填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}How We Form First Impression{{/B}} 1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her -- aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. 2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person's eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information -- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals "mean." 3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says "familiar and safe." If you see someone new, it says, "new -- potentially threatening." Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other "known" memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, "This is new. I don't like this person." Or else, "I'm intrigued." Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures -- like your other friends; so your brain says: "I like this person." But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong. 4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people -- their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character -- we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person's character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking -- and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.

填空题Little Lady Starts Big War Harriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into her anti-slavery (反对奴隶制度) book Uncle Tom"s Cabin . 1 The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him, and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress. But when the first 5,000 copies were printed in 1852, they sold out in two days. In a year the book had sold 300,000 copies in the United States and 150,000 in England. 2 Within six months of its release, a play was made from the book which ran 350 performances in New York and remained America"s most popular play for 80 years. It might appear that Uncle Tom"s Cabins was universally popular, but this was certainly not true. Many people during those pre-Civil War days—particularly the defenders of the slavery system—condemned it as false propaganda (宣传) and poorly written melodrama (传奇剧作品). Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery (When asked how she came to write the book, she replied: "God wrote it."), and she tried to convince people slavery was wrong, so perhaps the book could be considered propaganda. 3 Though she was born in Connecticut in 1832, as a young woman, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when her father accepted the presidency (任期) of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary (神学院). Ohio was a free state, but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky, Harriet saw slavery in action. She lived 18 years in Cincinnati, marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college. 4 5 Today some historians (历史学家) think that it helped bring on the American Civil War. In fact, when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the Civil War, he said, "So, this is the little lady who started this big war." A．She had read a lot about the slavery system. B．Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system. C．But if so, it was true propaganda, because it accurately described the evils of slavery. D．For a while, it outsold every book in the world, except the Bible . E．But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success. F．In 1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book.

填空题Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. 1 When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget(装置). The following "human" translation appears on its screen: "Please take me with you." "I realized that"s how he was feeling," said Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world"s first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. 2 "Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. 3 The translation is done in the gadget using a database (资料库) containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. 4 In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda"s house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow". This is translated as "Don"t come this way". 5 The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US $120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog"s emotions when the owner is away. A. A wireless microphone is attached to the dog"s collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. It was followed by "I"m stronger than you" as the dog growled(嗥叫) and sniffed(嗅) at the visitor. D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let"s play", "Look at me", or "Spend more time with me".

填空题Ford was the first to adopt ______.

填空题A Baby"s Growth 1. To describe a baby"s growth, the old saying "one thing leads to another" should really read, "one thing leads to an explosion." The perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up allow appreciation of visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and participate in his three-dimensional world. 2. You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each arm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world. 3. If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one of Gesell"s measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell, a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there. He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother"s face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further. His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four months old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination. 4. An early attachment to one object—a toy or a stuffed animal—is another index of discrimination, as well as self-development, for the baby"s interests are going beyond himself. Most babies do not prefer one toy this early, but some will. After exploring each toy, your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months to come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a "lovely". A "lovely" will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and "talked to". These "lovelies" give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother. A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby"s extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a "lovey" is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.

填空题American Families 1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans, many American families have certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United States, and their forefathers came from Europe. They have completed high school, and they belong to the middle class. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income tor housing and food~ Clothing accounts for almost 10% of their income, medical care 6%, transportation 8% and taxes 15%. The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation. 2 Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relatives—grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins living in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households. This family structure is known as the "nuclear family". It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. 3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision. Young people frequently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion. 4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their own household immediately. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their own—independently and by themselves. Most married people practise some kind of birth control. They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.

填空题One can get a sunburn even ______.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Health Education{{/B}}1．Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养)child, and the butcher (屠夫,卖肉的人)who gets a cut on his finger, By changing their beha～vior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2．Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫) :scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people to go receive the immunization.3．Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4．Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resouces, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5．Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.

填空题 The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit, even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} The noise from a plane's engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000Hz is called ultrasonic. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power. A．High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. B．The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves. C．We cannot play high pitched music with ordinary musical instruments. D．If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. E．Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound. F．Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.

填空题 Cloning(克隆):Future Perfect? 1. A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create WTO identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully, but the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world. 2. Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced: "We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti—cloning laws by the end of the year." 3. Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4. Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5. Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).

填空题Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change At picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries such as mining, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy. It has been recognized for decades that ants—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance, will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees. 1 And still others will move in and take up residence. By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how "stressed" the land is. 2 Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species. Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others. 3 Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland. Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. "We found it worked extremely well there," says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it: "That"s the great thing about ants." Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting. 4 Why not? Because many companies can"t afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. 5 A. This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery. B. Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren"t used widely. C. Employing those people are expensive. D. They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys. E. The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem. F. Others will die out for lack of food.

