填空题Earth Angels 1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallonsize plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water—a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the "Don"t Be Crude" program runs oil-collection sites—tanks that hold up to 460 gallons—where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn"t have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan"s Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.

填空题A. speed up dehydrationB. flakesC. powderD. controlledE. increasedF. sun-dried

填空题 Conservation or Wasted Effort? The black robin(旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked(重新准备) with the robin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. Is all this concern a waste of human effort? {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}This is nature's proven method of operation. The rule of selection—"the survival of the fittest"—is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw(爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. A. Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比……长久)man, for they seem even more adaptable. B. Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. C. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. D. Both represent orders in the classification of life. E. Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? F. These are the only black robins left in the world.

填空题Time in the Animal World Rhythm controls everything in Nature. (46) The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. (47) When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day. Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs at the seaside in a set way. To avoid predator fish, the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. (48) Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. (49) As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. (50) For a child, a week is seen as a long time.A. For an adult, time goes fast year by year.B. It controls, for example, the flapping of birds' wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.C. The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.D. The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.E. We always tend to think all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.F. The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.

填空题A Heroic Woman The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind. 1 She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12, when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side. "I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid," she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols, 33. He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse (法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. 2 Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life. "I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn"t have a mummy", she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from "The Purpose-Driven Life", a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph about "what you thought your purpose in life was, what talents were you given." 3 "I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust." Smith said. Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her. He said he thought "I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother", she said," And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people." 4 She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道) of the police hunt for him. "I cannot believe that"s me." Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said, "I think you should turn yourself in. If you don"t, lots more people are going to get hurt." Eventually, he let her go. 5 A US $ 60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols" capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible (有资格的)for that money. A. The local police were searching for him. B. Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter. C. Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols. D. She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave. E. And the two of them discussed this topic. F. Then she called the police.

填空题Verne"s Accurate Preview of the Future Since the beginning of time, man has been interested in the moon. The Romans designed a special day to show admiration and respect to the moon. They called it "Moon-day", or "Monday", as we know it today. Later, the great mind of Leonardo da Vinci studied the moon and designed a machine to carry a human to the moon. Leonardo said that one day a great machine bird would take a person to the moon and bring great honour to the home where it was born. Four and a half centuries later, Leonardo"s idea was realized. Apollo Ⅱ took three Americans Collins, Aldrin, and Armstrong to the moon. The mission (任务) did fill the whole world with great surprise, as Leonardo had said it would. Numerous essays, articles, and books were written about man"s first moon mission. But perhaps the most interesting story was one written before the event over 100 years before. In 1865, French author Jules Verne wrote a story about the first journey to the moon. His story was very similar to the 1969 Apollo Ⅱ mission. Verne"s spacecraft also contained three men—two Americans and a Frenchman. The spacecraft was described as being almost the same size as Apollo Ⅱ. The launch (发射) site in Verne"s story was also in Florida. The spacecraft in Verne"s story was named the "Columbiad". The Apollo Ⅱ command ship was called "Columbia". His account of sending the spacecraft into the space could easily have been written about how Apollo 11 was sent into the space. Verne"s story was the same as the actual event in several other respects. The speed of Verne"s spacecraft was 36,000 feet per second; Apollo"s was 35, 533 feet per second. Verne"s spacecraft took 97 hours to reach the moon; Apollo"s time was 103 hours. Like Apollo"s spacemen, Verne"s spacemen took pictures of the moon"s surface, relaxed on their seats, cooked with gas, and experienced weightlessness. They too came down in the Pacific and were picked up by an American warship. What were the reasons for Jules Verne"s extreme accuracy in describing an event 100 years or more before it actually occurred? He based his writings on the laws of physics and astronomy (天文学). Nineteenth-century science and the vivid Verne"s imagination gave people an unbelievably accurate preview of one of the greatest events of the 20 th century.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Ford 1. Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process -- not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2. The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $ 5 -- a day minimum wage scheme. The greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $ 2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime". And critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4. But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter--except for making it possible for more People to buy cars. A. Ford's Followers B. The Assembly Line C. Ford's Great Dream D. The Establishment of the Company E. Ford's Biggest Contribution F. Ford's Great Talent

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1—4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect ?{{/B}} 1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world. 2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: "We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year." 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Screen Test{{/B}} 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick .up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the LIN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimise the technique" for breast cancer screening. 7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme."

填空题Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of reindustrialize societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. ______ Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of" knowledge" at all.A. Yet few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid.B. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from a few plants.C. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes.D. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows.E. The accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience would begin to fade away.F. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{U}} (46) {{/U}}The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway(高速公路) capacity. Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine it destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a "transition" lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers(非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities. Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. A. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. B. Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations. C. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax. D. What might driving on an automated highway be like? E. One method would use a special onramp(入口引道). F. Two distinct types are on the drawing board.

填空题Messages from the Media 1 The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. 2 It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. 3 Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think, for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television." 4 Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication—a book. 5 We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.

