填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的横线内。 {{B}}How to Argue with Your Boss{{/B}} Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss' secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss' secretary, there are keys to timing: don't approach the boss when he's on deadline; don't go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; don't go in just before or after he has taken a vacation. If you're mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don't let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you. Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it. Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can't put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can't get past the secretary. To deal effectively with a boss, it's important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work you to achieve your goals.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Stanford University{{/B}}1 Stanford University, famous as one of northern California's several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West." The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.3 Not only because of the high caliber (素质) of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world's most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch, Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenistsyn has been in residence. Stanford's undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.4 What is student life like on "The Farm"? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the university's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union's coffee house; here the beverages (饮料) and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part or the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging.5 In addition to financial support from alumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic (慈善的) foundations. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology,, education, and atomic energy. At present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.

填空题 Mind Those Manners on the Subway? So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just bought. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Or the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper (指甲刀) and begins cutting his or her nails. Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following: Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Stand away from the doors when they are closing. Don't talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying to others {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Don't think your bags and suitcases (手提箱) deserve a seat of their own. Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). An uncovered sneeze can spread germs (细菌), especially in crowded places. Don't cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation. Don't read over other people's shoulder {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}it can make people uncomfortable. They might think you're too stingy (小气的) even to buy a newspaper or they might think you're judging their behavior. A. Don't eat food in your car. B. Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway. C. We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable D. Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying E. Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all. F. Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading something with you

填空题下面短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原位置，发恢复文章原貌。 What We Take from and Give to the Sea As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it. We take fishes from the ocean — millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates (蒸发). (47) {{/U}}Much gold and silver drift dissolved (溶解) in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (48) {{/U}}Seaweed becomes food of many kinds — even candy, and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. (49) {{/U}}But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late. A. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. C. The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. D. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. E. We even use their bones for fertilizer. F. Some of its contents may cause illness.

填空题 Teach Your Child Science 1. It is important to make your child interested in science from an early age. Most young children ask a lot of questions and you should give careful scientific answers. Don't only give facts but try to give explanations as well. 2. Science is not just knowledge; it is a way of thinking, a method of finding out about the world. We see something. We try to explain it, and we test our idea by setting up all experiments. One day yon come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over. You think it might be the wind from the open window or the cat, So you close the window, but leave the cat in and see what happens (you can also try leaving the window open and shunning the cat out). Of course, you remember there may be a third explanation. 3. Ask your child to get a piece of string, some salt, a glass of water and an ice cube (冰块). Tell her to put the ice in the water, and then put one end of the string on the ice, leaving the other end over the side of the class. Put a lime salt on the ice. Wait a minute, and then pull the string, it should be attached to the ice. Ask the child: "what has happened?" 4. Probably she won't know. Ask her whether fresh water or salt water freezes into ice first. If you live near the sea and have a cold winter, she should know fresh water freezes first as she will have seen that happen. Show her how to test the idea by half-filling two paper cups with water. Then put them in the icebox and check every three minutes. Write the results in a table. The conclusion will be that salt changes the behavior of water, thinking about the string, we see the salt turned some of the ice into water. Then the salt went away into the water and the ice froze again leaving the string attached. 5. Then you can ask, "Will water will salt boil at the same temperature as water without salt?" She can think, tell you her idea and (taking care the heat) you can test it in the kitchen. A. What exactly is science B. How do you find an explanation C. What topics do you need D. How do you answer your child's questions E. Where does your child study science F. How do you set up the experiment on salt and water

填空题A industrially polluted soils B rock and soil chemistry C naturally polluted soils D the pathways of metals into the food chain E the element of iodine F the persistence of heavy metals

填空题A. to send goods to various parts of the worldB. at any time during the yearC. has greatly promoted tradeD. is it possible to produce on a large scale E the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scale

填空题A. that his teammates cannot help admiring himB. that he is often yelled at by the coachC. who can play basketball so wellD. because he had been injuredE. if Houston hopes to winF. since he returned

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字。请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Explanation{{/B}} What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and reduction. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. Presumably, the person was frightened 'earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response—fear. Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cell. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to descriptions of physiological processes. How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different conditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms: {{U}}(50) {{/U}}. A. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. B. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another. C. Most psychologists deal with generalization. D. How scientists differ in their approaches to explaining natural phenomena. E. This means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behaviour occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occur. F. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena—including human behavior—are subject to the laws of physics.

填空题How to Get along Well with Your Boss 1 Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss's secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss's secretary, there are keys to timing don't approach the boss when he's on deadline, don't go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed, don't go in just before or after he has token a vacation. 2 If you're mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don't let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then maybe he will dismiss you. 3 Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it. 4 Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can't put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can't get past the secretary. 5 To deal effectively with a boss, it's important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals. A Keep your voice low all the time B Put yourself in the boss's position C Propose your solution D Don't go in when you are angry E Make the issue clear F Never give in

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} English and English Community{{/B}}1 There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.

填空题False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks (鲨鱼) are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. (1) A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, US, proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. (2) There, kids Call learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. "People fear what they don't know," said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean's food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection." (3) A study, published in January in the US magazine, Science, found that almost all recoded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to 15 years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. (4) "Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks, "said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium's ocean health program. (5) A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers.B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans.C. In fact, 94 percent of the world's 400 species are harmless to humans.D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish.E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children.F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 meter lon

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Earthquake{{/B}} 1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. 3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift. 4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. 5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.

填空题A. can be found in ParisB. the major events of the nationC. of the country's industriesD. a lot of cinemas and theatersE. has been growing steadilyF. has been decreasing rapidly

填空题 How We Form First Impression 1. We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her—aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. 2. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person's eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously process incoming sensory information—the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层) system to determine what these new signals "mean". 3. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says "familiar and safe". If you see someone new, it says, "new-potentially, threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other "known" memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, "This is new. I don't like this person." Or else, "I'm intrigued". Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures—like your other friends; so your brain says: "I like this person." But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong. 4. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people—their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character—we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person's character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. A. Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B. Comment on First Impression C. Illustration of First Impression D. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information against Memories E. Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F. Differences among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} How to Be Paied Attention in the First Four Minutes{{/B}} When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes", he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships:"{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. " You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says," People like people who like themselves. " On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say," But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to that way. " {{U}} (48) {{/U}}. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "it is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, hut it goes much better than the old one. " But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin," total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions. {{U}} (49) {{/U}}. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. That is at least as important as how much we know. A．In reply. Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits B．Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. C．In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D．Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. E．He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. F．He is eager to make friends with everyone.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for oue minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage. Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately. The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking{{U}} (47) {{/U}}.The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero. The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls "social justice". If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable{{U}} (48) {{/U}}. Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer. We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks. One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank. Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic. A) So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone. B) The other bank was less automated and took twice as long. C) When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes. D) His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time. E) It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone. F) Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Financial Risks{{/B}} Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk. {{U}} (46) {{/U}} They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. {{U}} (49) {{/U}} Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market. Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs. A Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. B One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business1. D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. E Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning. F Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.

填空题Earthquake Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.

填空题Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ______.