单选题. Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly. At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America's standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.1. What's the author's purpose in writing this passage? ______

单选题. The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ______.

单选题2. I saw him ______ in the bed.

单选题. Shoppers who carefully plan their visit to the grocery store can save money on their grocery bills. Shopping when not 21 , sticking to their grocery list, and 22 a few simple rules will cut down the grocery bill. Shoppers should visit the grocery store on a full stomach by planning their trip 23 after a large meal. If that's not 24 , they should find something 25 to eat while preparing a grocery list. Most shoppers are less likely to buy extras when they are not troubled by 26 . Although having a list and 27 to it is the most important factor in saving money, 28 must prepare lists wisely in order to 29 . A carefully planned list should 30 in-season produce and any items on 31 or discounted through coupons. Many special buys are announced through the local newspapers, so buying the "grocery issue" is 32 the money you spend. 33 , it's important to remember that many newers, more expensive products first offered through coupons may not 34 enough savings for shoppers to give up products they usually buy. Now that the shopper has 35 the grocery list, it's time to leave for the store. However, no preparations are complete without a pocket calculator or a piece of paper and a 36 to figure costs. Once at the store, the shopper who wants to save money should follow a few more rules. The shopper should not stay 37 than necessary because bills go up each minute the shopper is in the store. So, 38 a time limit and a cost limit can hold down the 39 . Of course, the shopper should stick strictly to the 40 and not buy any extras. If the grocery list is a short one, shoppers can use the small hand-held basket instead of the roomy grocery cart.21.

单选题13. Do you mind my ______ the window?

单选题2. The intelligence you have ______ you numerous treasure.

单选题2.

单选题. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture". Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetics (遗传学) factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior. Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.1. Which one of the following statements would supporters of the "nature" theory agree with? ______

单选题4.

单选题1. The real difficulty ______ their lack of experience.

单选题. Tides are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon's pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal "waves" follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the time that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon. The sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the tides arise higher and when they pull at right angles to one another, the tide is lower. The formation of the coast line and variations in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to the higher.1. Which of the following is right according to the passage? ______

单选题 During the Christmas shopping rush in London

单选题 People enjoy talking about "first"

单选题. Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the .dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ______.

单选题. A recent study described coal as a "bridge to the future". As the most plentiful fossil (化石) fuel in the world, coal has the possibility for filling a growing portion of the demand for energy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel. Coal is found around the globe, but three countries—the United States, the Soviet Union and China own nearly two thirds of all known coal reserves. At present rates of using coal these reserves would last the world more than 200 years, according to the estimates carefully made. Furthermore, scientists think the world probably has 15 times this much coal. While the United States has the largest share—more than a quarter of the 786 billion tons of known world coal reserves, both the Soviet Union and China produce almost as much coal as the U.S. does. In addition to the category of known reserves, the U. S. Geological Survey (地质调查所) has calculated that the United States has an estimated 1.7 trillion (万亿) tons of coal at depths of less than 3,000 feet. Unfortunately, much of this coal is not easy to get with present technology or at present prices. To produce and use much more coal than we do today, a number of problems will have to be solved: capital at high interest rates, manpower, and transportation, including insufficient rail facilities. Environmental concerns include the proper development of mine sites, possible changes in global climate caused by increased carbon dioxide from burning coal, and the objects that are sent out from coal stacks (烟囱) that wear out buildings, poison lakes, and damage human lungs.1. One of the advantages of coal is that ______.

单选题5.

单选题4. It was not until midnight ______ he finished his homework.

单选题. Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It's the one 41 the teacher standing in the schoolroom door 42 goodbye to students for the summer and calling 43 them, "By the way, we won World War Ⅱ." The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's 44 funny. The recent surveys on 45 illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb (令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 46 which countries the United States 47 against in that war. One third have no 48 when the Declaration of Independence was 49 . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 50 the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 51 when they get the answers right, some are 52 guessing. Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 53 connected to loss of international 54 But it does affect our future 55 a democratic nation and as individuals. The 56 news is that there is growing agreement 57 what is wrong with the 58 of history and what needs to be 59 to fix it. The steps are tentative (常识性) 60 yet to he felt in most classrooms.41.

单选题. Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. Slight problems may begin for a man when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman always tries to sell the customer something else—he offers the nearest he can to the article required. Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look round". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. Upper-most in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.1. When a man buys clothes, ______.

单选题 What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead