单选题 Genocide Many people feel that human beings are responsible for the disappearance of some other animal species. While we may have hastened the disappearance of some, abundant evidence suggests mankind has had little impact. Biologists point out that 50 species can be expected to disappear in the twentieth century but also remind us that about 50 species can be expected in the nineteenth century, and 50 species in each of the centuries before that. Dr. T. H. Jukes at the University of California has pointed out that about 100 million animal species have become extinct since life began on Earth about 3 billion years ago. Thus, animals come and animals go as a natural consequence of something Mr. Darwin discovered. The human race is a recent newcomer to the scene, so we've had nothing whatsoever to do with the disappearance of millions of species. In fact, when it comes right down to it, we're a miserable failure at genocide (种族灭绝). In spite of an all-out centuries-old war on rats, we haven't made a dent in their numbers, much less extinguished a single species. And in spite of all our high technology we haven't been successful in eliminating a single undesirable insect species! A friend of mine owns most of the Douglas DC-7 aircrafts left in the world. They make excellent spray planes because they can carry a lot of insecticide and fly for a very long time over great distances. Last year, his company sprayed most of the western Sahara and the Sahel regions of Africa to hold down the locusts and grasshoppers. This year, the environmentalists put pressure on the U.N. to stop it because dieldrin and malathion might cause an increase in the cancer risk of people in the western Sahara and the Sahel. As a result, the hoppers and locusts are back by the zillions and the crops are failing. But the people of West Africa certainly aren't going to worry about dying of cancer; they are dying of starvation instead. I've come to the conclusion that the people who are trying to save the world are probably quite sincere about it but they don't know much about science and certainly nothing about systems engineering.

单选题The Great Newspaper War Up until about 100 years ago, newspapers in the United States appealed only to the most serious readers. They used 1 illustrations and the articles were about politics or business. Two men changed that—Joseph Pulitzer 2 the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal . Pulitzer bought the New York World 3 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very 4 one overnight. He added 5 illustrations and cartoons. And he told his reporters to write articles on 6 crime or scandal they could find. And they did. One of them even pretended she was crazy and then she 7 to a mental hospital. She then wrote a series of articles about the poor treatment of 8 in those hospitals. In 1895, Hearst came to New York from 9 California. He wanted the Journal to be more sensational and more exciting 10 the World . He also wanted it to be 11 , so he reduced the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his headlines were bigger than 12 . He often said, "Big print makes big news." Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they 13 to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator, 14 pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was 15 . Hearst answered, "You furnish the pictures. I"ll furnish the war."

单选题The restaurant has a good reputation.A. systemB. nameC. relationD. leadership

单选题Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.

单选题The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.

单选题Intelligent car door clamps up when danger's about Accidents caused by car doors being opened into the path of oncoming vehicles or cyclists are common in cities. But these incidents could become a thing of the past, if doors that react to potential impacts catch on. The creative idea of Michael Graf at BMW and Michael Strolz's team at the Technical University of Munich, the "haptic"-technology that gives tactile feedback-doors could cut both road injuries and repair bills, they say. The current prototype looks like a normal car door, but an extra metal bar runs through its centre and connects to the car's frame between the hinges. In normal mode, the bar moves freely and doesn't affect the door's movement. However, if sensors detect a nearby obstacle at the same time as an accelerometer detects an attempt to open the door, the door's swing is restricted by a linear motor attached to the bar. To pass on more information to the user, the amount of door resistance is in proportion to the proximity of an object-for example, you might swing a door halfway open without problems before it gets stiffer as it nears a lamp post. The current prototype uses supersonic sensors to spot dangers, but because they have a limited field of view, the next version will use cameras that can span 180°, says Strolz. "Then we will be able to sense the complete workspace of the door and detect people walking by the car or cycling towards it," he says. Reactions from 16 volunteers who tried the new door at BMW's Munich research centre have been encouraging, the team told a recent conference on haptics in Salt Lake City, Utah. The technology is mature enough that a car factory could be pumping it out in cars within a year, says Strolz. The basic mechanism is like one already featured in some cars-for example, taxis with automatic passenger doors. However, BMW is yet to make any decision on whether to roll it out.

