{{B}}Part Ⅲ Cloze{{/B}}

Boston—Manycollegestudentstodaystrugglewithcheating.TheInternetoffersmanytemptations—therearetermpapersforsalealongwitharticlesandnewsreportsthatcanbecopiedforfreewiththeclickofamouse.Itisnotsurprisingthatcheatingissometimesdifficulttoresist.________PollySanders,astudentatasmallliberalartscollege,knowsthathandinginapaperfromtheInternetisplagiarism.Butwhataboutusingaparagraph?Sheadmitsthatshehasoftentakenaparagraphandchangedafewwordstomakeit"her"ownwork.That'snotplagiarizing,isit?Pollymaynotknowitbut,accordingtohercollege,itis.________Thisuncertaintyispartlyduetothefactthatstandardsarechanging.A2001surveybytheCenterforAcademicIntegrityshowscheatingisbecomingacceptable.Thesurveyfoundthat41percentofstudentsbelievethatplagiarismiscommon.Perhapsmostworryingwasthe27percentwhosaidthatfalsifyinglaboratorydatahappens"oftenorveryoften"oncampus.It'shardtobelievethatalloftheseyoungscientistschangetheirwaysaftergraduation.________SomeadministratorsusesophisticatedcomputersearchenginestofindInternetplagiarists.However,manyothercollegesareusinghonorcodestocombatcheating.Aneffectivehonorcodeclearlydescribestheboundariesoflegitimateandillegitimatework.Inaddition,itsetsthepenaltiesforbreakingit.Educatorssaythatthesimpleactofstudentssigningthehonorcodemakesadifference."It'sapsychologicaleffect:ifpeopleexpectyoutobehonorable,youaremorelikelytorespondwithhonorablebehavior,"saysNannerlO.Keohane,thepresidentofDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.HonorcodesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheUnitedStates.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandtheUniversityofMarylandgivecheatersgradesofXFtoindicatefailurebecauseofcheating.CornellUniversityrewroteitshonorcodein2000andnowrequiresteachingassistantsandfreshmentotakecoursesthatteachthemwhatcheatingisandhowtoavoidit.________Theymayofferstudentsmorefreedom,but,iftheydonotobey,thepunishmentissevere.Forexample,thehonorcodeatWellesleyCollegeinMassachusettsallowsstudentstotakeexamswhenandwheretheywant.Thestudentssimplyinformtheteacherwhentheywillbetakingtheexam.Thentheycanchoosetogowherevertheywant.Thestudentsaretrusted,butiftheyarecaughtcheating,thepunishmentcanbesevere.________Universityofficialsthinkthattherearedifferentreasonsforthisphenomenon."Thefeelingofbeingtreatedasanadultandrespondinginkind,"ProfessorMcCabesays,"it'sclearlythereformanystudents.Theydon'twanttoviolatethattrust."Questions61to65ChoosefromthesentencesA—Gtheonewhichbestfitseachgapof61—65.Therearetwoextrasentenceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.A.Ifstudentsarebecominglessconcernedabouttheramificationsofcheating,collegesanduniversitiesareworkinghardertocatchthecheaters.B.Ifshegetscaught,she'llreceiveafailinggradeormaybebethrownoutofschool.C.Aculturewherepeoplearegenuinelyoffendedbycheatinghavetobebuilt.D.Pollyisnottheonlystudentwhoisn'tsurewhat'scheatingandwhatisn't.E.Somepeoplesaythatsimplyputtinginanhonorcodewon'tsolvetheproblem,butseveralstudiessincethe1960shaveshownthatschoolswithouthonorcodestendtohaveabouttwiceasmuchcheatingasthosewithhonorcodesinplace.F.Furthermore,studentsoftendonotunderstandexactlywhatconstitutescheating.G.Honorcodescanbebothacarrotandastick.