填空题 Metallurgy1．Metallurgy (治金学) is the art and science of making metals and alloys (合金) in forms and with properties suitable for practical use. The art of metallurgy includes the deriving of metals from their ores, or the condition in which they are found in nature; their purification (提纯) or their admixture with other metals, and finally their manufacture into shapes and forms usable in industry. The science of metallurgy includes the study of these processes with a view to (以便) their control and improvement, and the development of new metal mixtures or alloys and of new test methods.2．Because of this wide scope the field of metallurgy may be divided into two parts. The first part deals with the melting (熔化) and refining (精炼) of metals, and has been designated as process of Chemical Metallurgy. The second deals with the physical and chemical behavior of the metals during shaping and treating operations, and their behavior in the service of man. This phase is termed Physical Metallurgy.3．The scope of Physical Metallurgy is wide and is of interest to more people than the field of Process Metallurgy. For example, only a few individuals will be engaged in the operation of a melting and refining furnace, whereas a hundred men will be employed in the rolling (轧制) or forging (锻造) of the metals produced, and thousands of individuals will work at manufacturing the rolled or forged metal into automobiles, bridges, ships, airplanes, buildings, wire goods, tools, and a multitude of useful articles.4．Everyone comes in contact with metals through his many everyday uses; therefore the term metal is well known. Not everyone realizes, however, why metals have come to play so large a part in man's activities. Wood and stone are both older in use, yet to a considerable extent they have been substituted by the metals. The reason for the increased use of metals is to be found in their characteristic properties.5．Most important of these properties is their strength (强度), or ability to support weight without bending or breaking, combined with toughness (韧性), or the ability to bend rather than break under a sudden blow. Resistance to atmospheric destruction, plasticity (弹性) ,and the ability to be formed into desired shapes add to the remarkeable combination of properties possessed by no other class of materials. Some metals also have special additional properties, two of which are the power to conduct electric current and the ability to be magnetized.

填空题Early Ideas About the Universe 1. Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun, the moon, and the stars. 2. Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun but would be sure it is there, because you notice that the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer. 3. After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants begin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may seem silly to us now to worship (崇拜) a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the importance of the sun to life on Earth. 4. You have been told that the world is round. But suppose no one had ever taught you that the world was like a huge ball. Would you have ever thought of it yourself? You cannot see the curve (曲线) of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was. That"s why early man believed that the earth was small and flat. Such ideas appeared from the evidence they had. 5. If you watch the stars night after night, you will see them rise and set. As you look at the sky, it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling (闪烁) lights. Some early astronomers (天文学家) believed the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells, one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the night sky looked like. For many centuries, men believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars circled around it.

填空题 下面的段位后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 The Weight Experiment 1. Nicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a "calorimeter" (热量测量室)is one way to find out. The signs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two", these are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads, "Please do not enter-work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers(记录) every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. 2. Nicola Waiters is one of the twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help her with training and fitness program. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert(广告)for volunteers at her gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out. 3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence(次序) was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8 : 30 a. m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. 4. The scientists helped volunteers impose (确立)a kind of order on the long days they faced in the room. "The first time, I only took one video and a book. But it was OK, because I watched TV the rest of the time, "says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled(踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast. 5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions. A. What does the calorimeter look like inside? B. what program was designed for the experiments? C. What is a calorimeter? D. What was the first impression? E. How did the volunteers kill the time? F. Why did Nicola join in the experiments?

填空题The assembly line made it possible to ______.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Ruining the Ruins{{/B}} Acid rain (酸雨) is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams. Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks, and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly. {{U}} (46) {{/U}}According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen ltza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD 900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year. But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. Mexico's current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.A At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off (剥落) and the stone is being eaten away.B That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.C These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.D The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts.E The problem, however, is not just a European one.F However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. (1) Many of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山). Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. (2) The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. (3) These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 per cent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. (4) You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on. The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. (5) Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. A．But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. B．The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C．They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. D．They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E．This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. F．Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral.

填空题A. Rich resources of the stateB. Connections with the outside worldC. Transportation problemD. The natives of the landE. Cold climateF. Land and population

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}LED Lighting{{/B}} 1 An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb. The breakthrough adds to a growing trend that is likely to eventually make Thomas Edison's bright invention obsolete. LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible and operate less expensively than traditional lighting. 2 Michael Bowers, a graduate student2 at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dots, which are crystals generally only a few nanometers big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons. They're easily excited bundles of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers' particular batch was exceptionally small, containing only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms. 3 When you shine a light on quantum dots or apply electricity to them, they react by producing their own light, normally a bright, vibrant color. But when Bowers shined a laser on his batch of dots, something unexpected happened. He was surprised when a white glow covered the table. The quantum dots were supposed to emit blue light, but instead they were giving off a beautiful white glow. 4 Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix. The lumpy bulb wasn't pretty, but it produced white light similar to a regular light bulb. 5 LEDs produce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn for over 50,000 hours. The Department of Energy estimates LED lighting could reduce U. S. energy consumption for lighting by 29 percent by 2025. LEDs don't emit heat, so they're also more energy efficient. And they're much harder to break. 6 Quantum dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors, including white. The main light source of the future will almost surely not be a bulb. It might be a table, a wall, or even a fork.