填空题Ford 1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford' s Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5 a day minimum Wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average Wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime" and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible to all The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter, except for making it possible for more people to buy cars. A Ford's Followers B The Assembly Line C Ford's Great Dream D The Establishment of the Company E Ford's Biggest Contribution F Ford's Great Talent

填空题 Old Man Myths and Realities 1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it's when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70—75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that's really about all we know. 4. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.

填空题Pool Watch 1 The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard"s pager (携带式电子呼叫机). In trials at a pool in Ancenis, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. 2 AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers" trajectories (轨迹). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. "The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around," says McQuade. The software does this by "projecting" a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. 3 To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software"s "pre-alert" list, says McQuade. 4 Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool"s floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer"s location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. 5 Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools—and he was once an underwater escapologist (擅长从捆扎的绳索中脱身的杂技演员) with a circus. "I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives," he says. A．But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory. B．One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork (时钟机构) radio. C．Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. D．Baylis says that any local authority spending ￡30,000—plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim. E．Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. F．Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras.

填空题Why Would They Falsely Confess ? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous. (1) "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is. to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess. " Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. (2) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility. Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess. 59 per cent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. (3) Of the 15-to-16-year-olds, 72 per cent signed confessions, as did 78 per cent of the 12-to-13-year-olds. "There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. (4) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire " interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. (5) A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. " C. " It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley. D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too. " E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do? F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

填空题Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing? 1. In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering(工程) techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. 2. Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic (图标的)jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants (顾问) and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 3. Although the country's trade deficit was more than ￡60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical(制药学的) industry and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services — accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock' n' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. 4. However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany(61 percent)and Sweden(47 percent). 5. In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy — there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector — in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes. A. Growth of Economy B. "Servant" Economy C. Strength of the Creative Economy D. Weakness of the Creative Economy E. Gift of Talking F. Export of Talking Machines

填空题 Memory Test 1. "I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school," promised lecturer an Robinson to a hundred school children. He slapped his hand down on the table. "When I've finished in two hours' time, your work will he far more effective and productive. Anyone not interested, leave now." The entire room sat still. 2. Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师). He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible, and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术). "I have always been interested in tricks involving memory being able to reel off (一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack, that sort of thing." he explains. 3. Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable. "It wasn't difficult area to move into, as the stuff's all there in books." So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4. "You want to learn a list of a hundred things? A thousand? No problem," says Robinson. The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life. The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant. "I wish I'd been told this earlier," commented Mark, after Robinson had shown them how to construct "mental journeys" 5. Essentially, you visualize (想象) a walk down a street, or a trip round a room, and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember the lamppost, the fruit bowl. Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs, historical dates, whatever making them as strange as possible. It is that simple, and it works. 6. The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic. "The pupils benefited enormously from his presentation," says Dr. Johnston, head of the school where Robinson was speaking. "ideally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually." A. Good results B. An ancient skill C. Gaining attention D. Memory tricks E. A lecture on memory techniques F. Ways to improve memory

填空题Transport and Trade 1. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big in crease in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the global. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3. Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally, Foods, which at one time could be obtained (获得) only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A. Higher Living Standard B. Importance of Transport in Trade C. Various Means of Transport D. Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade E. Role of Information in Trade F. public Transportation

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Fasion{{/B}}1. For anyone who is set on a career in fashion it is not enough to have succeeded in college. The real test is whether they can survive and become established during their early 20s making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can count for much as talent and creativity.2. Fashion is a hard business skills can count for much as talent and creativity. Fashion is a hard business. There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant breakneck speed to prepare for the next season's collections. It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to cultivate good coverage in newspapers and magazines. It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is insatiable.3. "We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is," says Lydia Kemeny, the head of fashion at St. Martin's School of Arts in London, "and we point out that drive and determination are essential."4. This may seem far removed from the popular image of trendy and amateur young people spending their time designing pretty dresses. That may well be what. they do in their first year of study but a good college won't be slow in introducing students to commercial realities. We don't stamp on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the constrains of price, manufacturability, marketing and so on.5. Almost all fashion design is done to a brief. It is not a form of self-expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and innovation. Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a manufacturer or fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer. Even those students who are most progressive in their own taste of clothes and image may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream Marks and Spencer type of market. They also have to be able to work at both the exclusively expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be more demanding than where money is no object.A. Adjustment of young people's styleB. Disadvantage of college educationC. What fasion isD. The importance of creativityE. Warning from KemenyF. The use of fasion

