填空题Are You a Successful Leader? 1. Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. At work or at play, you will I find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neigbhours wanting to make changes. It is now recognised that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success, partly because we need to do it so often. 2. In almost every situation where you're in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony. 3. Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carluccio says, "True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens. "They' re people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders, most people now recognise that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal. 4. Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Self confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader. Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent. They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgements under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.A. Most of good leaders are natural-born.B. It's important to have a good leader.C. People are in groups.D. These techniques are used to train leaders.E. Training can make good leaders.F. A good leader needs a variety of qualities.

填空题 Animal Intelligence Are Animals intelligent? If they are, which animals are the most intelligent? These are not easy questions to answer. In the first place, no one is quite sure what intelligence is. We often say that intelligence means being able to solve problems. (46) . For example, dogs and cats often find their way home from long distances. To do this they have to use their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds find their way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of miles every year when they move from cool to warmer places. We do not know how they do this but we know that they do not use their intelligence. (47) . Young birds are able to make these journeys without help as soon as they can fly. They are born with this ability. This is not intelligence. We call this 'instinct'. Often we cannot be sure whether an animal is acting intelligently or instinctively. When a dog hears a strange noise, it barks. This is instinct. It cannot stop itself from doing this. It does not really know why it is doing this. But supposing a house is on fire and the dog barks outside its master's bedroom until he wakes up, is the dog using its intelligence? (48) . Often we cannot be sure. Many animals, however, can be taught to sole problems, especially when they are given rewards. Rats have been taught to press a lever to get food. Pigeons have been taught to peck a disc for the same reason. Even an octopus(章鱼) has been trained to know the difference between a square and an oblong (长方形) ! Animals in circuses have been taught to do all sorts of tricks to amuse an audience. (49) . It is saying, "if I do this, I will get a reward. Therefore I will do it. " This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence. Some animals, however, show a much higher kind of intelligence. They solve problems without any help. Chimpanzees, one of the ape family, are much more intelligent than other animals. A chimpanzee once did something even more intelligent. He did not have a stick. He had two short tubes. Neither of the tubes was long enough to reach the banana but one was wider than the other. He jammed the narrow tube inside the wider tube and in this way made one tube long enough to reach the banana (50) . A．Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simply barking instinctively because it is afraid? B．Chimpanzees can solve certain problems without any help. C．Some animals seem able to do this. D．In all these cases we may say that an animal is using intelligence. E．In other words, he did not simply use a tool, which itself is intelligent: he made a tool. F．They do not remember places and directions and then make decisions.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～5段各其中4段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第 27～30题要求从所给的4个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Transport and Trade 1. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big in crease in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the global. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3. Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally, Foods, which at one time could be obtained (获得) only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A. Higher Living Standard B. Importance of Transport in Trade C. Various Means of Transport D. Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade E. Role of Information in Trade F. public Transportation

填空题Traffic Jams--No End in Sight 1. Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy. 2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing. 3. Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether. 4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them. 5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges. A. Not doing enough B. A global problem C. Changing work practice D. A solution which is no solution E. Paying to get in F. Closing city centres to traffic

填空题 Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what could happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling (盘问) is enormous. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}"The pressure is important to understand because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility. Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Of the 15 to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12 to 13-year-olds. "There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}A psychology Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A. In her experiment participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "Alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision." C. "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley. D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too." E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do? F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Stress{{/B}}1. How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is never, or hardly ever. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body,2. Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms—driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not as bad as it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can head to level performance and ill health.3. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties.4. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we invoke (调用) the fight mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other function, such as digestion, are neglected.5. It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.A. The harm of stressB. How much stress a person can withstandC. Our body's reaction to stressD. The forms and use of stressE. How to deal with stressF. Blood pressure and stress

填空题下面短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原位置，发恢复文章原貌。 The Value of Motherhood In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto(登录到)website, a small pop-up(弹出式菜单) invites you to book a bouquet(花 束) for her.{{U}} (46) {{/U}} The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more — enough to make her horrified. {{U}} (47) {{/U}}They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No.1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization(商品化) Mother's Day even got her arrested for disturbing the peace, interestingly. {{U}} (48) {{/U}}As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right. " But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. So they work hard and play hard.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} {{U}} (50) {{/U}}According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated : "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people." A. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. B. But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood. C. Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call or a visit. D. According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. E. As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. F. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.

