单选题Her work is often very hard and she gets very tired. The work is tedious .

单选题The Anti -Alcohol Campaign Tries in Russia Last week Russian President Dmitry Medvedev kicked off a new anti - alcohol campaign aimed at cutting the nation's per capita consumption of alcohol by nearly a quarter by 2012. Russians currently drink about 18 liters ( 19 quarts) a year, more than double the 8 liters (8.4 quarts) deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO). With each additional liter, adds the WHO, men can subtract 11 months from their average life expectancy. The latest move consists of three parts: a media campaign, restrictions on beer consumption, and strict penalties for selling to minors. Russian officials plan to set up more than 500 health centers by the end of the year, complete with Soviet - era tactics like drawings of cirrhosis - stricken livers on their walls. Even with such aggressive measures, it's hardly the most ambitious campaign Russians has ever launched against drinking. Former leader Mikhail Gorbachev got alcohol sales to decline by 60 percent. Three years agom, a group of young Russians organized a sort of vigilante vice squad to single out and shame merchants who sold alcohol to minors. Supported by the Moscow city administration, the Solar Circle movement, as they called themselves, held rallies, and slapped leaflets on the shop doors of guilty establishments. They piqued media interest at first, but the momentum soon fizzled. Some critics say that, while admirable, it hardly addresses the biggest culprit of all : vodka. "The main problem is the availability of hard liquor, "says Aleksandr Nemtsov, a top Russian expert on alcohol policy. Some 70 percent of alcohol consumption in Russia is of the hard stuff, primarily vodka. One attempt, tried in the mid- 1990s ,substituted beer as a less intoxicating non- liquor alternative. Instead. "beer has become a gateway opening the way to alcoholism for teenagers," says Oleg Zykov, a member of the Public Chamber. The earlier people start down that route, the more likely they are to end up grappling with alcoholism problems later. Still, for now, Russians seem to support the government's new approach. As the National Center for the Study of Public Opinion reported last week. 65 percent of the population say they are in favor the new measures—especially those that restrict alcohol sales to those under 21. (Right now, the drinking age is 18. )

单选题 How does Science Proceed? How exactly does science work? How do scientists go about "doing" science? Ordinarily we think science proceeds in a straightforward way. Ideally, scientists make observations, formulate hypotheses, and test those hypotheses by making further observations. When there is difference between what is observed and what is predicted by the hypothesis, the hypothesis is reviewed. Science proceeds in this way, which is a gradual method of finding the best fit between observation and prediction. But this idealized version of how one "does" science is naive. Although science demands proof that observations made by one observer be observable by other observers using the same methods. It is by no means clear that even when confronted with identical phenomena different observers will report identical observations. And it is most certain that even if the same observations are made, the conclusions as to the meaning of the observations frequently differ. The fact is that all of us scientists included, see differently. Variations in human perception are well known and have been studied extensively. Distortions in perceptions are frequently seen among observers, even though they may be in identical settings viewing identical phenomena. A documented misperception from history can be found in the experience of Darwin. His ship, Beagle, after anchoring off the Patagonian coast, sent off a landing party in small rowboats. Amazingly, the Patagonian natives watching from shore were blind to the Beagle, but could easily see the tiny rowboats. They have no prior experience of huge sailing ships, but small rowing vessels were an everyday part of their life. Rowboats fit their model of the world but huge ships did not. Their model determined their perceptions. Our ideas that science proceeds on an utterly objective and straightforward basis ignores the distortions of reality imposed by our own perceptual apparatus. In many cases we see what we have been trained to see, what we are used to seeing. If a subject is fitted with special glasses that are designed to invert the visual field, at first the subject sees everything upside down. After a period of time, as the glasses continue to be worn, a correction is made by our perceptual mechanism and the image is flipped, so that the world once again appears erect.

单选题You could tell from his big ears that he {{U}}took after{{/U}} his father.

单选题People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.

单选题Her first year at school away from home, she suffered {{U}}qualms{{/U}} of homesickness.

单选题Bad food is a source of illness.

单选题Foreign military aid was Uprolonging/U the war.