填空题Telepathy—mind to mind contact 1. Telepathy is the ability to communicate without the use of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste). It is an instinct, and although quite dormant in many of us, we are often capable of tapping into our latent abilities in times of emergency or need. 2. Where this instinct lies is uncertain. Some say that it is located in the huge area of our brains that are wholly unused, whereas others argue that instinct existed before the brain evolved and must therefore lie else—where in the body. 3. When we intuitively know that something is happening, or about to happen, our instinct has kicked in. We are drawing upon resources within the unconscious mind. When the resources of two unconscious minds link together into the same frequency, we call it Telepathy. 4. Telepathy can be either projective or perceptive, we either send or receive. If you know who is calling before you answer the ringing phone, you are probably a good receiver. If you think of a person, and they call you, you are most likely better at sending. 5. You can easily put your abilities to the test. Think of somebody and will them to contact you. Be patient, the other person may not be a good receiver, but they should contact you much earlier than would normally be expected. Or whenever the phone rings, try "feeling" who"s contacting you. Don"t guess, try to feel the vibrations. However, if neither of these work for you, that doesn"t mean that you are not capable of telepathy. As mentioned earlier, telepathy is most likely to kick in under circumstances of emergency. 6. Telepathic Dreams. Dreams often contain telepathic messages. Two people may both dream of the other, and find that their dreams had a distinct connection. These people are probably mutually linking to the unconscious mind. A projection of the mind a form of astral projection. 7. Telepathy the other is that there is usually a strong desire to communicate.

填空题The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure ______.

填空题A. to give the boss your adviceB. how he is feelingC. the boss may haveD. what you really want to talk to him aboutE. without suggesting a way to solve itF. how unhappy you are

填空题Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century 1 , which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue 2 . Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (PUI). You wilt frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers 3 . A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and 4 . Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined 5 . Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs F. owned by a single person or organization

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. 1 Many of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山). Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 2 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. 3 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. 4 You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on. The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. 5 Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. They"re like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. F. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral.

填空题Ceasing to Wear Ties 1. It"s useless. It"s dirty. It spreads disease. That"s why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties. 2. That leads to another question. Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate. 3. Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries (雇佣军) in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats (围巾), these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie. 4. It"s an interesting story, but it doesn"t tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks. The answer seems to be about identification (身份证明). In the 19 th -century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments (团), sports clubs, schools and gentleman"s clubs. Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain"s most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger class—the business class. 5. You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery. So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world. 6. Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising. Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties.

