单选题. Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their Journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous. They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as wooden sticks or stone clubs, and by lighting fires at night and, above all, by keeping together. Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel across water. Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things. This is still the main reason why we travel today. Traveling, of course, has now become highly organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket, luggage, and a hundred of other things. If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.1. In primitive times men traveled ______.

单选题. Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers. Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rule; came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill. Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety, of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.1. The main topic of the passage is ______.

单选题. Ask three people to look out of the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same 21 , but each perceives 22 different about it. Perceiving goes 23 in our minds. 24 the three people who look out of the window, 25 may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a 26 . Another may say that he sees a 27 traffic jam at the 28 . The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to 29 the street with four children 30 tow. For perception is the 31 interpretation of what the 32 —in this case our eyes—tell us. Many psychologists today are working to try to 33 just how a person 34 or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific 35 these psychologists 36 experiments in which they can control all of the 37 . By measuring and charting the 38 of many experiments, they are trying to 39 what makes different people perceive totally different things 40 the same scene.21.

单选题. There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transaction may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modem market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money. An alternative for the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy. In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage (origin), religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste (social class) may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant (unchanging) society may result.1. What is the main purpose of the passage? ______

单选题 The train ______ to arrive at 11:30

单选题. Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant (不愿意) to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(探测) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly ______.

单选题. The amazing success of man as a 1 is the result of the evolutionary development of his brain which has 2 to tool using, tool making, the ability to solve problems by logical 3 , thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways 4 which the chimpanzee biologically resembles man 5 the structure of his brain. The chimpanzee with his 6 for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of 7 more like that of man than does any other 8 living today. The brain of the modern chimpanzee is 9 not too dissimilar to the brain that so many millions of years ago directed the 10 of the first ape man. For a long time, the fact 11 prehistoric man made tools was considered to be one of the major criteria to 12 him from other creatures. It is true that the chimpanzee does not 13 his tools to a regular and set pattern but then, 14 man, before development of stone tools, undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at which 15 it seems unlikely that he made tools to a set pattern 16 . It is because of the close 17 in most people's minds of tools with man 18 special attention has always been 19 upon any animal able to use an object as a tool; but it is important to realize that this ability, 20 , does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.1.

单选题. Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey (猎物) into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place, we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operated as skillful male-group attackers. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences, but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.1. The author believes that sporting activities ______.

单选题 By 1970

单选题 As recently as three decades ago

单选题. Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate". Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. "As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins." He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs—until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."1. The purpose of George Spilich's experiment is ______.

单选题5.

单选题14. The university regulations require that the students ______ at least 90% of the lectures.

单选题10. Once he was a ______ in the presidential election, and win the election at last.

单选题4. —Where have you gone? —I have gone to ______.

单选题2.

单选题8. Of the two bags, the little girl chose ______.

单选题 As you are students of English

单选题. In any comprehension text you will find words that you don't, know. You can 41 them up in a dictionary, of course, 42 it is a good idea to get 43 the habit of using a dictionary as 44 as possible, particularly if you are preparing 45 an examination. In fact, if you read the text 46 and think, it is usually possible to guess the 47 of most words that you don't know. Look 48 the context of each word—the sentence that it is 49 , and the sentences that come before and after. Look to see 50 the word is repeated 51 in the text; the more often it is 52 , the easier it is to understand. Some words 53 be guessed from looking at their 54 , but don't except to be able to guess 55 of the new words in a text. There will be 56 that you can only get a general 57 of, and a few will be impossible. Don't 58 too much time worrying about these; the most 59 thing is to understand the text as a(n) 60 as well as possible, and one or two difficult words will not usually make much difference.41.

单选题 —Glad to see you again. I ______ you for weeks