单选题Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found ______ Ohio and Illinois.

单选题In a desperate attempt______some money, the wretched man resorted______some of his acquaintances.

单选题Even at 25 years" distance from that world-changing event, the fall of the Berlin Wall, what inspires admiration is the civilised manner in which the people of Poland, Hungary, East Germany and Czechoslovakia,【R5】______dismantled communist regimes that had oppressed them since the late 1940s. The peaceful change that underpinned the rebirth of Poland and Hungary, the unification of East and West Germany in 1990 and Czechoslovakia"s "velvet divorce" in 1993 into separate Czech and Slovak states was a precondition for each country"s success. Where violence accompanied the end of communism, as in the former Yugoslavia,【R6】______ The collective term "eastern Europe" made little sense in the communist era, given the conspicuous differences in each country"s history, economy, ethnic composition, one-party system and relationship with Moscow, it makes even less sense today,【R7】______with Nato and the EU, of which they are members or partners. As David Lipton, the International Monetary Fund"s first deputy managing director, says in 25 Years of Transition, an IMF report: " After years of isolation from the western economic system, and after the distortions and deprivations of the communist system, most citizens just wanted to live in a normal country with a normal economy and,【R8】______, that vision was captured in the allure of integrating with western Europe. " Not everything is "normal" in the region. Per capita gross the star economic domestic product in Poland, which in some respects is performer, is slightly more than half that of Germany. This is a big improvement from 1989, when it was about a third, but there remains much catching up to do. Choose the following sentences marked A to D to complete the above article.A. progress has been more unevenB. given their history and geographyC. except insofar as all identify security and prosperityD. with varying degrees of help from reformers inside the power apparatus

单选题The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a ______ forgery. A. man-made B. natural C. crude D. real

单选题To solve a problem, we must identify it first, which psychologists______as problem representation.

单选题Even with the ______ of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems of racial discrimination.

单选题Up to now we have tried to do a little bit of (everything)—and tried to do it (in) the headlines—(that) what we ought to do first is (draw) up a list of priorities.

单选题I won't see you off at the airport tomorrow, so I will wish you ______.

单选题My sister is quite ______ and plans to get an M.

单选题The International Law of the Sea Conference is an attempt ______major difference among countries with conflicting interests.

单选题A woman should some day write the complete philosophy of clothes. No matter how young, it is one of the things she wholly comprehends. There is an indescribably faint line in the matter of man"s apparel, which somehow divides for her those who are worth glancing at and those who are not. Once an individual has passed this faint line on the way downward he will get no glance from her. There is another line at which the dress of a man will cause her to study her own. This line the individual at her elbow now marked for Carrie. She became conscious of an inequality. Her own plain blue dress, with its black cotton tape trimmings, now seemed to her shabby. She felt the worn state of her shoes. "Let"s see," he (Drouet) went on, "I know quite a number of people in your town. Morgenroth the clothier and Gibson the dry goods man." "Oh, do you?" she interrupted; aroused by memories of longings their show windows had cost her. At last he had a clew to her interest, and followed it deftly. In a few minutes he had come about into her seat. He talked of sales of clothing, his travels, Chicago, and the amusements of that city. "If you are going there, you will enjoy it immensely. Have you relatives?" "I am going to visit my sister," she explained. "You want to see Lincoln Park," he said, "and Michigan Boulevard. They are putting up great buildings there. It"s a second New York—great. So much to see—theatres, crowds, free houses—oh, you"ll like that." There was a little ache in her fancy of all he described. Her insignificance in the presence of so much magnificence faintly affected her. She realized that hers was not to be a round of pleasure, and yet there was something promising in all the material prospect he set forth. There was something satisfactory in the attention of this individual with his good clothes. She could not help smiling as he told her of some popular actress of whom she reminded him. She was not silly and yet attention of this sort had its weight. "You will be in Chicago some little time, won"t you?" he observed at one turn of the now easy conversation. "I don"t know," said Carrie vaguely—a flash vision of the possibility of her not securing employment rising in her mind. "Several weeks, anyhow," he said, looking steadily into her eyes. There was much more passing now than the mere words indicated. He recognized the indescribable thing that made up for fascination and beauty in her. She realized that she was of interest to him from the standpoint, which a woman both delights in and fears. Her manner was simple, though for the very reason that she had not yet learned the many little affectations with which women conceal their true feelings. Some things she did appeared bold. A clever companion—had she ever had one—would have warned her never to look a man in the eyes so steadily. "Why do you ask?" she said. "Well, I"m going to be there several weeks. I"m going to study stock at our place and get new samples. I might show you round. " "I don"t know whether you can or not. I mean I don"t know whether I can. I shall be living with my sister, and—" "Well, if she minds, we"ll fix that." He took out his pencil and a little pocket note-book as if it were all settled. "What is your address there?" She fumbled her purse which contained the address slip, He reached down in his hip pocket and took out a fat purse. It was filled with slips of paper, some mileage books, a roll of greenbacks. It impressed her deeply. Such a purse had never been carried by anyone attentive to her. Indeed, an experienced traveler, a brisk man of the world, had never come within such close range before. The purse, the shiny tan shoes, the smart new suit, and the air with which he did things, built up for her a dim world of fortune, of which he was the center. It disposed her pleasantly toward all he might do.

