单选题The program is being carried out with great zeal by participants.

单选题The consequences go far beyond merely the loss of two pieces of property. Each satellite weighed more than half a metric ton and was moving at 7.5 kilometers per second. The resulting explosion was catastrophic (灾难性的), generating a massive cloud of cosmic debris—perhaps 100, 000 pieces of junk bigger than one centimeter in diameter, estimates David Wright, a space expert at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In one stroke, the accident increased by nearly a third the number of stray objects in the crucial 700 - to - 900 - kilometer band known as low Earth orbit (LEO). The junk cloud will eventually disperse around the entire planet, like a shroud(遮蔽物). According to David Wright's estimation, the explosion of the two satellites may result inA. 100,000 pieces of junk bigger than one centimeter in diameter.B. a massive cloud of cosmic debris beyond the low Earth orbit.C. a cloud of cosmic debris like a shroud around the sun.D. a third of the number of stray objects in the low Earth orbit.

单选题If the test taker finds an item to which an answer is not known, it may be {{U}}wise{{/U}} to leave it blank and go on with the test.

单选题The boys broke into excited cheering. A. burst B. blasted C. burned D. blazed

单选题Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day． A．physical B．energetic C．regular D．free

单选题Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others. A. easy B. possible C. likely D. difficult

单选题Everybody was glad to see Mary back.

单选题The Forbidden Apple New York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it's the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty(at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple. If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn't allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs(碎屑)of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It's illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn't it? Er...no. You can't smoke in public in New York City. What's going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want. The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $ 100,000 on a "Don't blame the cop' campaign. One New York police officer said, "We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It's all about money. " The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israeli tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, wo police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats(you mustn't use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway. The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter. says, "Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray. "He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray(烟灰缸). But not all of New York's inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, "The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live. "Nixon Patotkis, 38, a barman, said , "I like the new laws. If people smoked in here, we'd go home smelling of cigarettes. " Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. And it's true—it's safer, cleaner and more healthy than before. But let's be honest—who goes to New York for its clean streets?

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} TV Shows and Long Bus Trips Long bus rides are like televisions shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end — with commercials (商业的) thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. "Buy Super Clean Toothpaste." "Drink Good'n Wet Root Beer." "Fill up with Pacific Gas." Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!" The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you've traveled that way before . Usually some things have changed — new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense (悬念) story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left—hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you've got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there's a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you've sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rests —even with your hands crossed Behind your head. The end comes just at no more ways to sit.

单选题The once {{U}}barren{{/U}} hillsides are now good farmland. A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald

单选题Intellectual Revolution Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. Scraps of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless 1 on God"s earth. What we should 2 at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start 3 , and their culture will lead them as 4 as philosophy and as high as art. We have to remember that the valuable 5 development is self-development, and that it 6 takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve. In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call "inert ideas"-that is to say, ideas that are merely 7 into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most 8 phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a 9 generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at 10 intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically 11 with inert ideas. That is the reason why 12 clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible 13 of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity 14 greatness has been a 15 protest against inert ideas.

单选题Modern Sun Worshippers People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason why the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun! The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy"s 30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spain"s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living it/Spain. But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism, it"s getting worse. The French can"t figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Tropez. And in many places, swimming is dangerous because of pollution. None of this, however, is spoiling anyone"s fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously, they don"t go there for clean water and solitude. They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. They don"t even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is, the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines, it"s still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin, London, or Oslo.

单选题Preserving Nature for Future Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out. European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council"s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right. "No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction," he went on. "The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future." "We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends," Dr. Baum went on. "We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass. "

单选题Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.

单选题Plants and Mankind Botany (植物学), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, naedicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flew the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

单选题They didn"t realize how serious the problem was.

单选题In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insight through the use of such devices as questionnaires.

单选题Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 TV Games Shows One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight. This is the principle behind quiz or game shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they would turn the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later. Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.

单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter, according to the passage?