall health. These sensors have already detected some abnormal vibrations in the cables holding the bridge.【R8】______ The next generation of sensors to monitor bridge health will be even more sophisticated. For one thing, they will be wireless, which will make installing them a lot cheaper.【R9】______ Dr Lynch is the chief researcher on a project intended to help design the next generation of monitoring systems for bridges. He and his colleagues are also looking at how to make a cement-based sensing skin that can detect excessive strain in bridges. Individual sensors, says Dr Lynch, are not ideal because the initial cracks in a bridge may not occur at the point the sensor is placed.【R10】______He is also exploring a paint-like substance made of carbon nanotubes that can be painted onto bridges to detect corrosion and cracks. Since carbon nanotubes conduct electricity, sending a current through the paint would help engineers to detect structural weakness through changes in the paint's electrical properties.A. The new Minneapolis bridge joins a handful of "smart" bridges that have built-in sensors to monitor their health.B. The kilometers of wire needed to connect sensors to central computers can add significantly to the system's cost, according to Jerome Lynch of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.C. By 2025 all bridges in American will have been equipped with this advanced technology.D. A continuous skin would solve this problem.E. In the wake of the catastrophe, there were calls to harness technology to avoid similar mishaps.F. Engineers then installed additional weights as dampeners.

单选题Retailers (offered) deep (discounts) and extra hours this weekend (in the bid) (to lure) shoppers.

单选题leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will ______ worry about being late.

单选题But probably the fullest statement of the doctrine of the rule of law occurs in the work of William Paley, the "great codifier of thought in an age of codification". It deserved quoting at some length: "The first maxim of a free state, "he writes, is, that the laws be made by one set of men, and administered by another;in other words, that the legislative and the judicial character be kept separate. When these offices are unified in the same person or assembly, particular laws are made for particular cases, springing often times from partial motives, and directed to private ends: whilst they are kept separate, general laws are made by one body of men, without foreseeing whom they may affect;and, when made, must be applied by the other, let them affect whom they will…When the parties and interests to be affected by the laws were known, the inclination of the law makers would inevitably attach to one side or the other;and where there were neither any fixed rules to regulate their determinations, nor any superior power to control their proceedings, these inclinations would interfere with the integrity of public justice. The consequence of which must be, that the subjects of such a constitution would live either without constant laws, that is, without any known pre-established rules of adjudication whatever;or under laws made for particular persons, and partaking of the contradictions and iniquity of the motives to which they owed their origin. "Which dangers, by the division of the legislative and judicial functions, are in this country effectually provided against Parliament knows not the individuals upon whom its acts will operate;it has no ease or parties before it; no private designs to serve consequently, its resolutions will be suggested by the considerations of universal effects and tendencies, which always produce impartial and commonly advantageous regulations. " With the end of the eighteenth century, England's major contributions to the development of the principles of freedom came to a close. Though Macaulay did once more for the nineteenth century what Hume had done for the eighteenth, and though the Whig intelligentsia of the Edinburgh Review and economists in the Smithian tradition, like J. R. MacCulloch and N. W Senior, continued to think of liberty in classical terms, there was little further develop-ment The new liberalism that gradually displaced Whiggism came more and more under the influence of the rationalist tendencies of the philosophical radicals and the French tradition. Bentham and his Utilitarians did much to destroy the beliefs that England had in part preserved from the Middle Ages, by their scornful treatment of most of what until then had been the most admired features of the British constitution. And they introduced into Britain what had so far been entirely absent—the desire to remake the whole of her law and institutions on rational principles. The lack of understanding of the traditional principles of English liberty on the part of the men guided by the ideals of the French Revolution is clearly illustrated by one of the early apostles of that revolution in England, Dr. Richard Price. As early as 1778 he argued;"Liberty is too imperfectly defined when it is said to be a Government of LAWS and not by MEN. If the laws are made by one man, or a junto of men in a state, and not by common CONSENT, a government by them is not different from slavery. "Eight years later he was a-ble to display a commendatory letter from Turgot; "How comes it that you are almost the first of the writers of your country, who has given a just idea of liberty, and shown the falsity of the notion so frequently repeated by almost all Republican Writers. ' that liberty consists in being subject only to the laws? '" " From then onward, the essentially French concept of political liberty was indeed progressively to displace the English ideal of individual liberty, until it could be said that in Great Britain, which, little more than a century ago, repudiated the ideas on which the French Revolution was based, and led the resistance to Napoleon, those ideas have triumphed. "Though in Britain most of the achievements of the seventeenth century were preserved beyond the nineteenth, we must look elsewhere for the further development of the ideals underlying them.