单选题Cynics believe that people who ______ compliments do so in order to be praised twice.

单选题The new Treasury bill seeks to ensure the prosperity of all citizens, ______simply supporting large corporations and the wealthy.

单选题Have you ever heard that there are many plots which are designed against people? They are not designed by people on purpose, but sometimes, things happen as if they were to make people feel unhappy or frustrated. These things often happen with what is called "lifeless objects." The goal of all lifeless objects is to act against man and ultimately defeat him. Lifeless objects are classified into three kinds according to the method each object uses to achieve its purpose. Some objects are capable of breaking down at the moment when they are most needed. The automobile is an example. The automobile seldom breaks down while entering a filling station where a lot of repairmen have little work to do. It waits until it reaches a downtown crossroad in the middle of rush hour, or until it is fully loaded with family members and luggage on the way back from a vacation. Thus it creates inconvenience, frustration, anger, and misery for its owner. Washing machines, light bulbs, electrical fuse, automatic laundry dryers, water pipes, enclosed fireplaces, television sets, tape recorders, projectors are all in league with the automobile to take their turns breaking down whenever life threatens to flow smoothly for the humans. Many lifeless objects seem to be extremely difficult to break down. Money and keys, for example, are almost totally incapable of breaking down. Therefore, they have had to develop a different technique for resisting man — they get lost. It is not uncommon for money to climb all the way from a person's pocket onto the kitchen table in its single-minded determination to raise its owner's blood pressure. Keys have been known to hide themselves under mattresses. Women's purses, despite their great weight, frequently travel through two or three rooms to find a hiding space under a couch. Science has still not solved the mystery of how they do it. The most seemingly reasonable theory is that they have developed a secret method of movement by which they are able to escape from the constant human observation. The lifeless objects which don't work constitute the most curious of all the three kinds. They include such objects as car clocks, cigarette lighters, flashlights and toy trains. It is inaccurate, to say they never work. They work once, usually for the first few hours after being brought home, and then quit. Thereafter, they never work again. These things that don't work have attained the highest state possible of a lifeless object, the state which things break down and things that get lost can still only hope for. They have truly defeated man by conditioning him never to expect anything of them, and in return they have given man the only peace he receives from lifeless society. He does not expect his electric train to run, his cigarette lighter to light, or his flashlight to work, and when they don't, his blood pressure does not rise.

单选题The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ______ in any way.

