填空题Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis 1. When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子), which I hope will help others. 2. During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" (余悸) from the diagnosis, I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I"d had a biopsy (活检) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them, I said," What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant. 3. Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people "I was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying "I have cancer". On some deep level, I don"t want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this. 4. Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step. They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy (化疗). They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best as you can, but keep in mind that "I don"t know right now" or "I"m still in too much shock to think about that" are good answers. 5. Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don"t overwhelm (使不知所措) very young children with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word "cancer", so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.

填空题 A. industrially polluted soils B. rock and soil chemistry C. naturally polluted soils D. the pathways of metals into the food E. the element of iodine F. the persistence of heavy metals

填空题Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century (46) , which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue (47) Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers (48) . A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and (49) . Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined (50) Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.A. to play an important role in newspaper operationsB. was the growth of telegraph servicesC. and they usually enjoy great prestigeD. they are usually operated by a single ownerE. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costsF. owned by a single person or organization

填空题Memory Test 1．"I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school," promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren. He slapped his hand down on the table. "When I've finished in two hours' time, your work will be far more effective and productive. Anyone not interested, leave now." The entire room sat still. 2．Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师). He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible, and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术). "I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off (一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack, that sort of thing," he explains. 3．Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable. "It wasn't a difficult area to move into, as the stuff's all there in books. " So he summarized everything to make a two- hour lecture about five techniques. 4．"You want to learn a list of a hundred things? A thousand? No problem," says Robinson. The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life. The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant. "I wish I'd been told this earlier, " commented Mark, after Robinson had shown them how to construct "mental journeys". 5．Essentially, you visualize (想象) a walk down a street, or a trip round a room, and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember—the lamppost, the fruit bowl. Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list—phrasal verbs, historical dates, whatever—making them as strange as possible. It is that simple, and it works. 6．The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic. "The pupils benefited enormously from lan's presentation," says Dr Johnston, head of the school where Robinson was speaking. "Ideally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually. /

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}} Information{{/B}} Information-processed by human brainwork into knowledge and integrated and intuited into wisdom-has quite suddenly become the world's most important resources. As far as what will happen in the future as we can see, information will be playing the leading role in world history that physical labor, stone, bronze, land, minerals, metals, and energy once played. {{U}} (46) {{/U}}. We must burn into our consciousness how very different sort of informastion comes from all of its predecessors as civilization's dominant resources. Information expends as it is used. Information is less hungry for other resources. The higher the tech, the less energy and raw materials are needed{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. Information is readily transportable. Information is shared, not exchanged; it gives rise to sharing transactions (交易, 处理) ,not to exchange transactions. {{U}} (48) {{/U}}:Why, in our communities and our world, nobody can possibly be in general charge. Why more and more diversity had better be the law of life on this Planet. Why people have to find ways to be different together, in Bosnia and Rwanda and Cambodia and the Middle East, but also in New York and California and Minesota{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. Why, since information can't really be owned, the phrase "intellectual property" is an oxymoron (予盾修饰法). Why the new fairness revolutions, claims by ever-smarter disadvantage majorities around the world, cannot much longer be denied or ignored. Why, more and more, the followers so often get to the policy answers before their leaders catch on. We're living at a very special moment in humankind's long ascent toward civilized behavior {{U}}(50) {{/U}}, sparked by information science and information technology, which have now made the human species, for the first time, the lead actor in its own evolution.A These simple, pregnant propositions provide new answers to some of the biggest "why" questions of the exciting times just ahead of usB It is the consequence of the enormous advantages of science and technologyC Why we will have to change our ways of thinking about work, and possibly even chop away the linkage between working and making a livingD Information can, and increasingly does, replace land, labor, and capitalE To manage future complexities, we certainly can't keep using the concepts that served us so well in the industrial eraF Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities

填空题The Mir Space Station The Russian 'Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. During Mir's lifetime, Russia spent about USS 4.2 billion to build and maintain the station. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whorh were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mir's contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carded scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $ 80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir's reputation as a space station was mined. Mir's setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long4erm human habitation in space was possible. But it's time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.

填空题Infrared radiation can produce heat ______.

填空题Conservation or Wasted Effort? The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world’s rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. (46) Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. (47) The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a “reserve”, for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with the robin’s food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. Is all this concern a waste of human effort? (48) Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth’s long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. (49) This is nature’s proven method of operation. The rule of selection—“the survival of the fittest”—is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most, (50) You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it. A. Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比……长久)man, for they seem even more adaptable. B. Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. C. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. D. Both represent orders in the classification of life. E. Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? F. These are the only black robins left in the world.

