单选题 However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the years as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers' conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children's misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home. What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents' minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters' capacities.

单选题Both versions of the myth — the West as a place of escape from society and the West as a stage on which the moral conflicts confronting society could be played out — figured prominently in the histories and essays of young Theodore Roosevelt, the paintings and sculptures of artist Frederic Remington, and the short stories and novels of writer Owen Wister. These three young members of the eastern establishment spent much time in the West in the 1880s, and each was intensely affected by the adventure. All three bed felt thwarted by the constraints and enervating influence of the genteel urban world in which they had grown up, and each went West to experience the physical challenges and moral simplicities extolled in the dime novels. When Roosevelt arrived in 1884 at the ranch he had purchased in the Dakota Badlands, he at once bought a leather scout's uniform, complete with fringed sleeves and leggings. Each man also found in the West precisely what he was looking for. The frontier that Roosevelt glorified in such books as The Winning of the West(four volumes, 1889-1896), mad that the prolific Remington portrayed in his work, was a stark physical and moral environment that stripped away all social artifice and tested an individual's true ability and character. Drawing on a popular version of English scientist Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory, which characterized life as a straggle in which only the fittest and hast survived, Roosevelt and Remington exalted the disappearing frontier as the last outpost of an honest and tree social order. This version of the frontier myth reached its apogee in Own Wister's enormously popular novels The Virginian(1902), later reincarnated as a 1929 Gary Cooper movie and a 1960s television series. In Wister's tale the elemental physical and social environment of the Great Plains produces individuals like his unnamed cowboy hero, " the Virginian," an honest, strong, and compassionate man, quick to help the weak and fight the wicked. The Virginian is one of nature's aristocrats-its-ill-educated and unsophisticated but uptight steady, and deeply moral. The Virginian sums up his own moral code in describing his view of God's justice; "He plays a square game with us. " For Wister, as for Roosevelt and Remington, the cowboy was the Christian knight on the Plains, indifferent to material gain as he upheld virtue, pursued justice, and attacked evil. Needless to say, the western myth in all its forms was far removed from the actual reality of the West. Critics delighted in pointing out that no one scene in The Virginian actually showed the hard physical labor of the cattle range. The idealized version of the West also glossed over the darker underside of frontier expansion — the brutalities of Indian warfare, the forced removal of the Indians to reservations, the racist discrimination against Mexican-Americans and blacks, the risks and perils of commercial agriculture and cattle growing, and the boom-and-bust mentality rooted in the selfish exploitation of natural resources.

单选题By dint of much practice, he became ______ and was able to sign his name with either hand. A. practical B. tricky C. ambiguous D. ambidextrous

单选题As I felt so much better, my doctor ______me to take a holiday by the sea.

单选题As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include ______.

单选题Every Thursday evening, I counsel a group of teenagers with serious substance abuse problems. None of the youngsters elected to see me. Typically, they were caught using drugs, or worse, by their parents or a police officer and were then referred to my clinic. To be sure, all the usual intoxicants--alcohol, marijuana and cocaine-are involved. But a new type of addiction has crept into the mix, controlled prescription drugs, including painkillers. This is hardly unique to my clinic. Several studies report that since 1992, the number of 12-to 17-year-olds abusing controlled prescription drugs has tripled. One of my patients, Mary, illustrates this trend all too well. Mary at 16 is a "garbage head", meaning that she will ingest anything she thinks will give her a high. Last December, she was taken to the hospital for an overdose of alcohol, and ketamine, a chemical cousin of angel dust that doctors sometimes use to anesthetize patients and that, more commonly, veterinarians use to sedate large animals. So where does this physically energetic teenager obtain her pills? Weeks earlier, she had an operation, a minor though uncomfortable procedure by any standards. The surgeon wrote a prescription for 80 tablets. Mary spent the next week in the addiction of the drug until her mother confiscated the last 20 tablets. At medical conferences, I hear colleagues fault parents who abuse and obtain these controlled substances but leave them easily accessible in their unlocked medicine chests where teenagers can help themselves. Other experts fault the Internet, where al-most anyone can obtain controlled prescription drugs from offshore pharmacies with a few clicks on a home computer. None of these targets come close to the real root of the problem. Many doctors are too quick to write prescriptions for these powerful drugs. The National Center for Addiction and Substance Abuse recently reported that 43.3 percent of all American doctors did not even ask patients about prescription drug abuse when taking histories; 33 percent did not regularly call or obtain records from a patient's previous doctor or from other physicians before writing such prescriptions; 47.1 percent said their patients pressured them into prescribing these drugs; and only 39.1 percent had had any training in recognizing prescription drug abuse and addiction. No one in pain--physical or psychic--should suffer. But the fact remains that we doctors still do the bulk of prescribing of the substances. The search for root causes of the epidemic with controlled substance abuse has to include doctors as active participants. A big part of the solution depends on reserving prescriptions for those who need, rather than de-sire, them.