单选题[1] When I first saw Pippa the cheetah, she was sitting pertly on a chair in the tearoom of the New Stanley Hotel in Nairobi. I had gone to meet her owners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub. [2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of cubs. [3] Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild required patience, perseverance, love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it was not simply a matter of affection — although there was plenty of that. The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The cheetah is one of these; the lion may become one soon. [4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were raany times when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been. That species is man. [5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60 years. By then, man's overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet. Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought communication that would help him avoid extinction? [6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment. The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his humility — and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically than the thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1. 7 million years — not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of some creatures. [7] Man's achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment. Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature's basic laws, substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for example, invented money — and now he gauges success, power, and achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it. [8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology. [9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his research capacity he can ask himself : How were animals able to maintain the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation. [10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study animals have learned about it only in the last few years. We don't yet know how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that births occur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers' adequate supply of milk for the young. [11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded; it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while those on the eroded bank do so only every nine. [12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some most interesting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks. Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses actually do produce litters this of-ten. But in their natural state, females of these species will not let a male near them — let alone mate with him — while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is about seventeen and a half months. [13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth, she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened with a lioness I knew. [14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate while they are preoccupied with training their young. [15] Another secret of animals' survival is telepathy. This sense has become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us. By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or 60 miles to meet us. [16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa's two sisters to Nairobi to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo 180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew. But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening. [17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals with whom I've lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what had happened, even though I was several hundred miles away. The same thing occurred later with one of Pippa's cubs. [18] I don't possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi. We don't know much yet about this telepathy — from which gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearing and treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place. [19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone. Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to creatures whose sense of adequate living space has been consistently violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close together that it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed. [20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why zoos — even the best zoos — cannot solve the problem of recovering a healthy survival number of presently endangered species. [21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums. People living in these conditions often become aggressive — sometimes even criminal — for the same reason that animals do in zoos. [22] Man-made values account not only for man's reduced awareness of his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these, referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young. So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In nature this happens only in perverted cases. I have watched many animal mothers with their young. They are devoted to them and tend them with affection — and discipline. But they don't overdo it. Elsa and Pippa loved their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about it. [23] Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet. If he wants to survive — which he can do only if all other forms of life around him survive as well — he simply has to see himself as no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival and thus maintaining life on our planet. [24] I personally doubt that man can recover his original relationship with all other forms of life unless he reappraises his man-made values, returns again to the rules of nature, and then accepts and obeys them.

单选题Electronic toys and games, which came on the market in 1976, already ______ a more than half-billion-dollar business.

单选题Passage One The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?" There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable, of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases. Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U. S..

单选题I left the office earlier than usual this morning ______ traffic jam.

单选题The Game of the Name Here comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though he is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use? John? Smith? Dr. Smith? A decision such as this is usually made unconsciously. As native speakers in the American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical rules of American-English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about members of our speech community. Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being addressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have unconsciously assimilated can safely be ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula Title plus Last Name. But defining a "child" is not always easy. I address my son"s roommate at college by FN, eventhough he is an adult under the law. I, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75-year-old acquaintance who calls me Pete. Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation. If the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr.Smith (or sometimes simply as Doctor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital. (I am allowed to call him if my status is at least as high as his or if we are friends outside of our social roles, but the rest of my utterance must remain respectful. ) We are also obliged to address certain other people by their social identity in formal situation: public officials (Congressman; Your Honor) , educators (Professor or Doctor) , leaders of meetings (Mr. Chairman) , Roman Catholic priests (Father Daffy) and nuns (Sister Anna) , and so forth. By the way, note the sexist distinction in the formulas for priests and nuns. The formula for a priest is Father plus Last Name, but for a nun it is Sister plus Religious Name ( usually an FN). Most conversations, however, are not carried on in formal speech situations, and so the basic decision is when to use FN to TLN. A social acquaintance or newly hired colleague of approximately the same age and rank is usually introduced on an FN basis. "Pete, I"d like you to meet Harry. " Now a problem arises if both age and rank of cone of the parties are higher: " Pete, I"d like you to meet Attorney Brown. " Attorney Brown may, of course, at any time signal me that he is willing to suspend the rules of address and allow an FN basis. Such a suspension is his privilege to bestow, and it is usually handled humorously, with a remark like, "I answer quicker to Bruce. " Complications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. A young doctor who joins a hospital finds it difficult to address a much older doctor. They are equal in rank ( and therefore FN should be used) but the great disparity in ages calls for TLN. In such cases, the young doctor can use the No-Name (NN) formula, phrasing his utterances adroitly to avoid using any term of address at all. English is quite exceptional among the world"s languages in this respect. Most European languages oblige the speaker to choose between the familiar and formal second person singular ( as in the French tu and Vous) , as English once did when "thou" was in use. This is the basic American system, but the rules vary according to speech situations, subtle friendship or kin relationships between the speakers, regions of the country, and so forth. Southern speech, for example, adds the formula Title plus First Name ( Mr. Charlie) to indicate familiar respect. Southerners are also likely to specify kin terms ( as in Cousin Jane) whereas in most of the United States FN is used for cousins. Address to strangers also alters some of the rules. A speaker usually addresses a stranger whose attire and behavior indicate higher status by saying sir. But sometimes speakers with low status address those with obviously higher status by spurning this rule and instead using Mac or buddy—as when a construction worker asks a passing executive, socially identified by his attache case, "You got a match, buddy?"