填空题Travelling Is MV Life 1．I am very fortunate. I am now a much-travelled woman, but until I was 20 I had never been anywhere more remote than Londan. And coming from a country village in the far south I was struck by the architectural beauty of the capital. I understood immediately why foreign tourists descend on it in their thousands. 2．The first time I traveled abroad was when I went over to France on a cross Channel ferry. It was a school trip to Paris for a week, and I thought it was wonderful. The sights, the sounds, the smells, the language—they were all wonderful. I had never experienced anything like it, and the week had a profound effect on me. It gave me the travel bug! 3．As a young girl I was always shy of strangers. I certainly had no plans to travel a lot. I left school and trained as a journalist on a local paper and somehow slowly began to concentrate on travel. I had a procession of jobs before I got this one with the magazine. Although I still write articles on other subjects, my main occupation now is writing travel and tourism. 4．I can appreciate now why tourists go halfway across the world to visit a place. I was brought up in the vicinity of a major British tourist attraction, but never went there myself and couldn"t understand foreign visitors. You read about something halfway across the world and want to see it for yourself. I remember that was just why I went walking in the Himalayas and looked up at Everest, and why I went on a strange but wonderful cruise in the Antarctic. You can read about a place, but it is totally different to be there, to see, feel, smell and hear everything yourself. 5．Perhaps not surprisingly I have been to a lot of popular tourist resorts in Europe, Africa, the Far East and the West Indies, for example. But I like to try and find those unknown, inaccessible places—not only for myself, but also for people who want something different. Sometimes it"s frightening. I remember visiting a village on the side of a steep hill in Bolivia where the inhabitants stood motionless as I walked in and didn"t move until I walked out. 6．The career of the previous travel writer on the magazine I work for now came to an abrupt end when he quite simply disappeared somewhere in South America. He was on a special journey and had told someone at his hotel that he had found a native to ferry him up a river to some remote villages in the jungle. Nothing has been heard from him since then. One day I"d like to try and find out what happened to him.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章螈有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Economic Growth The economy of a nation requires{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Total output must grow if the country is to absorb about 1.5 million new workers who enter the labor force each year and more workers who are replaced each year as a form of technological change. If the nation produced the same level of output each year,instead of increasing it,people would have fewer jobs,growing unemployment, and a decline in the per-capita(人均的)income of the nation. To maintain or increase the existing standard of living and to prevent unemployment from rising,{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. Higher rates of employment and substantial per-capita output gains seem to occur when the real economic growth rate is over 3%,as it was in the years 1983 through 1988. Recent experience shows that, with a real growth rate of less than 2.5%,the U.S. economy suffers from{{U}} (48) {{/U}}. For example,unemployment at the end of 1990 was 5.4% of the labor force. But by the end of 1991,unemployment was more than 6.6% of the labor force. Why did this happen? Simply because the real output of goods and services declined in 1991. New members into the labor force could not be absorbed,so{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. Furthermore,a large number of workers withdrew from the labor force altogether because{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. Instead of rising in 1991,the real GDP actually fell 0.7 %. Real GDP rose again in 1992 by 2.6% ,but unemployment also rose to 7.3% of the labor force. GDP continued to rise during 1993,gained a 3%. At the same time unemployment stood at 6.80% of the labor force. Per-capita income also grew again during 1993. A) unemployment rose B) they were unable to find work C) a healthy rate of economic growth D) out of work E) they must increase real gross domestic product (GDP) continuously F) higher unemployment and limited gains in per-capita output and income

填空题Feed the World with Potatoes 1 As food prices continue to rise rapidly, there is growing concern about the effect it will have among the world"s poor. 2 Increasingly, experts are looking to the potato as a possible low-cost solution to feeding the hungry. To emphasize the issue, the United Nations has called the potato "a hidden treasure", and named 2008 the International Year of the Potato. Here"s how potatoes could end the food crisis. 3 The potato matures more quickly, on less land and in harsher climates than most other major crops. Up to 85 percent of the plant is eatable, compared with around 50 percent of cereals. Its broad adaptability to a wide variety of farming systems is also noteworthy. 4 Potatoes are an excellent source of complex carbohydrates ( 碳水化合物), which release their energy slowly, and have only 5 percent of wheat"s fat content. They contain only a quarter of the calories of bread and, according to the Potato Center, when boiled, potatoes have more protein and nearly twice the calcium (钙) as corn. Additionally, they are good sources of vitamin C, iron, potassium (钾) and zinc (锌). 5 The Food and Agricultural Organization recently surveyed food price inflation in over 70 of the poor countries. Cereal price inflation was much higher and far more widespread than for potatoes. A significant factor behind the potato"s affordability is the fact that unlike other agricultural products, the potato is not yet a global commodity, and has therefore not attracted speculative investors. Raw potatoes are heavy and can rot during transit, so global trade has been slow to take off. Also, potatoes are susceptible (易受影响的) to infection with disease, hindering (阻碍) export. According to analysts" estimates, less than 5 percent of potatoes are traded internationally, with prices driven primarily by local tastes instead of international demand.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Even Intelligent People Can Fail{{/B}}1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.

填空题A New Citizenship Test1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.2 "The goal is to make it more meaningful," explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better "understanding and respect" for US civic (公民的) values, Gonzalez says.3 The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country's "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay (同性恋的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores (风俗)".4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (少数民族聚居区 ) in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.5 Officials believe that a person's attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化) themselves. "Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?" says Ali Noorani , of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟).

填空题A) 1959 constitutional amendment B) southeast Asia C) 1960s D) rainy E) 1991 constitutional amendment F) 1980s