填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Compact Disks{{/B}} 1 If someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recored onto the CDs as special numbers --a digital code. The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide. 2 A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music. 3 Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes. 4 There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be' recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc -- Read Only Memory. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can h01d the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs. 5 CDs were first sold to the public in 1982, These CDs still play. well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them. 6 Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs,

填空题 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Sleeping Giant Right now, an eruption is brewing (酝酿) in Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园). Sometime during the next two hours, the park's most famous geyser(间歇泉), Old Faithful, will begin gurgling (潺潺地流) boiling water and steam. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} Old Faithful is not only a spectacular sight; it's also a constant reminder that Yellowstone sits on one of the largest volcanoes in the world. If you have never heard of Yellowstone's volcano, you are not alone.{{U}} (47) {{/U}} Yet it has erupted three times during the last 2 million pears. And one of those eruptions spewed (喷涌) enough volcanic ash and other debris to blanket half the United States. Yellowstone's volcano is sometimes called a "super volcano", or extremely large and explosive calderas(破火山口)volcano. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} This super volcano formed over a hot spot, an extremely hot area in Earth's mantle(地幔). John Valley, a volcano professor, said that as the crust moves across a hot spot, the hot spot melts a section of the plate moving over it, forming "one volcano after another". The Yellowstone hot spot melts thick continental(大陆的) crust, which may cause catastrophic (灾难性的) eruptions. According to experts, the eruptions that created each of the three calderas in and around Yellowstone National Park were larger than any other volcanic eruption in recorded history. The most recent eruption, which happened 640,000 years ago, produced at least 1, 000 cubic kilometers of ash and debris and blanketed most of the western half of the United States. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} Geological evidence shows Yellowstone has blown its stack every 700,000 years or so. "If nature were truly that regular and reliable, we would be due for another eruption soon," said Valley. "However, these processes are subject to variability(可变性的), so we don't really know when the next eruption will happen. " {{U}} (50) {{/U}}It is the volcanic energy that powers the geysers and hot springs, creates the mountains and canyons(峡谷) and generates the unique ecosystems that support Yellowstone's diverse wildlife. A. Three calderas make up more than a third of Yellowstone National Park. B. The first Yellowstone eruption, 2 million years ago, released more than double that amount of ash and debris. C. The volcano is so inconspicuous (不显眼的) that few people know it exists. D. Then, an enormous fountain will shoot high into the air. E. While the active geologist processes at Yellowstone do pose some risk to the public, they also make it a unique treasure. F. Yellowstone National park at trams the interest of geologists the world over.

填空题Police use radar on highways to ______

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。 {{B}}Museums in the Modern World{{/B}} Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modem Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing. More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the worldaround them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times. The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year. In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.

填空题How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical (经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room"s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant"s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim (暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we"re almost looking at the problem through a straw (吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That"s what we"re all struggling with."

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1—4段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Earth Angels{{/B}} 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in lsle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Buffs on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many. species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil-collection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4 Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.

填空题 The Supercomputer Network 1. Recently ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously. 2. The Internet is an interconnected (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3. The new development in information technology has been called "the grid" (网格技术), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4. One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5. The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6. At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. A. How does the "grid" work? B. Power shared C. Just make a request D. Limitations of present Internet use E. Distance is not a problem F. A new era for the Internet

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}The Importance of Agriculture in China{{/B}} The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China’s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China’s modern history is{{U}} (46) {{/U}}, which has been growing steadily. Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population. Agriculture also{{U}} (47) {{/U}}because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950’s. After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan “Agriculture is the foundation of the economy” has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since. {{U}} (48) {{/U}}, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China’s exports are{{U}} (49) {{/U}}or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. A. determines the progress of industry B. the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population C. either agricultural raw materials D. enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry E. In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry F. thus promoting both import and export

填空题Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation"s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany"s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe"s largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

填空题 The Mysteries of Nazca In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑) people for decades. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth. The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren't discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines. Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}However, it would probably be very tricky to land and a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys. In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (记录) of the movement of the stars and planets. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn't find any relation between the lines and movements in space. Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It's possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}But the local people have never constructed anything this big. Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map underground water in the area. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A. A Swiss writer named Erich von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs. B. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this. C. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth. D. He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world". E. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs. F. The largest picture may have been the sites for special ceremonies.

填空题Ludwig Van Beethoven Ludwig Van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness. Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. (46) . Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn. Beethoven remained unmarried. (47) . Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819. (48) . He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. (49) . Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, "I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality. " (50) .A. In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write musicB. Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult lifeC. His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independenceD. When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothersE. Although Beethoven's personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him bestF. Today his music is still being played all over the world

填空题A. Building materialsB. Need of greater building varieties in modern lifeC. Restoration of ancient civilizationsD. Evolution in styleE. factors affecting modem architectureF. A social art

填空题Intelligence: a Changed View 1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity(存在，实体), some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of children"s future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming(分组) children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. 2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows a great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. 3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate(内在的) intelligence, whereas we can measure the effects of the interaction(相互作用) of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigation what happens in this interaction. 4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predicable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter"s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation (激发，促进) and the poverty of their perceptual experiences. 5. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn. 6. The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ" which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society s eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.

