填空题Sleeping Giant Right now, an eruption is brewing in Yellowstone National Park. Sometime during the next two hours, the park's most famous geyser, Old Faithful, will begin gurgling boiling water and steam. (46) Old Faithful is not only a spectacular sight; it's also a constant reminder that Yellowstone sits on one of the largest volcanoes in the world. If you've never heard of Yellowstone's volcano, you're not alone. (47) Yet it has erupted three times during the last 2 million years. And one of those eruptions spewed enough volcanic ash and other debris to blanket half the United States. Yellowstone's volcano is sometimes called a "supervolcano", or extremely large and explosive caldera volcano. (48) This supervolcano formed over a hot spot, an extremely hot area in Earth's mantle. John Valley, a volcano professor, said that as the crust moves across a hot spot, the hot spot melts a section of the plate moving over it, forming "one volcano after another". The Yellowstone hot spot melts thick continental crust, which may cause catastrophic eruptions. According to experts the eruptions that created each of the three calderas in and around Yellowstone National Park were larger than any other volcanic eruption in recorded history. The most recent eruption, which happened 640, 000 years ago, produced at least 1,000 cubic kilometers of ash and debris, which blanketed most of the western half of the United States. (49) Geological evidence shows Yellowstone has blown its stack every 700,000 years or so. "If nature were truly that regular and reliable, we would be due for another eruption soon," said Valley. "However, these processes are subject to variability, so we don't really know when the next eruption will happen." (50) It is the volcanic energy that powers the geysers and hot springs, creates the mountains and canyons, and generates the unique ecosystems that support Yellowstone's diverse wildlife. A. Three calderas make up more than a third of Yellowstone National Park. B. The first Yellowstone eruption, 2 million years ago, released more than double that amount of ash and debris. C. The volcano is so inconspicuous (不显眼的) that few people know it exists. D. Then, an enormous fountain will shoot high into the air. E. While the active geological processes at Yellowstone do pose some risk to the public, they also make it a unique treasure. F. Yellowstone National Park attracts the interest of geologists the world over.

填空题Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appealsto a person. ______ They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.A. Emotions, however, may be weak or strong.B. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.C. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world.D. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.E. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly.F. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfie

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.2. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.3. The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some tort of shelter. By the end of World War U these wants were satisfied for a great majority of American. Then a third level appeared. It in eluded such items as automobiles and new houses.4. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achivement and happiness.5. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers' spending goes to services, which on the first three levels more is spent on goods.6. A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by comunity action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

填空题 下面的段位后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Chinese Dialects (方言) The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German. There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it. As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted. At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects' prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols. There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated, 12,000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper. A. Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects B. Difficulties in Learning Chinese C. Features of Chinese Dialects D. Differences in Chinese Dialects E. Dialects as Heart of the Problem F. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem

填空题It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next _____.

填空题 Teach Your Child Science1 It is important to make your child interested in science from an early age. Most young children ask a lot of questions and you should give careful scientific answers. Don't only give facts, but try to give explanations as well.2 Science is not just knowledge; it is a way of thinking, a method of finding out about the world. We see something. We try to explain it, and we test our idea by setting up an experiment. One day you come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over. You think it might be the wind from the open window or the cat, so you close the window, but leave the cat in and see what happens (you can also try leaving the window open and shutting the cat out). Of course, you remember there may be a third explanation.3 Ask your child to get a piece of string, some salt, a glass of water and an ice cube (冰块). Tell her to put the ice in the water, and then put one end of the string on the ice, leaving the other end over the side of the glass. Put a little salt on the ice. Wait a minute, and then pull the string; it should be attached to the ice. Ask the child: "What has happened?"4 Probably she won't know. Ask her whether fresh water or salt water freezes into ice first. If you live near the sea and have a cold winter, she should know fresh water freezes first as she will have seen that happen. Show her how to test the idea by half-filling two paper cups with water, adding salt to one. Then put them in the icebox and check every three minutes. Write the results in a table. The conclusion will be that salt changes the behaviour of water. Thinking about the string, we see the salt turned some of the ice into water. Then the salt went away into the water and the ice froze again leaving the string attached.5 Then you can ask, "Will water with salt boil at the same temperature as water without salt?" She can think, tell you her idea and you can test it in the kitchen. (take care because of the heat)

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel{{/B}} Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in all, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests for space travel purposes.{{U}} (1) {{/U}} Those women were carefully selected from among many applicants.{{U}} (2) {{/U}}They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other's company at close quarters for the entire period. Among others things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}During that time they suffered backaches and other discomforts.{{U}} (4) {{/U}} Resuks of the tests suggest that wmen will have significant advantage over men in space.{{U}} (5) {{/U}}Men's advantages in terms of strength and stamina, meanwhile, are virtually wiped: out by the zero gravity condition in space. A. At the end of ten years, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed. B. They were volunteers and were paid barely above the minimum wage. C. These tests were conducted to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those abroad the space shuttle. D. They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. E. Some of them were over 65. F. When they were finally allowed up, the more physical active women were specially stibject to pains due to a slight calcium (钙) loss.

