单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concept of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional, itreaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers; and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon days, no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak fluently.

单选题Though one may question the degree to which the Civil War represents a milestone in women's pursuit of social, economic, and political equality, Leonard's recent study has excelled that of her predecessor Ginzberg in debunking persistent myths about women's primary relation to the war as weeping widows, self-sacrificing wives, patriotic fiancees, and loyal daughters. Leonard asks if the wartime work of northern women influenced popular perceptions of women's abilities, and if home front production were seen as contributing to the readiness of soldiers. Finding in the affirmative, she argues that home front activities generated respect for women's organizational talents and opened up new work opportunities for women, while participation reinforced their self-reliance and self-esteem. In contrast to her predecessors, who saw the war as transforming the ideology of benevolence, Leonard finds that women's war work drew heavily upon the antebellum ideology of women's nature and sphere. It was once believed that wartime benevolence heightened changes emerging in the 1850s by replacing the antebellum ideology of gender difference and female moral superiority with a new ideology of gender similarity and a more masculine ethos of discipline and efficiency. Leonard asserts instead that white, middle-class, Yankee, charitable women appropriated the antebellum moral definition of womanhood and, in particular, woman's unique moral responsibility for maintaining community and her natural selflessness and caretaking abilities, to expand the boundaries of woman's proper place. With determination and courage, women brought forth positive changes in popular characterizations of middle-class womanhood that opened new doors for women in the professions and in public life. A weak point of Leonard's theory is her assessment of the themes of postwar histories of women's wartime service. Leonard views these works as extolling women's self-sacrifice and ability to cooperate men while downplaying women's demands for status and pay and ignoring the scope of women's administrative genius. But other theorists, most notably Ginzberg, have argued that these same works may also be viewed as praising the efficiency of the new centralized and national charitable organizations, women's wage-earning capacity, and their subordination of feminine feeling and enthusiasm to business-like and war-like routinization and order. Two sets of values — older notions of benevolence and new demands of public service — were at war in the North, a war that can be plotted through tensions about paying wages, centralizing corporate functions of benevolence, relating benevolence to government, and using funds for administrative — as opposed to strictly charitable — purposes. It may well be that wartime masculinization of the ideology of benevolence pushed women further from both the symbolic and the real centers of power for social change and hastened instead a class-based alliance for social welfare. But we can agree with Leonard that the war forced men to yield ground, sharing and sometimes even surrendering territory, power, and status in the public realm.

单选题Professor Smith' s new invention has created a great ______ on the campus.

单选题William"s bank has never been ______ of his change of address.

单选题

单选题He seemed in such an inconsolable state that I didn"t know whether to leave or stay.

单选题It would be political ______ to admit bankruptcy of its policies.

单选题Lyme disease is caused by bacteria that are ______ by deer tick.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)

单选题 Thirty-one million Americans are over 60 years of age, and twenty-nine million of them are healthy, busy, productive citizens. By the year 2030, one in every five people in the United States will be over 60. People are members of the fastest-growing minority in this country. Many call this the "graying of America". In D73, a group called the "Gray Panthers" was organized. This group is made up of young and old citizens. They are trying to deal with the special problems of growing old in America. The Gray Panthers know that many elderly people have health problems; some cannot walk well, others cannot see or hear well. Some have financial problems; prices are going up so fast that the elderly can't afford the food, clothing, and housing they need. Some old people are afraid and have safety problems. Others have emotional problems. Many elderly are lonely because of the death of a husband or a wife. The Gray Panthers know another fact, too. Elderly people want to be as independent as possible. So, the Gray Panthers are looking for ways to solve the special problems of the elderly. The president of the Gray Panthers is Maggie Kuhn, an active woman in her late 70s. She travels across the United States, educating both young and old about the concerns of elders. One of the problems she talks about is where and how elders live. She says that Americans do not encourage elders to live with younger people. As far as Maggie Kuhn is concerned, only elders who need constant medical care should be in nursing homes. Maggie Kuhn knows that elders need education, too. She spends lots of time talking to groups of older Americans. She encourages them to continue to live in their own houses if it is possible. She also tells them that it is important to live with younger people and to have children around them. This helps elders to stay young at heart.

单选题Some would consider that an infringement of good manners whereas others would not.

单选题It is not easy to remain {{U}}tranquil{{/U}} when events suddenly change your life.

单选题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can be best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that it would be (27) to plan activities in which there are more winners than los ers, (28) , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can pro vide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynam ics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the back ground. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) at tention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain ac tive as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with out letting the other participants down.

单选题Since their realization depends on the cooperation of others, they will take some convincing steps toU come round to/U the agent's point of view.

单选题Ideally, anatomical investigation consists of a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches. Present-day anatomy involves Uscrutiny/U of the structure of organisms at many levels of observation.

单选题Why is the passage titled "Going Green After Gray"?

单选题Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules. A. pursuing B. chasing C. reaching D. winning

单选题Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures? Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots. A study of the way that people respond to Victorian literature hints that novels act as a social glue, reinforcing the types of behaviour that benefit society. Literature "could continually condition society so that we fight against base impulses and work in a cooperative way", says Jonathan Gottschall of Washington and Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. He and co-author Joseph Carroll at the University of Missouri, St. Louis, study how Darwin's theories of evolution apply to literature. Along with John Johnson, an evolutionary psychologist at Pennsylvania State University in DuBois, the researchers asked 500 people to fill in a questionnaire about 200 classic Victorian novels. The respondents were asked to define characters as protagonists or antagonists and then to describe their personality and motives, such as whether they were conscientious or power hungry. The team found that the characters fell into groups that mirrored the egalitarian dynamics of a society in which individual dominance is suppressed for the greater good (Evolutionary Psychology. vol 4, p 716). Protagonists, such as Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, for example, scored highly on conscientiousness and nurturing, while antagonists like Bram Stoker's Count Dracula scored highly on status-seeking and social dominance. In the novels, dominant behaviour is "powerfully stigmatized", says Gottschall "Bad guys and girls are just dominance machines; they are obsessed with getting ahead, they rarely have pro-social behaviours." While few in today's world live in hunter-gatherer societies, "the political dynamic at work in these novels, the basic opposition between communitarianism and dominance behaviour, is a universal theme", says Carroll. Christopher Boehm, a cultural anthropologist whose work Carroll acknowledges was an important influence on the study, agrees. "Modem democracies, with their formal checks and balances, are carrying forward an egalitarian ideal". A few characters were judged to be both good and bad, such as Heathcliff in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights or Austen's Mr.Darcy. "They reveal the pressure being exercised on maintaining the total social order," says Carroll. Boehm and Carroll believe novels have the same effect as the cautionary tales told in older societies. "Novels have a function that continues to contribute to the quality and structure of group life," says Boehm. "Maybe storytelling--from TV to folk tales- actually serves some specific evolutionary adaptation," says Gottschall. They're not just products of evolutionary adaptation.