单选题It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interesting gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island ( probably off the New England coast)and return home. He and his soft made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a" legal" title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans' interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south. The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus's first voyage. The English Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590. The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginian companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.A. The ancient Chinese.B. The ancient Egyptians.C. The ancient Babylonians.D. The ancient Indians.

单选题Thomas’ success can be attributed to

单选题Heat Is Killer Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can 1 serious medical problems—even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural 2 kill thousands of people every year. So 3 extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature"s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed 4 killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can 5 health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not 6 much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body. Doctors say people can do many things to 7 themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made 8 natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is 9 , permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger 10 of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a(n) 11 of heat stress. The pain is a 12 that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity, rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical 13 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop. Doctors say some people face an 14 danger from heat stress. Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take 15 for high blood pressure, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression.

单选题The new students were surprised by what they saw on campus.A. movedB. touchedC. shockedD. worried

单选题I"d consider his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.

单选题In the United States there are more people who are {{U}}obese{{/U}} today than twenty years ago.

单选题What does Jerry Bingham express by saying "1 remain to be convinced"?

单选题Have you talked to her lately ?

单选题第二篇 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no limits. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or in a theatre. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy (婴儿期) on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong (一生的) process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (基本的) part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned (指定的) seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are words or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

单选题Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members,Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.

单选题He is renowned for his skill. A. remembered B. recommended C. praised D. well-known

单选题He has been granted asylum in France.

单选题A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firm's products.A. investedB. introducedC. installedD. insisted

单选题 {{B}}Religious belief and health{{/B}} Religious beliefs are not always a source of comfort during iii health: they may actually increase your risk of dying. A study of nearly 600 older hospital patients, 95 percent of whom were Christian, showed negative feelings evoked by religious beliefs sometimes predicted mortality. Key factors that increased the risk of death were feelings of being "abandoned or punished" by God, "believing the devil caused the illness", or "feeling abandoned by one's faith community", the study by researchers at Duke University Medical Centre and Bowling Green State University showed. "The study reminds us that religion... can, at times, be a source of problems in it self, "says lead author Kenneth Pargament. Several studies have demonstrated a reduced risk of death among those who attend church regularly, but the new research, published in today's Archives of Internal Medicine, is the first to examine negative aspects of religiousness. Patients who reported feeling alienated from God or who blamed the devil had a 19 to 28 percent increased risk of dying during the following two years, say the researchers, who found no association between gender, race, diagnosis, brain function, independence, depression, or quality of life with mortality. Duke University's Dr Harold Koenig said anger and frustration were normal grief responses when people discovered health problems. Those who were religious and were able to reconnect with God and their spiritual feeling could use those resources for support. But those who continued to experience conflict could be making their health worse. "Those people are in trouble and doctors need to know about it," he said. "Doctors need to be assessing their patients for these kinds of feelings." Referral to clergy may then be helpful. He said more than two-thirds of medical schools in the United States had courses that trained students on how to take a patient's spiritual history, a trend that recognized the growing body of evidence about the mind-body connection.

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文巾没有提及，请选择C。 The Race into Space American millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous．He was the first tourist in space．“I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint，it was two separate lives，”Tito explained．He loved his time in space．“Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have．” This kind of experience isn't cheap．It cost $20 million．However，Tito achieved his dream，so he was happy．“For me it was a life dream．It was a dream that began when I didn't have any money，”he told reporters． On 30 April 2002，Mark Shuttleworth became the world's second space tourist．Shuttleworth is a South African businessman．At the age of twenty-eight，he also paid$20 million for the eight-day trip． Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures．The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space．The spaceship to take them doesn't exist yet． Many of the customers are people who like adventure．They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma．Other customers are people who love space．However，these people are worried．Because it's so expensive，only very rich people can go into space．They want space travel to be available to more people． That day may soon be here．Inter Orbital Systems(IOS)plans to send up to four tourists a week into space．The tours will depart from an island in Tonga．The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California，seven days in space，and a vacation in Tonga，for $2 million． However，space flight is still very dangerous．Bill Readdy is NASA's deputy assistant administrator for space flight．He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500．Because of this，it may take time before space tourism really takes off．You might be able to go up，b ut will you come down?

单选题Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer? Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals. Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, U. S. , and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent"s (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness--and not necessarily diet--promotes long life in " calorie (热量卡) restricted" animals. "It"s very cool work," says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It"s like heaven. " Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet. But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn"s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin. To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab mice-but only in their fat cells. "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn. This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn"s modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight. In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all the control mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive. "That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial," says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging. But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals. "It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life, " he points out," and that would be very interesting. "

单选题Taking Showers" Can Make You III" Showering may be bad for your health, say US scientists, who have shown that dirty shower heads can deliver a face full of harmful bacteria. Tests revealed nearly a third of devices harbour significant levels of Mycobacterium avium, a bug that causes lung disease. Levels of M. avium were 100 times higher in shower head than those found in typical household water supplies. M. avium forms a biofilm that clings to the inside of the shower head, repofls the National Academy of Science. In the Proceedings journal, the study authors say their findings might explain why there have been more cases of these lung infections in recent years, linked with people tending to take more showers and fewer baths. When the researchers swabbed and tested 50 shower heads from nine cities in seven different states in the US, including New York City and Denver, they found 30% of the devices posed a potential risk. Lead researcher Professor Norman Pace, said:" If you are getting a face full of water when you first turn your shower on, that means you are probably getting a particularly high load of Mycobacterium avium, which may not be too healthy. " While it is rarely a problem for most healthy people, those with weakened immune systems, like the elderly, pregnant women or those who are fighting off other diseases, can be susceptible to infection. Water spurting from shower heads can distribute bacteria - filled droplets that suspend them selves in the air and can easily be inhaled into the deepest parts of the lungs, say the scientists from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Since plastic shower heads appear to "load up" with more bacteria- rich biofilms, metal shower heads may be a good alternative, said Professor Pace. Showers have also been identified as a route for spreading other infectious diseases, including a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease and chest infections with a bacterium called Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hot tubs and spa pools carry a similar infection risk, according to the Health Protection Agency.

单选题Success There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly. For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement. A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, "You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort./

单选题Why Not Eat Breakfast ? Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, it is also the most neglected or skipped. Common reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast, and dieting. Breakfast simply means "break the fast." Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy to rev up (转动起来) into high gear for the day's work ahead. If you skip breakfast, you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning, feel irritable, short-tempered (易怒的), tired, or weak. When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear. Also, people who skip breakfast often binge (无节制地大吃) later in the day at other meals or eat a high - calorie (高卡路里) snack in the morning. Breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day, have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem -solving ability. A good breakfast should provide up to 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On the average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning. If you still aren't hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a mid -morning snack later when you are hungry. Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slowed state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently. If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become extremely hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat. Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right fuel is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.

单选题What is the writer’s tone towards haute couture business?