填空题 What's Lacking in "Sicko"? When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade offs (取舍). Gain one thing and you lose something else. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} The central argument of Michael Moore's movie "Sicko" -that the cure to the nation health care problems is a single-payer system-is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans of other countries-Britain, France, Canada and Cuba Mr. Moore left out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor (主持人) of "MTV News" , wrote a critique (批评) of the film for MTV's website. "Sicko," he said, "does a real service" in portraying (描绘) victims of American insurance companies'-like the people, who died because their only treatment options were considered "experimental" and therefore not covered. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} When "governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, they're inevitably forced to ration treatment". Mr. Loder asserted. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Mr. Loder cited the short film "Dead Meat", which presents anecdotes (轶事) of failure. In the Canadian single-payer system in its one-sidedness, "Dead Meat" , might have made for a nice double feature with "Sicko", and left movie-goers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} This all makes an otherwise "emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one," wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger. (博客作者). A. This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce (稀罕的) goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody. B. Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France's high taxes and Britain's cash-short hospitals. C. But the film as a whole, he concluded, is "breathtakingly meretricious (似是而非的)," in large part because of its characterizations of other countries' health care systems. D. The problems have been noticed-and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors (底 E. He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore. F. Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.

填空题A. to track hurricanes and issue warningsB. to avoid confusionC. to stay at homeD. to be given to tropical stormsE. to make predictionsF. to kill at least 15 people

填空题The iPad 1. The iPad is a tablet computer (平板电脑) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2. The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. 3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display—a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (触控笔). The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (浏览) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The device is managed and synchronized (同步) by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable. 4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services, iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. 5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost and Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.

填空题A. an opening ceremonyB. 61 countriesC. a wreath laying ceremonyD. the 60th anniversary of its victory over Nazi GermanyE. the road of peace and developmentF. 55 million people of their lives

填空题Farmers' Markets Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was 14. (1) "You don't often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating," she said. "There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich! " Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. (2) "I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay," he said. "I guess it's a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn't appeal. For young, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world. " For Robinson, farming doesn't offer much "in terms of money or lifestyle. " Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing farming rewards: "providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature. " Farming is a big political issue in the UK. (3) The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming. Jamie Oliver's 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue. This national concern spells (带来) hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets. (4) "I started going to Farmers' Markets in direct defiance (蔑视) of the big supermarkets. (5) It's terrible," said Londoner Michael Samson. A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land. B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers' Markets are becoming popular. C．While confident they will succeed, she lists farming's many challenges. D．Young people prefer to live in cities. E．I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything—what exactly DO they put on our apples to make them so big and red? F．"Buy British" campaigns urge (鼓励) consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods.

填空题Many people like to visit casinos, bet on horses at the racetrack, buy lottery tickets, or play cards. For most people, occasion gambling is a safe and entertaining form of recreation. ______ But some people become compulsive gamblers. Compulsive gambling is a form of addiction, similar to alcoholism and drug addiction. Like these other more visible forms of addiction, compulsive gambling can ruin a person's life, sometimes even driving the gambler to thoughts of suicide.A. Compulsive gamblers generally go through phases of addiction.B. These people gamble infrequently with friends or family members, and decide beforehand how much money they are willing to lose.C. They become irritable and may begin to lie to friends and family about gambling losses.D. Eventually, however, gamblers begin to bet larger and larger amounts, feeling that they can't lose.E. Once compulsive gamblers have reached the desperation phase, they are not far from hitting rock bottom.F. Compulsive gamblers really can't stop gambling at this point and are obsessed with winning back the money they've lost.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas 1．Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel(矿物燃 料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)． 2．The popularity，and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries． More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．In addition to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants． 3．Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits(发出)less pollution than other fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans breathe．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all． 4．The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025． 5．There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas Can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imposed in the United States for more than four decades．Today，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain． A．Clean fuel of choice B．Natural gas prices C．Natural gas consumption D．Popularity and use of natural gas E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas reserves and supply

填空题Reinventing the Table An earth scientist has rejigged (调整) the periodic table (元素周期表) to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions (离子) of each element rather than just the elements themselves. "I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students," he says, criss-crossing (交叉) his hands in the air and pointing to different hits of a traditional table. 2 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. "Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what"s going on with the elements," says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge. 3 4 He explains that sulphur (硫), for example, shows up in three different spots—one for sulphide (硫化物), which is found in minerals, one for sulphite (亚硫酸盐), and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt. He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 A. And the size of element"s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth"s crust. B. The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C. Railsback has listed some elements more than once. D. "I imagine that this would be good for undergraduates." E. There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev made it up in 1871. F. Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.

填空题 阅读下而这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}The Weight Experiment{{/B}}Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a "calorimeter" (热量测量室) is one way to find out.1 The signs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these. rooms another sign reads "Please do not enter - work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2 Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. "The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.