Peoplewearclothestoprotecttheirbodiesfromthecoldortheburningsun,frominsectbitesandinjuries,andfromtheunwelcomeeyesofstrangers.However,whatpeoplewearcanalsoconveyamessageaboutwhotheyareandtheirroleinsociety.Forexample,visitnearlyanycountryintheworldandyouwillnoticethatyoungpeopleeverywherearewearingfashionablebluejeans.Theywearthemnotforwork,butforsocialoccasionssuchaspartiesandconcerts.Thejeansaresomewhatofanindexofhowtheseyoungpeopleviewthemselves:I'mmodernandstylish.I'mdifferentfromthetraditionaloldergeneration.________Theycanconveyallegiancetoschoolsandsportsteams,advertiseplacesorproducts,serveaswearabletravelsouvenirs,andcommemorateimportantoccasions.Thesemessagesclearlytellothers,ThisiswhatIwantyoutoknowaboutme.________Itsaysthatthepersonwantstoimpressotherswithhisorherprofessionalstatus.Afittedjacketandmatchingtrousersconstituteaman'ssuit,whileafittedjacketandmatchingskirtconstituteawoman'ssuit.Acollaredshirtandanecktieareintegralpartsoftheman'soutfit,whilestockingsandhigh-heeledshoescompletethewoman's.________Militarypersonnelareeasytoidentifybytheiruniforms.Thesameistrueforcivilemergencypersonnellikepoliceofficersandfirefighters.Incertaincontexts,specialclothingisworntodifferentiatenotonlytheoccupationofpeople,butalsotheirauthority.Forexample,thechef'stallwhitehatindicateshisjobandthathe'sinchargeintherestaurant'skitchen.________Forexample,Scotsmenweredistinctivetartanstoshowtheirclanaffiliation,justasschooluniformsidentifychildrenasstudentsatacertainschool.________InWesternsocieties,women—andoftenmen—wearweddingringsontheirlefthands.Otherculturesusedifferentsymbols.Hinduwomen,forexample,weararedpowderintheirhairaftertheymarry.Clothingservesmanyfunctionsbeyondjustprotectingourbodies.Clothingcantellalotaboutthepeoplewhowearit.Questions61—65Completethepassagewiththefollowingsentences.Therearetwoextrasentencesthatyoudonotneedtouse.A.Clothingmightalsoshowwhichgroupapersonbelongsto.B.AnevenmoredirectmeanswherebypeoplemakestatementsaboutthemselvesisviamessagesprintedonT-shirts.C.Auniformidentifiestheoccupationofmanypeople.D.Societieschoosedifferentwaystoshowmaritalstatus.E.Jeansmakesuchanimportantstatementthat,insomegroups,apersonmightbejudgedbythebrandofjeansheorsheiswearing.F.Oftentheoriginalsignificanceoftheclothinghasbeenforgottenorhaschangedovertime.G.JustasbluejeansandT-shirtssayagreatdealaboutthepeoplewhoarewearingthem,sodoestheWesternbusinesssuit.

Itisobviousthathumansareunlikeallotheranimals.Itisalsoobviousthatweareaspeciesofbigmammal.Thatcontradictionisthemostfascinatingfeatureofthehumanspecies.Itisfamiliar,butwestillhavedifficultygraspinghowitcametobeandwhatitmeans.Ontheonehand,betweenourselvesandallotherspeciesliesaseeminglyunbridgeablegulfthatweacknowledgebydefiningacategorycalled"animals".Itimpliesthatweconsidercentipedes,chimpanzeesandclamstosharedecisivefeatureswitheachotherbutnotwithus,andtolackfeaturesrestrictedtous.Amongthesecharacteristicsuniquetousaretheabilitiestotalk,write,andbuildcomplexmachines.Thus,forpracticalandlegalpurposes,humansarenotanimals.WhenDarwinintimatedin1859thatwehadevolvedfromapes,itisnowonderthatmostpeopleinitiallyregardedhistheoryasabsurd.Ontheotherhand,weobviouslyareanimals,withtheusualanimalbodyparts,moleculesandgenes.Itisevenclearwhatparticulartypeofanimalwean:.Externally,wearesosimilartochimpanzeesthateighteen-centuryanatomistswhobelievedindivinecreationcouldalreadyrecognizeouraffinities.Moleculargeneticstudiesoverthelasthalf-a-dozenyearshaveshownthatwecontinuetoshareoverninety-eightpercentofourgeneswiththeothertwochimps.Theoverallgeneticdistancebetweenusandchimpsisevensmallerthanthedistancebetweensuchcloselyrelatedbirdspeciesasred-eyedandwhite-eyedvireos,orwillowwarblersandchiffchaffs.Sowestillcarrymostofouroldbiologicalbaggagewithus.SinceDarwin'stime,fossilizedbonesofhundredsofcreaturesvariouslyintermediatebetweenapesandmodernhumanshavebeendiscovered,makingitimpossibleforareasonablepersontodenytheoverwhelmingevidence.Yetthediscoveriesofmanymissinglinkshaveonlymadetheproblemmorefascinating,withoutfullysolvingit.Thetwopercentofourgenesthatdifferfromthoseofchimpsmusthavebeenresponsibleforallofourseeminglyuniqueproperties.Weunderwentsomesmallchangeswithbigconsequencesratherquicklyandrecentlyinourevolutionaryhistory.Whatwerethosefewkeyingredientsthatmadeushuman?Sinceouruniquepropertiesappearedsorecentlyandinvolvedsofewchanges,thosepropertiesoratleasttheirprecursorsmustalreadybepresentinanimals.Whatarethoseanimalprecursorsofartandlanguage,ofgenocideanddrugabuse?Ouruniquequalitieshavebeenresponsibleforourpresentbiologicalsuccessasaspecies.Nootherlargeanimalisnativetoallthecontinents,orbreedsinallhabitatsfromdesertsandtheArctictotropicalrainforests.Nolargewildanimalrivalsusinnumbers.Butamongouruniquequalitiesaretwothatnowjeopardizeourexistence:ourpropensitiestokilleachotherandtodestroyourenvironment.Ofcourse,bothpropensitiesoccurinotherspecies:lionsandmanyotheranimalskilltheirownkind,whileelephantsandothersdamagetheirenvironment.However,thesepropensitiesaremuchmorethreateninginusthaninotheranimalsbecauseofourtechnologicalpowerandexplodingnumbers.Questions71to75Completethesummarybelowwithinformationfromthepassage,usingthreewordsorfewerforeachblank.Wearestillnotclearaboutour________historyandwhatitmeanstous.Humanswithuniqueattributesareobviouslynotanimals,butjudgingfromtheappearanceaswellas________,weareaspeciesof________.Humanspossesssomeuniquequalitieswhichmakeusaspeciesandsurpassotheranimals.Twoofourqualitiesthreaten________,namely,ourpropensitiestokilleachotherandtodestroyourenvironmentwith________andgreatnumbers.

