单选题The Body Clock Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology. Deep inside the brain there is a "clock" that governs every aspect of the body's functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock. This body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon. One of the major causes of the travellers' malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a person's internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether. Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to "shrink" our day'. That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights. When flying west, you are "extending" your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve "shrinking" or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock's natural tendency. One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this, changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours. It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination's schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone. So, our body clock truly can "govern" us.

单选题The Polynesians found uses for many indigenous plants.

单选题We'll give every teacher Uroom/U for development.

单选题The Little Foxes , a drama by Lillian Hellman, was first produced in New York in 1939.

单选题Earthquake How does an earthquake start2 What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth"s crust (地壳) may have a fault, a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (震动) and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece. What to do during an earthquake? At school As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teacher"s desk, get underneath (在……下面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions. As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go. At home If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don"t go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift-there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours. In the street If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls—move away as quickly as possible arid try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.

单选题The word“sustain”(paragraph 2)could be best replaced by

单选题下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight You hear this: "No Wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. " You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. " How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories (卡路里) a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45 kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed (沮丧的) ; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling (类似) that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true -- each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9 kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} Motoring Technology 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels, though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Traveling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" big vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts, pedal (脚踏)controls and tires are making driving smoother and safer. The color of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape. But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新). Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur(司机) , but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.

单选题Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.

单选题China has made remarkable {{U}}achievements{{/U}} in its reform and opening-up program.

单选题The student is collecting material for his science report.A. dataB. fabricC. substanceD. supplies

单选题We all think the prices of the computers will soon plunge. A. leap B. fall C. dip D. sink

单选题That guy is intelligent but a bit dull. A．strange B．special C．quiet D．boring

单选题Loud noises can be irritating .

单选题Animals of the same kind always react in the same way to the danger of a quake.

单选题You have to be patient if you want to {{U}}sustain{{/U}} your position

单选题We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth.

单选题 Spam Would you like to lose weight fast? Would you like to make $5,000 a month for your home? Yes or no, you are more likely to find such unsolicited offers flooding your E-mall inbox these days than ever before, along with a free trial for professional teeth whitening and a low-rate mortgage. Such E-mail, best known by its pejorative appellation, Spam, has been annoying Internet users for years. But in the last three months, Spam has been spiked. Spare-watchers attribute the escalation to a combination of factors. In a slumping economy, companies going out of business may be selling their lists of customer E-mail addresses to pay off creditors. Mailing tactics have also improved. Online marketers have always selected addresses from Web sites, but with the growth of sites like eBay, the online auction service where thousands of people post their E-mail addresses, automated sweeps of the World Wide Web for E-mail addresses are obtaining more results. Many now use "dictionary attacks," in which a computer automatically matches combinations of thousands of common, words and names with long lists of large domain names (amyfritz@ yahoo. com, amyfritz@ hotmail, com and so on) sends E-mail messages to all of them, much like telemarketers dialing numbers in sequence. As a result, even people who have made efforts to keep their E-mail addresses private are finding their mailboxes stuffed with suggestions on how to make money fast or reduce their debts simply and easily. Marketers worry that people who feel constantly assaulted by junk E-mail are less likely to trust any commercial communication by E-mails, even from businesses they might otherwise be happy to hear from, like a retailer alerting them to a sale on an item they are interested in. To shield themselves from junk E-mail, many Internet users have become increasingly wary of divulging their addresses. Some mainstream marketers are already beginning to see the effects of resistance to junk E-mail. Only a year ago, advertisers were raving about the response rates to targeted E-mail, which could reach as high as 20 percent. But that number is falling fast. Still, critics say some online retailers with well-known brand names also contribute to the problem by automatically adding customers to an E-mail list unless they specifically ask to be kept off. United Airlines, Amazon. com and Martha Stewart. com, among others, all require customers to uncheck the "yes" box on their Web site that asks if they would like to receive E-mail from them-or, in some cases, an unspecified list of advertising "partners". Some times, it is not entirely clear that there is a choice involved. The difficulty of defining Spare is one-reason efforts to pass federal legislation to stop it have foundered. Critics have compared junk E-mail to unsolicited faxes, which are illegal under a law that was passed when receiving a fax was quite expensive.

单选题An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all (51) and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself? There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has "eyes," "brains", "hands" and "feet", too. The mini-cameras (52) each side of the car are his "eyes," which observe the road and conditions ahead of it. They watch the (53) to the car's left and right. There is also a highly (54) driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver's "brain". His "brain" calculates the speeds of (55) moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right (56) for the intelligent cars, and gives (57) to the "hands" and "feets" to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car. What is the virtual driver's best advantage? He reacts (58) . The mini-cameras are (59) images continuously to the "brain". It (60) the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world's best driver (61) needs one second to react. (62) , when he takes action, he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident (63) considerably on expressway. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts (64) that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still (65) . He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.

单选题Finding Enlightenment in Scotland In the 1740s, the famous French philosophy Voltaire said "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization." That's not a bad advertisement for any country, especially when it comes to attracting people in search of a first class education. Yet some people go even further than that. According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modem world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modem life depend everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread amongst intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world. It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. At this time, Scotland was home to a number of thinkers who made an important shift in the course of Western philosophy. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself. Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit. Hume was not a scientist himself, but his enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. Money is the way in which people tell each other what they want, and how much people pay is the best way we have of knowing how much somebody wants something. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other. Smith's idea of "enlightened self-interest" has come to dominate modem views of economics. It also has wider applications. He was one of the first major philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful more efficiently through peace, trade and invention than by means of war and plunder. The original Scottish Enlightenment is thought to have ended with the lives of Smith, Hume and the other thinkers who lived in Scotland at that time. But a wider Scottish Enlightenment can still be seen. It exists in the way that the ideas evolved at that time still underpin our theories. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with practical orientation. The Institute for System Level Integration (ISLI) is a good example. Founded in 1998 by a group of four Scottish universities, ISLI draws on the academic expertise of the university departments of computer science, electronic and electrical engineering and informatics, But though it works at the cutting edge of science, ISLI's ultimate aims are rooted in the needs of the real world: to produce highly skilled design engineers and researchers to meet the needs of the rapidly changing global semiconductor industry. Though only one amongst many educational institutions in Scotland, ISLI's existence shows that the principles of the Scottish Enlightenment still live on. It's a country that's still inventing, still modernizing, and still doing its best to spread enlightenment.