填空题Geology and Health 1 The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the Dast few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. 2 The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people. 3 So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal - rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal -rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal - rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal - rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal- rich soil. 4 Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean -up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. 5 In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria. 6 There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long - term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.A. No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soilB. Potential hazards of human contaminated soilsC. Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chainD. Geology and health problemsE. Rocks - the ultimate source of soil pollutionF. Long -term health effects on children

填空题 A. by social and economic changes B. guided self-study and correspondence courses C. by studying together with children D. what they did not manage to learn earlier E. dates back to the eighteenth century F. mass production

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Looking to the Future{{/B}} When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a button." Food would be replaced by pills.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}. Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000?{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in "airbuses",. large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard of'. Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The City of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too.{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, mining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. {{U}} (5) {{/U}}In 1957, H. $. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain, "he answered. "Children will have reached the age of 43."A. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen.B. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep."C. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors.D. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market.E. Everyone may look to the future for it is always promising.E Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 19787"

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Why Would They Falsely Confess?{{/B}} Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}"The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility. Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Of the 15- to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12- to 13-year-olds. "There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation—not hours of aggressive questioning—and still, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."C. "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齿的)drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too."E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

填空题 You Need Courage! Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. (46) So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students.., and talking, and talking. (47) He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him 4down to 10 minutes. Decision time. I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p.m." I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (48) Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath, He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff." He smiled. (49) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (50) When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't. A I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door. B As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him. C I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have. D He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world. E I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class. F I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

填空题Active language learners seize every opportunity ______.

填空题 How to Interview People Interviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease as when you try it for the first time, and probably you'll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience. The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or three well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook or paper out of sight until you need it. There's nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you're dealing with, getting him or her to trust you. Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it's an actor, know what plays he has been in. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen. This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}You will both even begin to enjoy it—proof that you aren't forcing your victim to do something he doesn't really want to. A. Come back another day; it will go better. B. But at least half of the skill is mechanical. C. As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony. D. You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance. E. This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. F. Both of you need time to get to know each other.

填空题 Mind Those Manners on the Subway? So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway Car, enjoying that book you just but {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Or the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper (指甲刀) and begins cutting his or her nails. Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following: Let passengers get off the bus or subway Car before you can get on {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Stand away from the doors when they are closing. Don't talk loudly on a bus to subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying to others {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Don't think your bags and suitcases (手提箱) deserve a seat of their own. Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷嚏) .An uncovered sneeze can spread germs (细菌), especially in crowded places. Don't cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation. Don't read over other people's shoulder {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}It can make people uncomfortable. They might think you're too stingy (小气的) even to buy a newspaper or they might think you're judging their behavior. A. Don't eat food in your Car. B. Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway. C. We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable D. Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying E. Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all. F. Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading something with you

填空题On the faculty of the university there are ______.

填空题Messages from the Media The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers, books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television. " Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication—a book. We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.

填空题The first four minutes When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: 1 A lot of people"s whole lives would change if they did just that. You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met. 2 If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident, In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves." On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I"m not a friendly, self-confident person. That"s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way." 3 We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one." But isn"t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don"t actually feet that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one"s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one"s opinions and impressions. 4 For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. 5 that is at least as important as how much we know. A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. E. He keeps looking over the other person"s shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.

填空题 The Building of the Pyramids The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome. A. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin. B. It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved. C. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. D. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. E. Many people were killed while building the pyramids. F. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.

填空题A. Control of Respiration B. Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C. Role of Respiration D. Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E. Need for Clean Water F. Ways of Stopping Respiration