单选题 {{B}}Crashed Cars to Text Message for Help{{/B}} There is no good place to have a car crash — but some places are worse than others. In a foreign country, for instance,{{U}} (1) {{/U}}to explain via cellphone that you are upside down in a ditch when you cannot speak the local language can fatally delay the arrival of the emergency services. But an answer may be at hand. Researchers funded by the European Commission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that{{U}} (2) {{/U}}senses when a car has crashed and sends a text message, telling emergency services in the 10 language that the accident has taken place. The system was{{U}} (3) {{/U}}by ERTICO, a transport research organization based in Brussels, Belgium. Cars are fitted with a cellphone-sized device attached{{U}} (4) {{/U}}the underside of the dashboard which is activated by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash. The device{{U}} (5) {{/U}}a cellphone circuit, a GPS positioning unit and a microphone and loudspeaker. It registers the severity of the crash by{{U}} (6) {{/U}}the deceleration data from the airbag's sensor. Using GPS information, it works out which country the car is in, and from this it determines{{U}} (7) {{/U}}which language to compose an alert message detailing precise location of the accident. The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency service{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. If the car's occupants are conscious, they can communicate with the operator{{U}} (9) {{/U}}the speaker and microphone. E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license number, and its heading' when it crashed, which indicates on which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up. This{{U}} (10) {{/U}}the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they arrive on the scene. "We can waste a large{{U}} (11) {{/U}}time searching for an incident," says Jim Hammond, a (an){{U}} (12) {{/U}}in vehicle technology at the Association of Chief Polic Officers in the UK. Tests will begin soon with police car fleets in the UK. Trials have already started in Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. In-car systems.., that summon the emergency services after a crash have{{U}} (13) {{/U}}been fitted in some premium cars. ERTICO says that{{U}} (14) {{/U}}EU states are willing to fund the necessary infrastructure, E-merge could be working by 2008. A study by French car maker Renault concluded that the system could save up to 6,000 of the 40,000 lives lost each year on Europe's roads, and prevent a similar number of serious injuries. The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per{{U}} (15) {{/U}}in terms of reduced costs to health services and insurance companies, and fewer lost working days. cellphone n. 移动电话，手机 underside n. 下侧；底面 dashboard n. (车辆的)挡泥板; (汽车的)仪表板 sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件 airbag n. (安全)气囊 severity n. 严重(性) deceleration n. 减速 occupant n. 占有人，占用者

单选题A Society Without a Formal Authority In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!" Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have gown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system, in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

单选题Gooseneck barnacles attach themselves to objects such as docks and boats.

单选题Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} Home Heating{{/B}} Central heating became popular only after the Civil War. Typically, coal-burning furnaces (火炉) fueled the early systems. Natural gas had developed into the leading fuel by 1960. Its acceptance resulted in part from its wide uses. Because it comes primarily from U.S. and Canadian fields, natural gas is also less vulnerable (脆弱的) than oil is to war. Oil remains the most important fuel in a few areas, such as New England. Electric heating dominates most areas with mild winters and cheap electricity, including the South and the Northwest. It was made popular at least in the South by the Iow cost of adding electric heating to new houses built with air-conditioning. Bottled gas, which is somewhat more expensive than utility gas, is the fuel of choice in rural areas not served by utility pipelines. Wood is the leading heating fuel in just a few rural counties. Home heating, which accounts for less than 7 percent of all energy consumed in the U.S., has had a commendable (值得赞扬的) efficiency record: from 1978 to 1997, the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose declined 44 percent despite a 33 percent increase in the number of housing units and an increase in house size. The U. S. Department of Energy, however, forecasts that energy used in home heating will rise by 14 percent over the next two decades. That rise is small considering an expected 21 percent increase in the number of houses and the trend toward larger houses. Natural gas and electricity will probably dominate the home heating market for the next two decades. Solar (太阳的) heating never became popular because of cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas; in 2000 only 47, 000 homes relied on it.

单选题Do you need anybody to {{U}}assist{{/U}} you in your work?

单选题The French Revolution was a period of disorder, but produced some great literature.

单选题They always mock me because I am ugly.A. smile atB. look down onC. belittleD. laugh at

单选题Their parents once lived under very severe conditions.

单选题The author thinks that if more people share a ride, there would be

单选题A limited number of books on this subject are in the library.

单选题Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕) record for mining ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven: free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Bedim Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

单选题阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 {{B}} Annual Performance Reviews{{/B}} In theory, annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division,{{U}} (51) {{/U}}morale (士气) ,and spark anger and jealousy.{{U}} (52) {{/U}}, although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the{{U}} (53) {{/U}}result. A programmer at a brokerage (经纪) firm was shocked to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion{{U}} (54) {{/U}}she wasn't a "team player", What were the data used to make this{{U}} (55) {{/U}}? She didn't smile in the company photo. {{U}} (56) {{/U}}this story might sound as if it came straight out of a comic strip, it is a true{{U}} (57) {{/U}}of one woman's experience. By following a few tips and guidelines (准则) from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal (厄运) can be avoided. To end the year{{U}} (58) {{/U}}a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to{{U}} (59) {{/U}}clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to submit a list of people{{U}} (60) {{/U}}with the company who will be in a good position to{{U}} (61) {{/U}}their performance at the end of the year; these people may be coworkers, suppliers, or even customers. By checking employees progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide{{U}} (62) {{/U}}to those who need it before the year is out. When conducting the review, managers should{{U}} (63) {{/U}}strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame. {{U}} (64) {{/U}}, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should he focusing on{{U}} (65) {{/U}}they can do in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.

单选题{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}Obesity (肥胖): the scourge (祸害) of the Western World{{/B}} Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference — of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries — 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said: "Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent. "But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said: "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man." "I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization." Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, "Eighty per cent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints." "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure." Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier." Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets." The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy, for their population group. scourge n. 天灾；祸害 obesity n. 肥胖症 overrun vt. 侵扰；蹂躏 obese adj. 肥胖的 diabetic n. 糖尿病患者；adj.糖尿病的 medication n. 药物疗法 adipose adj. 脂肪的；肥胖的 metabolism n. 新陈代谢

单选题The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive 1 but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious 2 . The Old City of London gates were all 3 by the end of the 18th century. The last of London"s gates was removed a century ago, but by a 4 of luck, it was never destroyed. This gate is, in 5 fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the 6 between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in 7 because its design was 8 it was expensive to 9 and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was 10 in the 1970"s with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the 11 of the nation"s architectural heritage. Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it 12 , stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul"s Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be 13 , though there is a good 14 that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest 15 of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.

单选题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}}The difference between men and women shoppers{{/B}} Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly and chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slight problems many begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else—he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish: "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It happens to be the colour you mentioned. "Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on." Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She had never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look round". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provides chairs for the waiting husbands.

单选题Your hair {{U}}wants{{/U}} cutting you'd better have it done tomorrow,

单选题As aquatic plants moved millions of years ago from the ocean to the land, they underwent a number of adaptations.

单选题There was a profound silence after his remark.

单选题The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity. A. place B. medium C. resort D. tunnel