单选题Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans, the interchange also takes place in many other ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habits, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of life-style, and use of talents — in fact, through everything the individual says or does. In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhythm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates, and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic; some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need, and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts, needs, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones. The causes of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person's processing of information. Sometimes a block is physical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person's emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good communicative skills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.

单选题We must try to______the best of our moral values for our children and grand children.

单选题Americans are highly ______, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.

单选题Why do you look so ______? You never smile or look cheerful.

单选题1 To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the differ ence between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesman ship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand. This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity--the firm and the custom- er—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as "Have It Your Way. " and "You're the Boss. " A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Clas sic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

单选题Television, like language, can be a cultural challenge for better or worse, and this is what it is in many of its activities, whether voluntarily or, on occasion, involuntarily. Although it may sometimes be soothing, television is often provocative in the sense that it gives information and arouses interest. That being said, the new means of broadcasting and communicating throughout the world increases the complexity of television even further. An important question is what television is there to do and to say. In actual fact, however, the issue does not seem to have been put in this way by all governments and their officials, nor by private television companies. Since the primary aim is to get an audience (and who would want to make television programmes nobody looked at?), programmes are becoming more and more standardized. The cultural challenge represented by television must not turn into a challenge to culture. At all events, television carries messages which influence, and will increasingly influence, trends in our societies one way or another. Either television will contribute to enriching our cultures or it will contribute to eroding them or to enabling some of these cultures to dominate others. Undoubtedly there are outstanding events, such as broadcasts of major occasions, but the out-of-the-ordinary nature of a cultural message soon becomes part of life, part of the very air breathed by those to whom the messages are sent. Living in a world of painting, literature and music is a very different thing from the stardom of a composer, writer or performer. While the heads of television channels sometimes display boldness, they do not seem to find it necessary to do so when it comes to music (with the occasional exception), because they themselves are not convinced of the emotional impact of music on television. And yet, in spite of all obstacles, music is a challenge through its daily presence. This represents a victory for whom? Pure music—that is to say, music soberly presented through the playing of the performers—goes down very well on the small screen. Its presence on television makes it part of everyday life. Let us be optimistic and hope that those in charge of television of whatever kind are aware-of the importance of their function over and above audience surveys and ratings and that they will call primarily on the talents of cultural people and give them priority over the salesman.

单选题The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ______ of vegetables in the coming days. [A] rarity [B] scarcity [C] invalidity [D] variety

单选题The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts). Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact statue of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion. The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy. Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in application of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the 'construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.

单选题A swim-learner must first learn how to______ the movements of his limbs before he can swim properly.

单选题Brazilian music is thoroughly imbued with African themes, and illustrious composers have long found inspiration in the black musical heritage. A. imaginative B. sensitive C. distinguished D. persistent

单选题Could a mechanical device ever ______ human intelligence--the ultimate test being whether it could cause a real human to fall in love with it?

单选题The comparison between humans and other animals is made to show that ______.

单选题How do those of an aristocracy and those of a democracy differ in the use of their imaginations?

单选题The doctor informed his patient that the drug was very ______ and can have unpleasant sideeffects. A.potent B.efficient C.intricate D.fragile

单选题Every society has its own peculiar customs and______of acting. A. ways B. attitudes C. behaviors D. means

单选题We all buy things on the______of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an "impulse buy".(2007年中国科学院考博试题)

单选题First there was a Washington Post article published shortly after the elections on the presumptive new House speaker, "Muted Tones of Quiet Authority: A Look Suited to the Speaker." It offered the information that "Pelosi's suit was by Giorgio Armani -- the Italian master of neutral tones and modem power dressing- and she wore it well."The article at least appeared in the newspaper's Style section, but was chock--full of psychoanalytic forays into Pelosi's wardrobe choices, asserting that an Armani suit, for a woman, is a tool for playing with the boys without pretending to be one. I would wager that Pelosi is one woman who doesn't play around with anyone. Then there was a New York Times article in January in its Thursday Styles section titled "Speaking Chic to Power."While noting that Pelosi, barely in her new job a month, had brought the House to votes on a minimum wage increase, stem cell research and Medicare drug prices, the article said "she did it looking preternaturally fresh, with a wardrobe that, while still subdued and over-reliant on suits, has seldom spruced the halls of Congress." Similar articles appeared in the Baltimore Sun and Chicago Tribune. Mentioned were other women politicians and their fashion choices, such as Sen. Hillary Clinton's hair style and preference for black pantsuits or Florida Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz's haircut. The question is whether focusing on the clothing choices of serious female political players risks rendering them less than serious. Another question is whether such reports warrant precious space. After all, with rare exceptions, male politicians are seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits. Some reporters and editors haven't figured out a way to cover female politicians that doesn't rely on the old stereotypes, says Gail Dines, sociology and women's studies professor at Wheelock College in Boston. "To be a woman politician, you have to strategize and work hard, and yet what matters is what designer you're wearing. It's a way to make women in power less scary," Dines notes. "It's putting women into a comfort zone for those who are still baffled by how to treat strong women." The articles seem a throwback to a time when women were only spouses, not players, says Ruth Mandel, director of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University. "To focus on their attire, the cut of their clothes...is to be in danger of trivializing who they are, the important role they play and the meaning behind women's advancement to positions of power: That is, we're moving to a true democracy of shared leadership." The problem is the media haven't quite caught up. "A woman who rises to a leadership position at any level is going to dress appropriately," says Kathleen Hail Jamieson, professor at the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania. "It underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for granted that it would not be worthy of comment any more." Jamieson thinks the underlying motivation for reporting on femaIe politicians' style is "the naturaI news interest in talking about what changes, and men don' t look different. There is a uniform for men in power and we all know that it looks like.The only thing to change is the color of the shirt or tie." Because women have greater fashion options, changes they make are more obvious and invite analysis. Now that Pelosi's "uniform" has been established, that should be the end of it. Ditto for Clinton. "Clinton now has a range of what she wears." Jamieson says. "She hasn't been changing hairstyles or her pantsuits. That is our definition of what she wears, and that should end it." Tom Rosenstiel, director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism, thinks reporting that describes women politicians' appearance is justified in profiles of them. Female politicians will certainly survive such silly coverage, and some argue the stories are harmless. But these women are role models for young women and offer an alternative to the fashion model and celebrity in setting the standard for female beauty and worth. Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women, it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women. "These are fortunate, privileged women," Dines notes of politicians, "but for yong women trying to make it in the world, how they look can affect their opportunities./

单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably ______ report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.(2004年湖北省考博试题)