单选题The Forbidden City lures millions of visitors from all over the world. A. attracts B. entertains C. receives D. serves

单选题Dreams of Flight The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself. According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly. He and his son had been kept on an island, in order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (蜡) into which he stuck bird feathers. During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax. He was drowned in the sea. The father was supposed to have continued his Night and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away. There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly. But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death. The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone. It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely. The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century. He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water. Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight. He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球). Each of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper. But his boat was never .built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days. After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same. So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented. Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines. It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed-man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.

单选题 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers A concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan has a hreathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road. The car's sensors(传感器) check odors(气味) inside the car and monitor a driver's sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition(点火) system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver's palm. Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example, Sweden's Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start. Nissan's new concept vehicle(交通工具) also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks drivers' alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest. The car technology is still in development, but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness(效力) of the technology. "For example, if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed(迂回) by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used," Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015. The car's seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be improved. "If you drink one beer, it's going to register, so we need to study what's the appropriate level for the system to activate," he says. In the UK, some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs.

单选题Taking a Nap During the Day Medical experts say most Americans do not get (51) sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before (52) with other activities. One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less (53) to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 2, 300 Greek adults (54) about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour (55) three times a week had a 37 present lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap. Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve (56) by mitigating tension caused by work. Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the (57) of napping for many years. They urge people to (58) work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces (59) and accidents, and (60) increases the amount of work a person can do. Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel (61) And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is (62) you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness (63) the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap (64) last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be (65) .

单选题Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages.

单选题 The Eye's Adaptation to Color As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier. When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over, a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensities, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an "afterimage" superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the "local adaptation" but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce "lateral adaptation" . Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.

单选题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}}Microchip Research Center Created{{/B}} A research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US ＄14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology. The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country's flagship chipmaker. Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don't allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance. As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker. More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars. The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners -- mainly from Japan and Singapore. Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry, the country admits the US ＄14 million investment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.

单选题I enjoy the dish a lot. Can I have the prescription for it?

单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?

单选题I can no longer tolerate his actions.

单选题During Mir's lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20,1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first intemational space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuffles. ______ Americans ever visited Mir during its lifetime.A. 62B. 37C. 11D. Seven

单选题阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 {{B}}Depression{{/B}} Carrie Mcintyre and Damon Thompson were eagerly planning their future together. The young Florida couple had good jobs and were sports enthusiasts. But when Damon’s employer{{U}} (51) {{/U}}a downsizing, he started to worry that he began to{{U}} (52) {{/U}}, declining social invitations and refusing to play sports.{{U}} (53) {{/U}}he watched TV for hours on end. Carrie{{U}} (54) {{/U}}his moods to job concerns and thought they would pass. But months{{U}} (55) {{/U}}when Damon hadn’t been{{U}} (56) {{/U}}, he was still lethargic(懒散的)and cold. When Carrie tried to find out what was wrong, all he would say was, “Nothing”. Damon’s{{U}} (57) {{/U}}worries had triggered a bout of depression that he couldn’t shake, even when its cause was gone. But instead of showing Carrie he needed her, he{{U}} (58) {{/U}}her. To Carrie, his behavior made no{{U}} (59) {{/U}}at all. Eventually she{{U}} (60) {{/U}}their relationship. “Women in our culture know they are{{U}} (61) {{/U}}and they reach out for help,” says Terrence Real, a family therapist. “Men express depression differently,” he adds. Depression afflicts more than several million people in the United States at any given time, and almost one in five over the{{U}} (62) {{/U}}of a lifetime. According to statistics, approximately 20 percent of all women suffer from depression and about ten percent of men—but some researchers{{U}} (63) {{/U}}the latter number. The tendency to tough it out{{U}} (64) {{/U}}ask for help is just one of several reasons{{U}} (65) {{/U}}experts believe the off-quoted statistics are artificially low. Fortunately, however, when the condition is recognized, there are many ways it can be successfully treated.

单选题In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.A. solvedB. exploredC. involvedD. disputed

单选题Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can't devote an entire desk to the task. at least invest in a rolling file chart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file chart where it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room. To do well with one's paperwork, one should at least invest in a rolling file chanA. to store active paperwork.B. to keep family records.C. to convenient movement of paperwork.D. to do it conveniently at any plac