阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Happy Birthday to You The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics : it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal. One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America". {{U}}(47) {{/U}} The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it. Regardless of why it spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} "Happy Birthday to You. " for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own. Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock 'n' roll and all its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in American as well, as being "low-class", and then as "a danger to our nation's youth". {{U}}(50) {{/U}} And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U. S..A．As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B．But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.C．American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.D．The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E. American food has become popular around the world too.F. This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.

"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant--may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution. Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions. Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist." It could be as high as 30%," Pfenninger says. "I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing." Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU). The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.

How to Design Kitchen Well Over the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look hut a practical one. Also,the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family. Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of household materials,as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why it's important to consider adding a water filter system. The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. There's more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean up. When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment,it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood,cabinet fronts with glass panes,or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, handles and knobs are offered in a myriad of designs and finishes. Treat hardware as jewelry and don't be afraid to mix and match styles. Because many of today's kitchens consist of two or more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cooktops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing,the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement. Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen. Don't limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cooktops,one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit--think of it as saving time in the long run.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} Too Late to Regret It{{/B}} When I was a junior, I met a second-year student in my department. He wasn't tall or good-looking, but he was very nice, attractive and athletic. He had something that I admired very much. He was natural, warm, and sincere. I disregarded (不顾) my parents' disapproval. We were very happy together. He picked me up from my dorm every morning, and after class we would sit alongside the stream that ran through campus, or sunbathe (晒阳) on the lawn. At night he would walk me back to my dorm. He came from a poor family, but in order to make me happy, he borrowed money from his friend to buy presents and meals for me. Our fellow students looked up to him as a role model, and the girls envied (妒忌) me. He wasn't a local, but wanted to stay here after graduation. I thought we had a future together. However, when I got a part-time job during the summer vacation, people began giving me a lot of pressure, saying that a pretty, intelligent girl like me should find a better guy to spend time with. This was also what my family thought. He spent the summer in his hometown, so I was all by myself. When he got back, I began finding fault with him. But his big heart and warmth soon drove all unpleasant thoughts away. However, I had no idea how badly I had hurt him and that things would get worse. I had a good part-time job off campus that paid pretty well. With my good performance at school, I also got admission to graduate school at one of China's best universities. He, on the other hand, did not do so well at school or at work. I had to worry about his living expenses, job and scores. Almost all my colleagues and friends advised me to break up with him. Then we had a quarrel last June. He was in great pain, and my cold words and bad moods started turning him away. Graduation time was drawing near, and he said he wanted to go back to his hometown. He said that he couldn't put up with me anymore. I was shocked and looked at him in despair. True love happens only once, but I found it out too late.

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are {{U}}(51) {{/U}} enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容) of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely {{U}}(52) {{/U}}, and children are often allowed to do {{U}}(53) {{/U}} they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him {{U}}(54) {{/U}} question, and children are encouraged to be {{U}}(55) {{/U}} at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom {{U}}(56) {{/U}} far. Others think that a strong father image would not {{U}}(57) {{/U}} the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to {{U}}(58) {{/U}} their parental families by the time they have {{U}}(59) {{/U}} their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a {{U}}(60) {{/U}} , a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious {{U}}(61) {{/U}} for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live {{U}}(62) {{/U}} the age of 70. The job-retirement age is {{U}}(63) {{/U}} 65. The children have left home, married, and {{U}}(64) {{/U}} their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. {{U}}(65) {{/U}} the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.

{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} Schooling and Education{{/B}} It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no limits, it can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or in a theatre. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy (婴儿期) on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong (一生的) process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (基本的) part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned (指定的) seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are words or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}} A Society Without a Formal Authority{{/B}} In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority? Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government' all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large, The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

语法与词汇Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard to (detect).

语法与词汇The sound of the drums was (distinct) even from a distance.

语法与词汇Rose stood there until she finally lost sight of the train.

语法与词汇His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.

语法与词汇(Subsequent) events proved the man to be right.

语法与词汇The technicians (conducted) investigations before they put forward the suggestions at the meeting.

语法与词汇How many radios will your factory (turn out) this year?

语法与词汇A seismograph is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the ground.

语法与词汇The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.

语法与词汇When he got out of the managers office, from his facial expression we knew that his proposal must have been (turned down).

语法与词汇The kinds of the oil use (affect) your health.