单选题You must obtain ______ from the authorities to fish in this river.

单选题David likes country life and has decided to ______ fanning.

单选题The continuous unrest was _______ the nation's economy. A. exaggerating B. aggravating C. amending D. fastening

单选题After working through the heat of the day, they enjoyed refreshing themselves with a supply of ______iced lemonade. A. insufficient B. copious C. inferior D. scarce

单选题We are meant to live dangerously and should not be sheltered. Life is a perilous adventure; its richness is in its ______. A. hazards B. security C. peace D. length

单选题One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simply ______ when better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching. A. resolved B. absolved C. dissolved D. solved

单选题Looming over the debate about human interference in the world's boreal forests is an as yet unanswerable question: Will the effects of global warming eventually dwarf man's impact?

单选题Scholars often seem to operate on the assumption that any analysis with a rosy outlook simply does not adequately understand the matter at hand. Ecotourism researchers have not been derelict in this regard, as the literature review earlier showed. All the researchers who have looked at Capirona's project, however, have been impressed by its grassroots nature and are optimistic about its potential as eco-development (Colvin 1994; Wesche 1993; Silver 1992). All of these researchers, however, visited the community in its early years of operation. As mentioned previously, recent, non-scholarly reports are less positive. Thus there remains some doubt as to the long-term viability of even such a model of indigenous ecotourism development as Capirona. This study originally proposed to study Capimna's project, but that community was weary of such research visits and refused a request to carry out the study there. Palo Blanco, though completing only its first year of ecotourism developmemt was chosen as an alternate site. Perhaps it should not be surprising that the prospects for ecotourism in Rio Blanco appear, as they did in Capirona quite bright. Ecotourism development efforts differ from mainstream development efforts in that, aside from start-up loans, much or all of the continuing financial support comes from tourists rather than from governments or development agencies. As a result, the two main players many ecotourism endeavor—the hosts and the guests—are driven by differing motivations. The local population hopes to improve its own lot by taking advantage of the curiosity, disposable income, and in some cases, perhaps, good intentions of ecotourists. The tourists want to "explore the natural wonders of the world," whether that be a wildebeest migration across the Serengeti or the march of leaf-cutter ants across the jungle floor (Ryan and Grasse 1991: 166). In contrast to mass tourism, ecotourism permits tourists to seek educational self-fulfillment in the form of travel, and tries to transform that activity into something that benefits the greater good—specifically, to fund environmental preservation, rural development, and even cultural survival. However, in order to satisfy everyone—tourists, environmentalists, tour operators and the local hosts—ecotourism must bring into aliganment a variety of contradictory purposes. Ecotourism promotes feelings among tourists that they are part of the solution when, in fact, the very act of flying a thousand miles or more to their destination consumes resources and pollutes the enviroment (cf. Somerville 1994). The beauty of ecotourism is that it can exploit this egotistic motivation; the flaw is that it is forever limited by it. Even a brief foray into development literature, however, shows that flawed conceptualizations are the rule, not the exception. As development, ecotourism may be no more inchoate than any other approach, and in some ways it is as progressive as any theory. For example, ecotourism twin development goals—conserving the environment and benefiting local peoples—are increasingly seen, both within and outside of tourism circles, as interdependent. Without economic development, many argue that environmental conservation is neither ethical nor sustainable (Boo 1990: 1; West and Brechin 1992: 14; Brandon and Wells 1992). Such conservation can be achieved only by providing local people with alternative income sources which do not threaten to deplete the plants and amamis within the protected zone (Brandon and Wells 1992: 557). Most research on this issue, however, assumes that the protective regulations have been established by the government or another external ageacy. In Rio Blanco, however, the people themselves are already acting to protect their land.

单选题According to paragraph 3, one significant difference between the father's and mother's role in child-rearing is ______.

单选题During the conference, very few deputies considered ______ to visit the Great Wall.

