填空题 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Farmers' Markets Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was 14. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} "You don't often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating, "she said. " There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!" Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} "I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay, "he said. "I guess it's a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn't appeal. For young, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world. "For Robinson, farming doesn't offer much "in terms of money or lifestyle. "Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing farming rewards: "providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature. " Farming is a big political issue in the UK. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming. Jamie Oliver's 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue. This national concern spells (带来) hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} "I started going to Farmers' Markets in direct defiance (蔑视)of the big supermarkets. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} It's terrible, "said Londoner Michael Samson. A. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land. B. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers' Markets are becoming popular. C. While confident they will succeed, she lists farming's many challenges. D. Young people prefer to live in cities. E. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything what exactly do they put on our apples to make them so big and red7 F. "Buy British" campaigns urge(鼓励)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Dung to Death{{/B}} Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drags in farm slurry,{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to I kilogram of the drags. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria, But vets are not treating the issue seriously. There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.

填空题Stop Spam! When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. 1 If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming (发送垃圾邮件) a crime. If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spare, the problem will certainly get much worse. 2 As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual (个人的) e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time? 3 Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks. 4 Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer. For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. 5 E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate, but spare is destroying this convenience. A. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. B. This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well. C. But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. D. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E. And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. F. Spamming is more serious in China than in America.

填空题Now it's tree that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves-we wouldn't know what's happening. ______ We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.A. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.B. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.C. However, many of us cannot stand pain.D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed of nails.E. We demand the "needle"—a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因, 一种局部麻醉剂)-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.F. But we pay for our sensitivity.

填空题 Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women There is a range of reasons why thin women think they're too heavy, but the distorted body image may often have its roots in childhood, many results of a new study suggests. Researchers found that among more than 2,400 thin women they surveyed, nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} According to the study authors, led by Dr. Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, society's "ideal" female body is moving toward an underweight physique. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} To investigate body image among thin women, the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women aged 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Overall, almost 10 percent of the women thought they were too heavy. Those who reported certain "severe life events" in childhood or adolescence, such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed, were more likely than others to have a distorted body image. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} In contrast, traumatic events in adulthood, such as serious illness or significant marital problems, were not related to poor body image, the researchers report. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A．The same was true of women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 15 years old. B．Experiences in childhood, including having an ill parent, or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age, were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image. C．"Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with (one's) own body weight may be established early in life," Kjaer and her colleagues write. D．Research suggests that many normal-weight women wish to weigh less. E．If worries have altered your appetite or weight, it will help to talk to someone about it. F．The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits.

填空题How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject. (46) . He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage. Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately. The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking (47) . The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero. The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls "social justice". If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable. (48) . Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on. (49) . But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer. We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks. One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds. (50) . But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank. Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.

填空题Looking to the Future When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a buttons." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep." Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? (46) . The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. (47) . By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to world in "airbuses" all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. (48) . Does that sound familiar? If the exert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. Here is an example for future study. Economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. (49) . In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. " (50) "A. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market.B. Children born today will have reached the age of 43.C. Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?"D. So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.E. Scientists are 80 percent accurate in predicting the future.F. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard off".

填空题The Building of the Pyramids The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that 21 . There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, 22 . The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape 23 . These are good reasons why they can still he seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids, 24 . However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning 25 . The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome. A. for stone to use in modern buildings B. has made them less likely to fall into ruin C. before they could begin to build D. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved E. while building the pyramids F. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet

填空题Paragraph 4_______

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Meterorology{{/B}} The science of meteorology (气象学) is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any one vantage point{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead{{U}} (47) {{/U}} Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological (天气的，气象学的) diagrams. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the from of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds,{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}.A Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.B The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dgnamic meteorologyC There are, of course, some exceptions.D This approach is coverd by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.E The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forcasting can not be overestimated.F One important purpose of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Conservation or Wasted Effort?{{/B}} The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with the robin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. Is all this concern a waste of human effort?{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of-success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}This is nature's proven method of operation. The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.A Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比 ...... 长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable.B These that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made.D Both represent orders in the classification of life.E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out?F These are the only black robins left in the world.

