单选题Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out Whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. "As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins." He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity./

单选题Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a "penny press" proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances. The first offerings of a penny paper tended to 'be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering paper, had reached. This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for sir cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day's success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.

单选题As far as the rank of position is concerned, an associate professor is ______ to a professor, though they are almost equally knowledgeable. A. attached B. subsidiary C. previous D. inferior

单选题Which question is NOT answered in the article?

单选题The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.

单选题In China______graduates go abroad to have a further study every year.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} Monochronic time (M-time) and polychronic time (P-time) represent two variant solutions to the use of both time and space as organizing frames for activities. Space is included because the two systems (time and space) are functionally interrelated. M-time emphasizes schedules, segmentation, and promptness. P-time systems are characterized by several things happening at once. They stress involvement of people and completion of transactions rather than adherence to preset schedules. P-time is treated as much less tangible than M-time. P-time is apt to be considered a point rather than a ribbon or a road, and that point is sacred. Americans overseas are psychologically stressed in many ways when confronted by P-time systems such as those in Latin America and the Middle East. In the markets and stores of Mediterranean countries, one is surrounded by other customers vying for the attention of a clerk. There is no order as to who is served next, and to the northern European or American, confusion and clamor abound. In a different context, the same patterns apply within the governmental bureaucracies of Mediterranean countries: A cabinet officer, for instance, may have a large reception area outside his private office. There are almost always small groups waiting in this area, and these groups are visited by government officials, who move around the room conferring with each. Much of their business is transacted in public instead of having a series of private meetings in an inner office. Particularly distressing to Americans is the way in which appointments are handled by polychronic people. Appointments just don't carry the same weight as they do in the United States. Things are constantly shifted around. Nothing seems solid or firm, particularly plans for the future, and there are always changes in the most important plans right up to the very last minute. In contrast, within the Western world, man finds little in life that is exempt from the iron hand of M-time. In fact, his social and business life, even his sex life are apt to be completely time dominated.

单选题This subject is not included in the ______ of the school.

单选题I was taken __________ when I saw him because he had lost all his hair.

单选题Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its ______ to fire, and its potential to span vast areas. A. assignment B. resistance C. adjustment D. liability

单选题The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which ______ profoundly to every Chinese heart.

单选题After speaking for three hours, the lecturer found he could scarcely talk, as he had become ______.

单选题I ______ the meeting yesterday, but some urgent matter prevented me from coming.

单选题He is by no means a(n)______man. On the contrary, he always departs from customs.

单选题There is no question but that Newton was a highly competent Minister of the Mint. It was mainly through his efforts (41) the English currency was put on (42) satisfactory basis at a difficult time. (43) discovered a relationship between prices and (44) amount of money in circulation, which (45) later formalized in the so-called "quality (46) "of money: if the amount of (47) in circulation is doubled--other things (48) the same--then prices also will (49) double. This is a simple application (50) the principle that it is impossible (51) . get something for nothing, but apparently (52) took someone like Newton to discover it. There (53) an obvious comparison with Copernicus, who (54) the Polish government on currency questions (55) in doing so discovered another important (56) (usually known as Gresham's Law): when (57) money is accepted as legal tender, (58) money will be driven out of (59) . Copernicus anticipated Gresham in the formulation (60) this law.

单选题His parents began to ______ a small sum of money every month for his college education when he was still a little child. A. put up B. lay down C. set aside D. place apart

单选题The work confirms hints A(that) had already been emerging in the scientific literature in recent years that p53 and related proteins might play an important role in life, but the new paper is B(far more detailed)—and, scifientists say, more compelling—C(that) anything D(published previously).

单选题There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but ______it's very enjoyable. A.all at once B.once and for all C.so much as D.by and large

单选题Generous public funding of basic science would ______ considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security. A. lead to B. result from C. lie in D. settle down