单选题The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly______, most frequently by human intervention.

单选题She______ova the choice between the two dresses, which she considered equally good.

单选题With its publication in 1885, the Concord Public Library banned the book for "being more suited to the slums than to intelligent, respectable people". ______ , Clemens relished the ban and happily told his publisher the controversy would generate 25,000 in sales copies. A. Unattended B. Unbiased C. Undeterred D. Unbalanced

单选题For years, doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Now researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patient's own immune system. New vaccines and drugs can stimulate the production of an army of cells and antibodies that kill cancer cells. Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn't get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune system's ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didn't disappear. In August, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker's left adrenal gland. He received an experimental cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but the vaccine didn't stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland. To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it's too early to pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma, ' he said. Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccines on melanoma patients. "It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area. Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers. Immune therapy alone won't cure cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, researchers said. Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancers, the National Cancer Institute said.

单选题This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introduced to the American public by CBS' "60 Minutes," the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school districts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children. Last month, Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequently contained "unsafe" levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Consumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the public's first exposure to it was through news coverage. Not only does such reporting potentially drive children from consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a "safe" level of exposure. Briefly, the authors used values known as the "chronic reference doses," set by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of safety. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this average amount of pesticide every day for more than 25, 000 days. It is clear, as the report points out, that there are days on which kids may be exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days when exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards are meant to apply, there would have been no risks and no warnings. Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and vegetables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such foods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dramatically overwhelm the theoretical risks of tiny amounts of pesticides in food. So keep serving up the peaches, apples, spinach, squashes, grapes and pears.

单选题Everyone is required to______ his feet on the carpet to shake off the snow from his hoots before entering the shopping mall.

单选题Water will evaporate from any wetted surface. A .significantly large fraction of the rainfall that falls on land is returned to the atmosphere in this fashion. In addition water is assimilated by root systems of growing plants and is later transpired from the leaf surfaces by a process essentially identical to evaporation. The two effects, evaporation and transpiration, cannot be individually discriminated for their effectiveness in returning rainfall to the atmosphere, but their sum contribution can be evaluated and is usually called the evapotranspiration factor. The fraction of rain falling on the United States that is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration, for example, is 70 percent; for the world as a whole, approximately 62 percent. In arid countries such as Australia the fraction is larger, and in less arid areas such as the United Kingdom it is lower. Water returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration is unavailable to man, except in, the sense that useful plants may be grown in the place of useless ones. It cannot be trapped and redistributed for industrial or other purposes. In regions of low rainfall, plant cover will develop to a point where all precipitation is used in evapotranspiration and none remains for stream now. Seasonal rainfalls provide a qualifier for this statement because streams will flow even in the most arid areas during periods of maximum rainfall. In general, if the potential evapotranspiration—that which would result from the maximum plant cover a region could support under ideal circumstances—should exceed the precipitation, overland stream flow ceases. Conversely, if evapotranspiration is less than precipitation, runoff is generated. The amount by which precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration is the perennial yield of stream flow water, and this is the usable fraction of rain and snowfall. Across the entire United States the water yield amounts to 30 percent of the total rainfall, or approximately 1.77×1015 liters per year. But when we consider the distribution of water deficiencies and surpluses we find that essentially the entire eastern half of the United States, together with a small region in the Pacific northwest, enjoys water surplus, while most of the country to west of the Mississippi is water- deficient and arid.

单选题Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.

单选题Intelligence test scores follow an approximately normal distribution, (meaning) that most people score near the middle of the distribution of scores, (and) scores (drop off) fairly rapidly in frequency as one moves in (either) direction from tile center.

单选题When there is more food, animals generally______ faster; their number increases quickly.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 24—26 are based on the passage about human intelligence. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 24—26.{{/B}}