填空题 Success Stories One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968. (46) Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success. The first principle is Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality. (47) He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent. The System Link is another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes. (48) . The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands. (49) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them. A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benentton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window displays, and the same approach to sales. (50) . The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.A. The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.B. There used to be a good reason for this.C. When something is sold at a Benetton store, the store records information about the type, size, and color of the item.D. Today, there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.E. This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.F. In other words, Benetton's clothes are made to order.

填空题Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities. (46) She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. (47) She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. (48) Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity. The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument—the cello. (49) The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. (50) She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better. A. Both involve different senses. B. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家) at Northwestern University in Illinois. C. Some disabled children attended the musical training Class. D. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. E. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. F. The brain stem controls our ability to hear.

填空题A．Goals B．History of Women's Rights Movement C．Start of Women's Rights Movement D．Traditional Status of Women E．Rights of Women F．Development

填空题 Mt. Desert Island The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川) descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountain sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖) . The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2, 500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (温带) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. B. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier. C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselves. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age. E. This mountain rises 1, 532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.

填空题 下面的对文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Science Fiction 1. Among the most popular books being written today are those that are usually classified(分类) as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 2. It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors (先驱)can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some forms of ideal society, a theme that is still often found in modern stories. 3. Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages. 4. Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars(火星) or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind ; or in imagining future worlds that are a reflection of the world that we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones (涵义). 5. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过)science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology. A. Fairly New Development B. Classics of Science Fiction C. Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific Advances D. Origins of Science Fiction E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction

填空题Science and Technology There is a difference between science and technology. 1 . Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. 2 Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people"s likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. 3 . But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. 4 The purpose of technology is to serve people—people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. 5 Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general—so much so that the promise of technology is "obscured". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? A. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. C. What scientists discover may shock or anger people—as did Darwin"s theory of evolution. D. Science and technology are different. E. We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. F. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.

填空题 下面的对文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}}Geology (地质) and Health{{/B}} 1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine(碘), zinc(锌)and selenium(硒). For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. 2. The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached (过滤出) from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people. 3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich, soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil. 4. Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. 5. In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria. 6. There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution. A. No Evidence to Indicate Bad Effects of Naturally Contaminated Soil B. Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils C. Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain D. Geology and Health Problems E. Rocks-the Ultimate Source of soil Pollution F. Long-term Health Effects on Children

填空题Virtual Driver Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination (协调) between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. 1 Apparently there isn"t anyone in the driver"s cab (驾驶室), but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot (行李箱), you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer. 2 The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system. In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver"s best advantage is that it reacts quickly. 3 However, it takes the world"s best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn"t include the time he needs to take action. With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it drive at any time and in any place? 4 With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways. The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. 5 . This being the case, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like. A. Experts say that we cannot do that just yet. B. In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation. C. This is the brain of the car. D. But how does an intelligent car control itself? E. It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds. F. However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.

填空题Every Dog Has His Say Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. 1 When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget(装置). The following "human" translation appears on its screen; "Please take me with you." "I realized that"s how he was feeling." says Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world"s first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. 2 "Nobody else had thought about it." said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. 3 The translation is done in the gadget using a database containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behavior research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. 4 In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda"s house recently, the dog harked a loud "wow wow". 5 It was followed by" I"m stronger than you" as the dog growled and sniffed(嗅) at the visitor. The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US $120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog"s emotions when the owner is away. A. A wireless microphone is attached to the dog"s collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. This translated as "Don"t come this way". D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "let"s play", "Look at me", or "Spend more time with me".

填空题Keeping Cut Flowers 1. While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2. An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3. Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4. Then how to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse(相反的过程) is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5. Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.A. Control of RespirationB. Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC. Role of RespirationD. Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE. Need for Clean WaterF. Ways of Stopping Respiration

填空题What We Take from and Give to the Sea As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it. We take fishes from the ocean millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (46) . We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (47) . Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (48) . Seaweed becomes food of many kinds--even candy, and ice cream as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. (49) . But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. (50) . Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as, the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.A. Natural sponges become cleaning aids.B. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.C. The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.D. Along with salt, other minerals were left after evaporation.E. We even use their bones for fertilizer.F. Some of its contents may cause illness.

填空题Public Relations Public relation is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, 1 Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences. 2 this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity may be in the form of news releases 3 Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, 4 ; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even down-right ill-advised. The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, 5 Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions. A. that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department B. not all publicity is initiated by the firm C. usually in the form of press releases or press conferences D. such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising E. what it means to the company is public relation F. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image