填空题 下面的短文后有2项测试任务： (1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题； (2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Memory Test 1 "I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school," promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren. He slapped his hand down on the table. "When I've finished in two hours' time, your work will be far more effective and productive. Anyone not interested, leave now. " The entire room sat still. 2 Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师). He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible, and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术). "I have always been interested in tricks involving memory—being able to reel off (一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack, that sort of thing," he explains. 3 Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable. "It wasn't difficult area to move into, as the stuffs all there in books. " So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4 "You want to learn a list of a hundred things? A thousand? No problem, " says Robinson. The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life. The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant. "I wish I'd been told this earlier," commented Mark, 'after Robinson had shown them how to construct "mental journeys". 5 Essentially, you visualize (想象) a walk down a street, or a trip round a room, and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost, the fruit bowl. Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs, historical dates, whatever-making them as strange as possible. It is that simple, and it works. 6 The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic. "The pupils benefited enormously from Lan's presentation," says Dr. Johnston, head of the school where Robinson was speaking. "Ideally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually. " A. Good results B. An ancient skill C. Gaining attention D. Memory tricks E. A lecture on memory techniques F. Ways to improve memory

填空题Various Dictionaries You"re probably most familiar with college dictionaries, often called abridged dictionaries. Although abridged means "shortened", these dictionaries contain more than 150,000 entries and provide detailed definitions that are sufficient for most college students and general users. College dictionaries also contain separate lists of abbreviations, biographical and geographical names, foreign words and phrases, and tables of measures. Webster"s Ⅱ New Riverside University Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language are college dictionaries. Unabridged dictionaries contain as many as 500,000 entries and provide detailed definitions and extensive word histories (etymologies). These dictionaries, possibly in several volumes and mostly found in libraries, are excellent sources for scholarly inquiries. Unabridged dictionaries include the Oxford English Dictionary and the Random House Dictionary of the English Language. A dictionary entry has many elements: multiple definitions, syllabication, preferred spelling and pronunciation (some words have more than one acceptable spelling and pronunciation), and part-of-speech labels. Some entries also include plurals and capitalized forms, synonyms, antonyms, and derivatives. Americanisms and etymologies may be provided along with usage notes, cross-references, and idioms. If you prefer using the dictionary on a computer, you can obtain CD-ROM versions of many major dictionaries. In addition, you can access numerous dictionaries, such as WWWebster"s Dictionary, on the Internet. Online dictionaries allow you to enter a search word (you even get help with spelling) to see a definition, and sometimes even an illustration. Online dictionaries also offer additional features, such as word games, language tips, and amusing facts about words. Some online dictionary services allow you to access numerous dictionaries, both general and specialized, in one search. Specialized dictionaries provide in-depth information about a certain field. For example, there are dictionaries for the specialized vocabularies of law, computer technology, and medicine. In addition, there are dictionaries of synonyms, clichés, slang, and even regional expressions, such as the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE). There are also dictionaries of foreign languages, famous people"s names, literary characters" names and place names.

填空题 Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect? 1. A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create WTO identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully, but the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world. 2. Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced: "We will be introducing a law to ban any human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti--cloning laws by the end of the year." 3. Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4. Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5. Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人). A. Strong Reactions B. Anxiety about the Future of Cloning C. The Right to Choose D. What is Cloning? E. Arguments in Favor of Cloning F. A Common Sight

填空题Adult Education 1. Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self—understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. 3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place, people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. 4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

填空题 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}} Teach Your Child Science{{/B}}1 It is important to make your child interested in science from an early age. Most young children ask a lot of questions and you should give careful scientific answers. Don't only give facts, but try to give explanations as well.2 Science is not just knowledge; it is a way of thinking, a method of finding out about the world. We see something. We try to explain it, and we test our idea by setting up an experiment. One day you come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over. You think it might be the wind from the open window or the cat, so you close the window, but leave the cat in and see what happens (you can also try leaving the window open and shutting the cat out). Of course, you remember there may be a third explanation.3 Ask your child to get a piece of string, some salt, a glass of water and an ice cube (冰块). Tell her to put the ice in the water, and then put one end of the string on the ice, leaving the other end over the side of the glass. Put a little salt on the ice. Wait a minute, and then pull the string; it should be attached to the ice. Ask the child: "What has happened?"4 Probably she won't know. Ask her whether fresh water or salt water freezes into ice first. If you live near the sea and have a cold winter, she should know fresh water freezes first as she will have seen that happen. Show her how to test the idea by half-filling two paper cups with water, adding salt to one. Then put them in the icebox and check every three minutes. Write the results in a table. The conclusion will be that salt changes the behaviour of water. Thinking about the string, we see the salt turned some of the ice into water. Then the salt went away into the water and the ice froze again leaving the string attached.5 Then you can ask, "Will water with salt boil at the same temperature as water without salt?" She can think, tell you her idea and you can test it in the kitchen. (take care because of the heat)

填空题Memory Test 1. "I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school,"promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren.He slapped his hand down on the table."When I've finished in two hours' time,your work will be far more effective and productive.Anyone not interested,leave now."The entire room sat still. 2. Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师).He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible,and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术)."I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off (一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack,that sort of thing,"he explains. 3. Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable."It wasn't difficult area to move inot,as the stuff's all there in books."So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4. "You want to learn a list of a hundred things?A thousand?No problem,"says Robinson.The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life.The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant."I wish I'd been told this earlier,"commented Mark,after Robinson had shown them how to construct"mental journeys". 5. Essentially,you visualize (想象) a walk down a street,or a trip round a room,and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost,the fruit bowl.Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs,historical dates,whatever-making them as strange as possible.It is that simple,and it works. 6. The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic."The pupils benefited enormously from lan's presentation,"says Dr Johnston,head of the school where Robinson was speaking."ldeally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually."A. Good resultsB. An ancient skillC. Gaining attentionD. Memory tricksE. A lecture on memory techniquesF. Ways to improve memory

填空题A do whatever they like for relaxation B where you can play all kinds of ball games C than the world famous Broadway D enjoy the colorful night life of the city E where the wealthy people would go shopping F for what seems to be a very small sum today