单选题More than 11,000 traffic lights and "Don't Walk" signals in New York City have been switched to light-emitting diodes that use 90 percent less energy than conventional fixtures. More than 180,000 energy-guzzling refrigerators in public housing projects have been replaced with new ones that use a quarter of the power of the old ones. For years, New York has been the city that not only never sleeps, but the city that hardly ever remembers to turn the lights out. On the coldest days of winter, New Yorkers raise their windows to let out the heat. In the dog days of summer, a husky could freeze in the open doorway of a Fifth Avenue boutique. But now, measures like more efficient traffic lights and refrigerators are speeding up a long trend making New York one of the most energy-efficient cities in the nation--and officials in cities like Portland and Seattle that might, in the public mind, seem more environmentally conscious are taking notice. Though the savings represent just a portion of the 5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity the entire city uses in a year, the innovation and ease of the efficiency measures have attracted attention. New York's energy diet is based on a simple formula--a blend of local legislation, state assistance and an awareness of the city's own position as an 800-pound gorilla in the energy market. "Eventually what happens here starts to hap-pen around the country," said Ashok Gupta, director of the air and energy program for the Natural Resources Defense Council. "The market that New Yorkers provide is clearly an important factor in moving the rest of the country. That's the way markets work." And that market dynamic helps make New York an energy efficiency laboratory. Environmental groups expend much of their own energy to help shape legislation in New York because they realize that it is an efficient way to kick-start national programs. Manufacturers are also attuned to New York's latest trends and needs because the market is simply too big to ignore. "What's different here is that we are promoting the idea of energy efficiency, using less energy and not necessarily saying that anyone has to do without," said Eugene W. Zehman, president of the New York Power Authority. "If we use energy more wisely there will be more energy for people to consume and less energy for us to produce." "Counter to what most non-New Yorkers might think, New York is a very progressive city for green building," said Jim Himes, director of the Enterprise Foundation office in New York. The mass transit system, multifamily housing, mixed neighborhoods and the fact that developments never go up on virgin land anymore, all make building in New York very energy-efficient. "It's easier to be green here." Mr. Himes said.

单选题Question 21-25 are based on the following passage:

单选题Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _________ fan base.

单选题The members of the dub voted to ______ the meeting until after lunch.

单选题A theory is an organized set of principles that is designed to explain and predict some phenomenon. Good theories also provide specific testable predictions, or______, about the relation between two or more variables.

单选题When the colonel learned that headquarters had been unable to send him reinforcements, he ______ the order for the scheduled attack. A. countermanded B. relinquished C. rephrased D. invalidated

单选题As the guests entered, the elderly hostess welcomed them with cordiality .

单选题Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing their own image in a mirror acts as a social stimulus. But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal a potential companion or threat? This question is interest for a number of reasons. Apart from curiosity about the level of animals' understanding, research on self-recognition in animals has several benefits. It provides some insight into the evolutionary significance of this skill of self- recognition and into the level and kinds of cognitive competence that the skill requires. Such research also indicates the kinds of learning experiences that determine the development of self-recognition. In addition, work with animals fosters the use of techniques that are not dependent on verbal responses and that may therefore be suitable for use with preverbal children. The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. In a series of clever experiments, however, Gallup has shown that the chimpanzee does have this capacity. Gallup exposed chimpanzees in a small cage to a full-length mirror for ten consecutive days. It was observed that over this period of time the number of self-directed responses increased. These behaviors included grooming parts of the body while watching the results, guiding fingers in the mirror, and picking at teeth with the aid of the mirror. Describing one chimp, Gallup said, "Marge used the mirror to play with and inspect the bottom of her feet; she also looked at herself up-side down in the mirror while suspended by her feet from the top of the cage; she was also observed to stuff celery leaves up her nose using the mirror for purposes of visually, guiding the stems into each nostril. " Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. The chimps were anesthetized and marks were placed over their eyebrows and behind their ears, areas the chimps could not directly observe. The mirror was temporarily removed from the cage, and baseline data regarding their attempts to touch these areas were recorded. The data clearly suggest that chimps do recognize themselves, or are self-aware, for their attempts to touch the marks increased when they viewed themselves. Citing further evidence for this argument, Gallup noted that chimpanzees with no prior mirror experience did not direct behavior to the marks when they were first exposed to the mirror; that is, the other chimpanzees appeared to have remembered what they looked like and do have responded to the marks because they noticed changes in their appearance.