单选题Long treatment of the elderly drains funds from the health needs of other groups and from urgent social problems. A. restrains B. detains C. soars D. exhausts

单选题It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because______ .

单选题The purpose of the author in writing this passage is ____________ .

单选题 Passage 3 What do consumers really want? That's a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don't always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers' thoughts to get the truth. Now, in a way, that is possible. At the "Mind of the Market" laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers' skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. "The goal is not to manipulate people's preferences," says Kosslyn, "just to speak to their actual desires. "The group's findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products. The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a word). Correlations have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, "It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will be inclined to want those materials months later. " The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations — including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark — have already signed up to fund further investigations. For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments, but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads.

单选题They ______ themselves ______ the politician because they hoped he would become president one day. At last he did.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban{{U}} (41) {{/U}}. For centuries the progress of civilization has been{{U}} (42) {{/U}}by the rigid growth of cities. Now the world is{{U}} (43) {{/U}}to pass a milestone: more people will live in urban areas than in the countryside. Explosive population growth{{U}} (44) {{/U}}a torrent of migration from the countryside are creating cities that dwarf the great capitals of the past. By the{{U}} (45) {{/U}}of the century, there will be fifty-one "megacities" with populations of ten million or more. Of these, eighteen will be in{{U}} (46) {{/U}} countries, including some of the poorest nations in the world. Mexico City already{{U}} (47) {{/U}}twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank,{{U}} (48) {{/U}}of Africa's cities are growing by 10% a year, the swiftest{{U}} (49) {{/U}}of urbanization ever recorded. Is the trend good or bad? Can the cities cope? No one knows{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. Without question, urbanization has produced{{U}} (51) {{/U}}so ghastly that they are difficult to comprehend. In Cairo, children who{{U}} (52) {{/U}}might be in kindergarten can be found digging through clots of ox waste, looking for{{U}} (53) {{/U}}kernels of corn to eat. Young, homeless thieves in Papua New Guinea's Port Moresby may not{{U}} (54) {{/U}}their last names or the names of the villages where they were born. In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies{{U}} (55) {{/U}}into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.

单选题Livermore's computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting ______.

单选题The ______ of our civilization from an agricultural society to today's complex industrial world was accompanied by upheaval and, all too often, war. A. adjustment B. migration C. change D. route

单选题There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. there having been C. there was D. should there be

单选题To my surprise, at yesterday"s meeting he again brought ______ the plan that had been disapproved a week before.

单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7~8 hours'sleep alternation with some 16—17 hours' wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides【C1】______the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this【C2】______can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a【C3】______of growing importance in industry where automation【C4】______round-the-clock working of machines. It normally【C5】______form five days to one week for a person to adapt to a【C6】______routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night.【C7】______, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine【C8】______he has to change to another,【C9】______much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very【C10】______. One answer would seem to be【C11】______periods on each shift, a month, or even three months.【C12】______recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their【C13】______habits to sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any【C14】______to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose【C15】______may persist through all weekends and holidays.

单选题Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy — far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough ' common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. " Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.

单选题The brutal bombing of Yugoslavia by the U.S. and its NATO allies, which was claimed to have been made for the protection of human rights, resulted as a matter of fact in hundreds of thousands of______ fleeing to neighbouring countries.