{{B}}Part I Listening Comperhension{{/B}}

The Nobel Peace Prize is______by the vast fortune Alfred Nobel______selling explosives.

What is the accident happening in Regent Street?

WaterforLifeWaterisessentialforlife.Yetmanymillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldfaceawater________(short).Manymillionsofchildrendieeveryyearfromwater-bornedi________anddroughtregularlyafflictssomeoftheworld'spoorestcountries.Theworldneedstorespond________moreeffectively.Weneedtoincreasewaterefficiency,especiallyinagriculture.Weneedtofreewomenandgirlsfromthedailychoreof________(get)water,oftenfromgreatdistances.Wemustinvolvetheminmakingadecisionaboutwatermanagement.Weneedtomakesanitationapriority.Thisis________progressislagging(滞后)most.Wemustalsoshowthatwaterresourcesneednotbeasourceofconflict.Ins________,theyshouldbeacatalyst(催化剂)forcooperation.Significantgainshavebeenmade,butamajoref________isstillrequired.Thatiswhythisyearmarksthebeginningofthe"WaterforLife"Decade.Ourg________istomeettheinternationallyagreedtargetsforwaterandsanitationby2015,andtobuildafoundationforfur________progressintheyearsahead.Thisisanurgentmatteraffectinghuman________(develop),andhumandignity.

—Must I renew the book now? —Yes, of course. In fact, you______that yesterday.

Adrian: Boris. To what do I owe this honor?Boris: Just a social call, Adrian. Good to find you all at home. Adrian: I'd like you to meet my family. Boris: ______

________ThereareafewsmalldifferencesinthegrammarandthereareafewwordsthataredifferentoneithersideofAtlantic,butthebigdifferenceistheaccent.SomeBritishfilmshavesubtitlesinAmericabecausepeoplecan'tunderstandwhattheactorsaresaying,andsomeAmericanTVseriesaredifficultfortheBritishtounderstand.________TheproblemsarewiththedifferentkindsofAmericanandBritishEnglish.Thesedifferentdialectsandaccentsdependonpeople'ssocialclassandthegeographicalareawheretheylive.Itispossible,forexample,thatamiddle-classspeakerfromthesouthofEnglandwillfinditdifficulttounderstandaworking-classspeakerfromthenorth.Inthesameway,awealthyCalifor-nianmaynotunderstandaworking-classNewYorker.Allofthesepeoplehaveaccents,butthemiddle-classaccentsareusuallyclosertoStandardEnglish.________WhatsortofEnglishshouldtheylearn?IsAmericanEnglishbetterthanBritishEnglish,ortheotherwayround?TheanswerdependsontheirreasonsforlearningEnglish.IftheyarelearningEnglishfortheirwork,thechoicewillprobablybeeasy.Butformanystudents,itdoesn'tmatter.Whatmattersisthattheyunderstandandareunderstood.________MostEnglishthatyouhearandseearoundtheworldisspokenorwrittenbynon-nativespeakers—between,forexample,aGreekandaGerman,orbetweenaRussianandanItalian.Englishisthemainlanguageofbusiness,academicconferencesandtourism,ofpopularmusic,homecomputersandvideogames.EnglishhasbecometheLatinofthemodernworld.________MoreandmorepeoplenowtalkaboutEnglishasanInternationalLanguage—alanguagethatisnotAmericanorBritish.Ithashundredsofdifferentaccents,butifpeoplecanunderstandwhatyouaresaying,noproblem.Questions61—65Completethepassagewiththefollowingsentences.Therearetwoextrasentencesthatyoudonotneedtouse.A.WithsomanydifferentEnglishes,itisdifficultforlearnersofthelanguage.B.Becauseofthis,thequestionofAmericanorBritishEnglishisbecominglessandlessimportant.C.TheBritishandtheAmericansliketotalkaboutthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.D.HowmanynewwordsentertheEnglishlanguageeveryyear?E.TheworldischangingandEnglishisnolongerthepropertyoftheBritish,AmericansorAustralians.F.Historically,Englishhashadalotofcontactwithspeakersofmanyotherlanguages.G.However,ifyoulistentoStandardEnglishinBritainortheUS,therearenoproblemsofunderstandingatall.