单选题So in 2006. RealBenefits went commercial. Still tucked under the umbrella of founder Community Catalyst, the sales staff began slowly refocusing its energy on paying customers like hospital chains, governments and school districts rather than the community organizations and nonprofits that had previously peppered its client list. A subscription - based service, RealBenefits charges a fee that ranges from $10,000 for, say, a homeless -services group to six figures on the high end. "Our model was to find large health - care providers who'd be willing to pay because they were actually increasing reimbursements(报销) and minimizing uncompensated safe by using our technology," says CEO Enrique Balaguer. At both ends, low -income families win. Whereas an uninsured patient going to the emergency room once faced a bill for thousands of dollars, now, using RealBenefits, hospital staff can screen him to see if he is qualified to file a claim with Medicaid. One Massachusetts hospital, Baystate Medical Center, reported a 50% increase in the number of Medicaid reimbursements it received in 2006 by using RealBenefits. Nonetheless, RealBenefits was still struggling to expand because of the difficulty of accessing capital. So the firm set out to find a buyer willing to continue its social mission. It eventually settled on Trillealix. a Connecticut - based health - care IT company. The June 2008 deal was worth $ 3 million to $ 4 million, Balaguer says. What change happened after RealBenefits went commercial in 2006?A. It didn't take community organizations as clients any more.B. It started to charge clients for the service it offered.C. Its service would not benefit low -income families.D. It made huge profits and was financially well - of

单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?

单选题I posilively believe that there's been no mistake.A. rationallyB. reasonablyC. certainlyD. boundly

单选题4 Sometimes it is {{U}}advisable{{/U}} to book hotels in advance.

单选题She stood there．{{U}}trembling{{/U}} with fear.

单选题They have built canals to irrigate the desert.

单选题The secret of his success is that he does everything efficiently .

单选题Elderly people easily become socially isolated .

单选题In the background was that {{U}}eternal{{/U}} hum

单选题Brain Train Millions of copies of console and computer- based" brain trainers" are sold worldwide every year, claiming to make peoples'brains younger, better, faster or bigger. The theory seems to make sense: regularly exercising the brain with tests and puzzles can improve brain skills and help people become better at everyday thinking tasks. But recent research suggests scientific evidence is lacking. The BBC's Brain Test Britain experiment wants to find out if brain training really works, and is aiming to get thousands of members of the public to train for 10 minutes a day ,three times a week ,for at least six weeks. Scientific experiments and their findings should be evaluated by independent experts in a process called "peer review". This is the minimum standard by which the quality of any research is judged. Very little research on commercial brain trainers has been peer reviewed. Instead, manufacturers often quote unsupported testimonials from" satisfied users". None of these are acceptable substitutes for peer review. A proper" control group" is the backbone of any valid scientific study. With a brain training study, the control group of participants should do the same amount of a mental activity as the brain - training group, but using a" non - brain training" activity such as a crossword. Scientists should then be able to compare the results from the two groups to see how genuinely effective the brain training tasks were. Studies that have been used to support the claims made by commercial brain trainers often have no control group at all, or a control group that is not as mentally active as the trained group. In order to see how much you have improved, you need to know where you were at the start. To do this. scientists use a" benchmarking test"—the same test, taken at the beginning and end of an experiment. Benchmarking tests should he different from the brain training tasks. This way, scientists can see if the effects of brain training are transferable to other mental tasks. Studies used to support the claims made by commercial brain trainers often use tests for benchmarking that are identical—or very similar—-to the tests used during training

单选题The National Park Service America"s national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing they"re out there makes you feel better. Hearing the names of these famous old friends—Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon—revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come. From Acadia to Zion, 369 national parks are part of a continually evolving system. Ancient fossil (化石的) beds, Revolutionary War battlefields, magnificent mountain ranges, and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country are all a part of our National Park System (N. P. S.). The care and preservation for future generations of these special places is entrusted (托管) to the National Park Service. Uniformed Rangers, the most visible representatives of the Service, not only offer park visitors a friendly wave, a helpful answer, or a thought-provoking history lesson, but also are skilled rescuers, firefighters, and dedicated resource protection professionals (专业人员). The National Park Service ranks also include architects, historians, archaeologists, biologists, and a host of other experts who preserve and protect everything from George Washington"s teeth to Thomas Edison"s wax recordings. Modern society has brought the National Park Service both massive challenges and enormous opportunities. Satellite and computer technologies are expanding the educational possibilities of a national park beyond its physical boundaries. Cities struggling to revive their urban cores are turning to the Park Service for expert assistance to preserve their cultural heritage, create pocket parks and green spaces, and re-energize local economies. Growing communities thirsty for recreational outlets are also working with the NPS to turn abandoned railroad tracks into bike and hiking trails, as well as giving unused federal property new life as recreation centers. To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities, the National Park Service has formed partnerships—some dating back 100 years, some only months old--with other agencies, state and local governments, corporations, American Indian tribes and Alaska Natives, Park Friends groups, cooperating associations, private organizations and community groups.

单选题A research center has been set up in this country.A. praisedB. establishedC. reformedD. criticized