填空题A. different labelsB. windows and glass doorsC. inland floodingD. early warningE. natural disasterF. a constant speed

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}The World's Longest Bridge{{/B}} Rumor 'has it that a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}When completed in 2010, the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons -- equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic -- and stretch 5 kilometers long. "That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built," says structural engineer Shane Rixon. {{U}} (47) {{/U}}They're suspension bridges, massive structures, built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge's load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Getting these cables up will be something. It's not just their length -- totally 5.3 kilometers -- but their weight.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. After lowering vertical "suspender" cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60- meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck -- wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 159,000 tons -- equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}.A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.B What do the world's longest bridges have in common?C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼啸而过) across the Messina Strait Bridge.D They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons -- more than half the bridge's total mass.

填空题A new drug shows hope of conquering a form of leukemia by targeting the misbehaving cells two summers ago Douglas Jenson was so wiped out from battling chronic myelogenous(骨髓性的) leukemia(白血病) (CML) that he could do little more than sit by his window; watching the numbers on a thermometer rise and fall with the sun. Today thanks to an experimental drug called STI571 (brand name: Glivec), Jenson 67, is biking in Oregon and planning a trip to the Caribbean. "I feel wonderful," he says.2. So do his doctors. STI571, a "smart bomb" drug that targets leukemia cells without harming healthy ions, first made headlines last year when researchers announced that white blood counts had returned to normal in 31 out of 31 patients who had taken the pill. Last week scientists were hack reporting new data on just over 1000 patients. In one trial, more than 90 % of 532 people on the drug saw counts return to normal. And under microscopic examination, 28 percent showed no evidence of cancer left in their bone marrow.3. The drug even helped, although not as dramatically, some patients in the final "blast" phase of the disease, when survival is measured in months. STI571"has ignited the cancer-research field", says Dr Brian Druker, an Oregan Health Sciences University researcher who developed the drug with manufacturer Novartis.4. CML, diagnosed in 5100 Americans every year, is triggered when two chromosomes swap fragments of genetic information. CML starts with the mistaken swap of genes between two chromosomes. The resulting "Philadelphia chromosome" produces the mutant Bcr-Abl protein. Bcr-Abl transfers a phosphate from the chemical messenger ATP to other proteins. They initiate a flawed signal to white blood cells to replicate incessantly.5. STI571 returns blood counts back to normal for those patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) in a "smart bomb way" by targeting the protein that sends the message to make the white blood cells. Bone marrow transplants can work extremely well, but they' re applicable only for a minority of patients; otherwise, standard treatment is the injectable drug interferon. Many patients, however, cannot tolerate the adverse effects, which include severe fatigue, weight loss and depression. The new pill works by deactivating the cancer cells' growth signal. Side effects- nausea, eye puffiness, muscle aches have been relatively mild so far.

填空题 The Science of Sport 1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast. 2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds? 3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance. 4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice. 6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? What's more, are all these advantages fair? A. Different sports require different training programs. B. Science may be too important today. C. Sports equipment has been improved a lot. D. Athletes are still breaking records. E. Sport science helps improve athletes' performances. F. Mental training is as important as physical training.

填空题People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to ______.

填空题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for as to recognize people? ______ Yet a very young child—or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex.C. But we can easily tell the" good guys" from the" bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav

填空题Read with Greater Speed Do you have difficulty reading in class? If so, especial reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain. At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. 21 Researchers from Yale University, US, studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State．As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring. Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). 22 By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year. As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students" brains. 23 This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive. A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. 24 However, some researchers still doubt the study. 25 A．Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters. B．The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling. C．The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters. D．Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn"t show the same progress. E．The pictures showed all increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side. F．They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.

填空题Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect? 1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement. "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world. 2 Seed"s announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced. "We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year." 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).

填空题Chinese Dialects (方言) The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German. There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it. As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted. At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects' prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols. There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated, 12,000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper. A. Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects B. Difficulties in Learning Chinese C. Features of Chinese Dialects D. Differences in Chinese Dialects E. Dialects as Heart of the Problem F. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem