单选题Another exceptionally tough trading year for the world airline industry saw passenger numbers rise an average of 5.7% but the profit made per seat—the yield—decline as wild discounting took place in vicious fare wars.

单选题[1] To say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life. [2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in cities — the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world. [3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation — congestion and filth, danger and purposelessness — which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky. [4] ...The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of modern civilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want — and this is what we must want if men are to be free for that "pursuit of happiness" which was the earliest promise of the American Nation — we will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers. [5] One great problem is sheer growth — growth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking point all our old ways of thought and action — our systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services. [6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees — condemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. "There is no police so effective," said Emerson, "as a good hill and a wide pasture... where the boys...can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits." We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with the natural world around him. [7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation — adding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes — as in Watts — our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city. [8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghetto — a problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking: Segregation is becoming the governing rule; Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to the suburbs; many other cities are moving along the same road — for example, Chicago, which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by 1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in themselves, areas of as much as 350, 000 people. Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent. Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $ 20 million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill's over $ 500 million a year.Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the last housing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10, 000 children may be injured or infected by rat bites every year. Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students will graduate with an academic diploma. Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times as common as elsewhere. [9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others. [10] ...Community demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this is disappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded. [11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in a world of experience and culture their parents never knew. [12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach of individual control or even understanding. [13] ...But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and the riots which are its product and symptom — threaten to divide Americans for generations to come; to add to the ever-present difficulties of race and class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear.... [14] It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots — beyond the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease, comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be.

单选题Every year thousands of Moslems make a (n) ______ to the holy city of Mecca.

单选题The chairman requested that ______.

单选题Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ______just around the corner was untrue.

单选题Sarah was so sleepy after her marathon studying session for calculus that she ordered a triple espresso before going to class once the caffeine kicked in, Sarah knew that she wouldn"t doze off on Dr. Ribley.

单选题The amazing powers of the computer have ______ even the most sophisticated scientists into wondering just how human it can become.

单选题The food was rather______and needed gingering up.

单选题The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of______.

单选题The ratio of the work done by the machine ______ the work done on it is called efficiency of the machine.

单选题At the______of his power, Powhatan ruled so many Algonquian tribes that he needed eight interpreters just to converse with members of his own affiliated tribes.

单选题Far from______, the traveler felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke.

单选题Literary magazines give $ 200______for critical articles from people who want to make a name for themselves in this field.

单选题Anthropology is a science ______ anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

单选题I have given up trying to convince him, there is no point ______ with him.

单选题Data concerning the effects on an small population of high concentrations of a potentially hazardous chemical are frequently used to ______ the effects on a large population of lower amounts of the same chemical. A. verify B. redress C. predict D. realize

单选题The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, ______between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are______to the maintenance of community.

单选题Life, as the TV series demonstrates, is too complex for ______ endings.

单选题He can also take over the parenting role and provide her with ______ from the rigors of what is a twenty-four-hour-a day job.

单选题With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible of world trade, the Pacific Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders, Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries ( America, Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam) in discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP) produce 40% of world GDP—far more than the European Union. Regional trade deals are not always a good idea. If they distract policymakers from global trade liberalization, they are to be discouraged. But with the Doha round of global trade talks showing no flicker of life, there is little danger that the TPP will derail a broader agreement; and by cutting barriers, strengthening intellectual-property protections and going beyond a web of existing tradedeals, it should boost world trade. The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its architects—Mr. Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan"s Yoshihiko Noda, who faces crony politics laced with passionate protectionism—need to show more leadership. Mr. Noda"s announcement on November 11 th that Japan was interested in joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800% tariffs on rice and exports 65 vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda"s move could also transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world"s leading three economies but also by galvanizing others. Until he expressed an interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not, Mr. Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in which free movement of everything except labor is on the table. Immense obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September casting himself as a conciliator of Japan"s warring political factions. Many of those groups are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, which feather many a politician"s nest, argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage, doctors warn of the risks to Japan"s cherished health system. Socialists see the TPP as a Washington-led sideswipe at China, which had hoped to build an East Asian trade orbit including Japan. Mr. Nora will have to contend not just with Opposition from rival parties but also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan. Since Honolulu, Mr. Noda has already pandered to protectionists by watering down his message. Having beamed next to Mr. Obama in a summit photo; he then protested that the White House had overstated his intention to put all goods and services up for negotiation. Polls, however, suggest the Japanese are crying out for Leadership on the issue, not pusillanimity. More support the idea of entering TPP negotiations than oppose it. On their behalf Mr. Noda should lead Japan forth-rightly into the discussions, confident that the bbuntry carl bargain well enough to give its sacred industries such as farming and health care time to adjust. It is also a test for Mr. Obama"s new strategy of coping with China"s rise by "pivoting" American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the unions in the car industry which have long bellyached about the imbalance of trade with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-Asia strategy—both at home and abrdad. America should also stress that the TPP is meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it Such steps would help win support in Japan, while costing America little. And in joining the TPP, Japan would be forced to reform hidebound parts of its economy, such as services, which would stimulate growth. A revitalized Japan would add to the dynamism of a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region. That is surely something worth fighting for.