{{B}}Section B{{/B}}

I don't see any______in going on a picnic in such bad weather.

{{B}}Section C{{/B}}

The student's problem is that he has not been paid.

Publicholidaysandfestivalsareanimportantpartofacountry'slife.Theygiveeveryoneabreakfromroutineandtheyformpartoftheannuallifeinthatcountry.Sometimestheycelebrateadayinacountry'shistory,commemorateaspecialperson,markthepassingoftimeorcelebrateareligiousfestival.Manynationalfestivalshavebeencelebratedforyears,butoccasionallynewonescomealongandoldonesgraduallydisappear.ThisisunlikelytohappentoBurns'NightorSt.Patrick'sDay,however.Thetwofestivalsarecelebratedfarbeyondtheirnativeland.Thefirstofthese,Burns'Nighton25January,marksthebirthdayoftheScottishpoetRobertBurns(1759—1796).Itiscelebratedbyhiscountrymenandadmirers,notonlyinScotlandbutallovertheworld,fromNewYorktoSydney,fromTorontotoTokyo.OnBurns'Nighttheguestseathaggis.Haggisischoppedmuttonandotheringredientsencasedinsheep'sgut,whichisboiledbeforebeingserved.Thehaggisisbroughtintotheroomtothesoundofthebagpipesandthechiefguest"addresses"itrecitingBurns'poem"OdetotheHaggis".Aftereating,theotherguestsrecitemoreofBurns'poems,singScottishtunesanddrinkalotofwhisky.AnotherwidelycelebratedfestivalisSt.Patrick'sDay(17March),whichcelebratesthelifeofthe5th-centurysaint,St.Patrick.St.PatrickwasBishopofIreland,anditissaidthathegaveIrelanditsnationalsymbolwhenheillustratedhisreligiousteachingwiththeshamrock—athree-leafedclover.Butthefestivalisnowmorethananythingacelebrationof"Irishness",whetherittakesplaceinDublin,Auckland,Melbourne,MontrealorBoston.OnSt.Patrick'sDaytherearebigparades,andpeoplewearshamrocks.Insomeplacespeopleaddgreencolouringtothebeerandeventoriversandstreams.Theygooutandhave"agoodcraic"(pronounced"crack")—Irishforgoodfun.Questions56—60Completethetablewithnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.

旅游是全球经济中一个快速增长的领域。【T1】 因而发展中国家正努力从这一产业中获利，以促进海外投资、增加金融储备。 (cash in on)联合国一方面承认，该产业的无序发展会造成严重的环境和社会问题，另一方面却坚持认为这些负面影响可以得到控制和减小。最近我在报纸上看到泰国林业部高官称：“【T2】 人类无法生活在森林里，因为人类不是动物；跟我们人类不同，动物们能够自然地适应荒野和其他环境。 (adapt oneself to)”他的话令我非常困惑。【T3】 这种说法将使政府将数以万计的边远和山区部落人民逐出保护地的计划合法化。 (tens of thousands of)这位负责森林保护的官员正在以“生态旅游”为名义积极推动向海外投资商和游客开放该国的81家森林公园，禁止村民接近林地和自然资源。【T4】 而那些旅游开发商和出手阔绰的游客，却能获准进入这一地区。 (generous)当局认为世世代代生活在这里的当地居民没有能力通过诸如社区森林保护规划之类的方法管理其土地和自然资源。【T5】 他们坚信他们可以在全国生态旅游规划之下，与旅游部门合作，妥善地管理并保护“自然”。 (eco-tourism)

{{B}}Task Ⅱ{{/B}}

In literature, a story in which the events and characters represent ideas or teach a moral lesson is called______.

The senior professor told his students to______on their studies.