单选题In a world increasingly fearsome and fragile, TV commercials represent an oasis of calm and reassurance. For six minutes in every hour, viewers know that they will be wafted away from this cruel world into an idealized well-ordered land. You and I may experience real life as largely harassed and chaotic but in the world of the TV commercials happy families may be relied upon to gather at breakfast-time for convivial bowls of cornflakes, their teeth free of decay, their hair innocent of dandruff, their shirts whiter than snow. TV advertising in Britain, obsessed with the symbols of the good life, exploits a yearning for evidence of old-fashioned security. Things were better in the old days: bread was crusty and beer was a man's drink. But in selling the idea of a better life, it strikes me that most British commercials fail in their primary function. I cannot be alone among those who usually remember everything about TV advertising except the product it is designed to publicize. In one superb commercial, a distinguished-looking Italian butler drives a car headlong into a vast dining-hall to serve champagne. What on earth was it selling? The champagne? The car? What car? Search me! Viewers reveled in the medium and forgot the message. American advertisers don't make such mistakes. A typical U. S. commercial features a woman in a kitchen holding a highly-visible bottle of something or other and selling it hard. No art, no craft, just the message. America sells the steak, while Britain sells the sizzle. A nation needs symbols. We need proof that lovely things still endure, like a team of shire horses criss-crossing the landscape at sundown. We want to be reminded that they still exist, that we may still come across pockets of sanity and beauty in a world less sane and less beautiful each day. TV commercials provide us with those symbols. They provide a link with the way we like to think we were. They help us to keep in touch with lost innocence.

单选题You probably know that it"s better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that"s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmer"s market). The explosion in 1 product and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely 2 development in the food industry. However, 3 till exists about exactly what the organic 4 means. Do you know the difference between a cereal that"s "organic", "100% organic", and "made with organic 5 "? The USDA has clearly defined standards that 6 which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at www. usda. gov. Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out 7 another new development in the food world: genetically 8 organisms (GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and 9 effects of these products of gene engineering, 10 there"s a chance they could lead to the 11 creation of "superweeds" or 12 with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www. saynotogmos. org. 13 you"re shopping, don"t forget to consider the companies behind the 14 names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion, 15 the other manufactures its corn flakes via 16 environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use 17 such as www. responsibleshopper. com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they 18 , and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues. Remember: 19 conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your 20 cart.

单选题A survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food shopping experience and are happy to ______ their way around the aisles searching out products. A. drive B. steer C. navigate D. voyage

单选题For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where ______.

单选题Playing violent video games can have immediate and lasting effects on a person's thoughts and behavior, new research shows. In fact, researchers report that the interactive and increasingly graphic mature of some video games makes them "potentially more dangerous" than violence-charged television and movies. Psychologists Anderson and Dill conducted two studies. In one study of 227 college students, the investigators found that students who more frequently played violent video games during junior high and high school were more likely to have engaged in " aggressive behavior". A second study in which 210 college students played either a violent or non-violent video game revealed that the violence-packed game increased subjects' aggression immediately afterwards. In the first study, the investigators questioned students on their natural levels of aggression and irritability, and their delinquent(犯法的)behavior — for instance whether they had bit other students in the past year. The investigators found that students with aggressive personalities and those who more often played violent video games were more prone to real-life aggression. Students who considered themselves aggressive were also more likely to play violet video games. Since aggressive people may seek out violet games, coming to the conclusion that the video games caused real-life delinquency is too risky. However, the second study lined video-game violence with immediate increases in aggression. Anderson and Dill had students play either a violent game or a nonviolent game and let the students believe they were playing against an opponent in another room after completing the video game, participants played a competitive-reaction game with their imaginary opponents, in this game the winner was allowed to publish the loser with a noise blast(响亮的噪音). The researchers found that students who were fresh from the violent video game blasted their opponents longer than those who played the nonviolent game. Because video games show short-term and long-term effects, Anderson and Dill suppose that videogame violence influences behavior not by arousing aggressive feelings, but by teaching players to find "aggressive solutions" to problems. Unlike TV, many video games demand that player identify with the aggressor and actively participate in violence.

单选题Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?【C1】______en event takes place, newspapers are on the street【C2】______the details.【C3】______anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic【C4】______. to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to【C5】______it. Radio, telegraph, television, and【C6】______inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.【C7】______. this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the【C8】______and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are【C9】______and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to【C10】______out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious【C11】______. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices【C12】______advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very【C13】______. Newspapers are sold at a price that【C14】______even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main【C15】______of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The【C16】______in selling advertising depends newspaper's value to advertisers. This【C17】______in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends【C18】______on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment【C19】______in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information【C20】______the community, city, county, state, nation and world — and even outer space.