单选题For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.

单选题There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete {{U}}breaks{{/U}} a previous record of performance.

单选题Universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requi-rements adequately. A. responsibly B. sufficiently C. patiently D. successfully

单选题What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person"s mind and emotions. Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person"s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Car Jung was once a student of Freud"s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person"s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime. Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender . His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men"s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women"s dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on is this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn"t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It"s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.

单选题The immense change of the city Uastonished/U every member of the conference.

单选题Jack is a Udiligent/U worker.

单选题Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.

单选题Cell Phone Lets Your Secrets Out Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you"ve programmed into it, 1 of your DNA linger (遗留) on the device, according to a new study. DNA is genetic (遗传的) material 2 appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is 3 to you—unless you have an identical twin. Scientists today analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), or hair left 4 at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify 5 and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you 6 you might think. Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the 7 . This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones—even when no blood was 8 . She and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones (翻盖手机) of 10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) to collect 9 traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user 10 it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user"s ear. The scientists cleaned the phones using a solution made mostly 11 alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers 12 the phones and cleaned each phone once more. The scientists discovered DNA that 13 to the phone"s speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also 14 the phone. Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won"t remove all traces of 15 from a criminal"s device. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (确定) a crime-scene investigation.

单选题Penicillin was discovered {{U}}by chance{{/U}} in 1928.

单选题I will draft a letter for you.

单选题South Carolina’s mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be {{U}}lucratively{{/U}} mined.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass{{/B}} In January, 2003, the eastern two thirds of the United States was at the mercy of a bitterly cold air mass that has endangered Florida's citrus trees, choked 3 northern harbors with ice and leftbewildered residents of North Carolina's Outer Banks digging out of up to a foot of snow. The ice chill deepened as temperatures fell to the single digits in most of the South, with an unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark, as far South as parts of interior South Florida. Temperatures in Florida plunged, with West Palm Beach dropping to a record low of 2 degrees. "We couldn't believe how cold it was," said Martin King, who arrived this week in Orlando from England "We brought shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat." The temperature plunge posed a threat to Florida's USS 9.1 billion-a-year citrus crop, more of which is still on the trees. Growers were hurrying to harvest as much of the fruit as possible before it was damaged by cold. "Time is of the essence in getting fruit to the plant," said Tom Rogers, a citrus grower who expected to see damage to oranges and grapefruit at that time. In Florida, Governor Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit on trucks so citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible. Casey Pace, a spokeswoman for Florida Citrus Mutual, said growers had sprayed trees with sprinklers, which created a layer of ice and helped maintain a temperature near freezing. Citrus trees are considered in danger of damage if the temperature drops below minus 2 degrees Celsius for four hours or more. Snow ranging from a dusting to up to 30 centimeters blanketed the Carolinas, Tennessee and parts of Virginia. citrus n. 柠檬，柑橘；柑橘属果树 bewilder v. 使迷惑；使为难；……弄糊涂 sprinklern. 洒水器；洒水手 Celsius adj.摄氏的 shorts n. 宽松运动裤；男式短衬裤

单选题It took me two hours to {{U}}figure out{{/U}} how to do it.

单选题Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Ceils in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize which parts of the brain receive more oxygen rich blood and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly, related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.

单选题Among the men and women who {{U}}reshaped{{/U}} the American working class during the early 1900s, there were many who were not members of labor unions.

单选题We were {{U}}astonished{{/U}} to hear that their football team had won the champion. A.amazed B.amounted C.amused D.approached

单选题The cylindrical shape of a cactus {{U}}reduces{{/U}} moisture loss.

单选题The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lighthouses hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by "light dues" levied (征收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses. The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高处), enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there—massive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, which was lit in 1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country. Not withstanding differences in construction appearance, most lighthouses in America shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell (or, later, a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and usually the keeper"s family. The keeper"s essential task was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯) in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life, they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.

单选题The Need to Remember Some people say they have no memory at all: "I just can"t remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past. In fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture. Our verbal(言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: Items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe. With our emotional(情感的)memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements. We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds—enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance(记忆) of when they were very young. Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past, or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}Late-Night Drinking{{/B}} Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. "It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep, and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake," says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epiderniology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took haft an hour to drop off--twice as long as usual -- and jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.