单选题______ from her contract, De Havilland sued the studio and, after a two-year battle, won her case in a landmark decision that benefited all contract actors.

单选题The technical-social way of life is a deep feature of the species adaptation, but we would err if we assumed a priori that man's inheritance placed no constraint on his power to adapt.

单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence ______ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years. A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated

单选题The chances of a repetition of those unfortunate events are ______ in deed. A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow

单选题 The high unemployment rates of the early 1960s occasioned a spirited debate with, in the economics profession. One group found the primary cause of unemployment in slow growth and the solution in economic expansion. The other found the major explanation in changes that had occurred in the supply, and demand for labor and stressed measures for matching demand with supply. The expansionist school of thought, with the Council of Economic Advisers as its leading advocates, attributed the persistently high unemployment level to a slow rate of economic growth resulting from a deficiency of aggregate demand for goods and services. The majority of this school endorsed the position of the Council that tax reduction would eventually reduce the unemployment level to 4% of the labor force with no other assistance. At 4%, bottlenecks in skilled labor, middle-level manpower, and professional personnel were expected to retard growth and generate wage-price pressures. To go beyond 4%, the interim goal of the Council, it was recognized that improved education, training and retraining, and other structural measures would be required. Some expansionists insisted that the demand for goods and services was nearly satiated and that it was impossible for the private sector to absorb a significant increase in output. In their estimate, only the lower-income fifth of the population and the public sector offered sufficient outlets for the productive efforts of the potential labor force. The fact that the needs of the poor and the many unmet demands for public services held higher priority than the demands of the marketplace in the value structure of this group no doubt influenced their economic judgments. Those who found the major cause of unemployment in structural features were primarily labor economists, concerned professionally with efficient functioning of labor markets through programs to develop skills and place individual workers. They maintained that increased aggregate demand was a necessary but not sufficient condition for reaching either the CEA's 4% target or their own preferred 3%. This pessimism was based, in part on the conclusion that unemployment among the young, the unskilled, minority groups, and depressed geographical areas is not easily attacked by increasing general demand. Further, their estimate of the numbers of potential members of the labor force who had withdrawn or not entered because of lack of employment opportunity was substantially higher than that of the CEA. They also projected that increased demand would put added pressure on skills already in short supply rather than employ the unemployed, and that because of technological change, which was replacing manpower, much higher levels of demand would be necessary to create the same number of jobs. The structural school, too, had its hyperenthusiasts. Fiscal conservatives who, as an alternative to expansionary policies, argued the not very plausible position that a job was available for every person, provided only that he or she had the requisite skills or would relocate. Such extremist positions aside, there was actually considerable agreement between two main groups, though this was not recognized at the time. Both realized the advisability of a tax cut to increase demand, and both needed to reduce unemployment below a point around 4%. In either case, the policy implications differed in emphasis and not in content.

单选题The ______ on a bank note is virtually invisible on a flat surface.

单选题In Action Painting, the paint is sometimes ______ onto the canvas.

单选题Europe as a ______ unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own. A. incidental B. apparent C. cohesive D. descendent

单选题So far (the story) is from being true that (I was surprised) anyone (could have believed) it (was)so.

单选题In spite of a problem with the ______ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.