填空题Agitated Sunspot Cause Trouble If the lights in your house keen flickering, blame frequent sunspots. A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed 6f 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms. (1) . The earth, which is directly energized by the sun, is influenced by sun storms in a number of ways. (2) Wireless short-wave communication, which depends on the wave's reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too. (3) According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people, a paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease. (4) Besides, the nervous system is also affected, and traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active. It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world. (5) A. Ionosphere is high above the earth. B. One is that the magnetic filed of the earth is much disturbed because of the sun's interference in the ionosphere which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth. C. Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakes. D. Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles, which affect the earth in different ways. E. But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours. F. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich.in ultraviolet rays.

填空题1. The Great Wall of China Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall-conscious; from the Neolithic period(新石器时代)-when ramparts (防御土墙) of pounded earth were used-to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. (46) The name for "city" in Chinese (ch' eng) means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. (47) However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. (48) Especially three of these states : the Ch' in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modem provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch' in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall. (49) Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison (驻军)troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. (50) Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defense institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall.A. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze (迷宫).B. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country's trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia-the formation of the Silk Route.C. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity (谬论).D. The construction of the Great Wall is responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various places.E. It was during the fourth and third centuryB.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads (游牧民).F. The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important on

填空题Memory Test 1. "I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school," promised lecturer Ian Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren. He slapped his hand down on the table. "When I"ve finished in two hours" time, your work will be far more effective and productive. Anyone not interested, leave now." The entire room sat still. 2. Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician(魔术师). He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible, and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery(骗术). "I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off(一口气说出) the order of cards in a pack, that sort of thing," he explains. 3. Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable. "It wasn"t a difficult area to move into, as the stuffs all there in books." So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4. "You want to learn a list of a hundred things? A thousand? No problem," says Robinson. The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life. The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant. "I wish I"d been told this earlier," commented Mark, after Robinson had shown them how to construct "mental journeys". 5. Essentially, you visualize(想象) a walk down a street, or a trip round a room, and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost, the fruit bowl. Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs, historical dates, whatever-making them as strange as possible. It is that simple, and it works. 6. The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic. "The pupils benefited enormously from Ian"s presentation," says Dr. Johnston, head of the school where Robinson was speaking, "Ideally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually. "

填空题Ruining the Ruins Acid rain (酸雨)is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams. Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks. And buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly. (46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year. But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance. (47) . Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years. (48) The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. (49) . Mexico's current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. (50) However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction. A. At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off () and the stone is being eaten away. B. That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C. These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely. D. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. E. The problem, however, is not just a European one. F. However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.

填空题Publicity Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, (46) . Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences. (47) , this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity may be in the form of news releases (48) . Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, (49) ; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised. The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, (50) . Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A. that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations departmentB. not all publicity is initiated by the firmC. usually in the form of press releases or press conferenceD. such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertisingE. what it means to the company isF. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image

填空题A The prediction of the model B The influence on temperature C The effect of carbon dioxide D The import of the assumption E The import of the assumption F The serious consequences

填空题Black Holes What is a black hole? Well, it"s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape—not even light, so we can"t see a black hole. A black hole exerts (施加) a strong gravitational (重力的) pull and yet it has no matter. Since the black hole is only space, we think. How can this happen? The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they "collapse" and sometimes a supernova (超新星) occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a "White Dwarf (白矮星)" of a "neutron star" —a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Our space and time laws don"t seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein"s relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer—they are relative. Einstein"s theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary (由两部分组成的) star systems. In some binary star systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun—yet we can"t see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.

填空题 A．late 18th century B．equal education and employment with men C．weaker and lower in social position D．early 20th century E．her children F．the rights of voting

填空题As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. ______ I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.A. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.B. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.C. A revelation came last week when I asked her, "Don't you want to win again?" "No," she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade."D. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly "guided" by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.E. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.F. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.

填空题 The IPad 1. The iPad is a tablet computer (平板电脑) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2. The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. 3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display-a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (触控笔). The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (浏览) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized (同步) by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable. 4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services, ipand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. 5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world-and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too-from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles had given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.2. Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and pollution ways of transporting people and goods?3. In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is nest to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.4. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of he external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.5. Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.6. A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities. With small "low emission" cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable-and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.

填空题Vision Human vision like that of other primates(灵长类) has evolved in an arboreal(丛林) environment. (46) In the course of evolution, members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the nose has shrunk. (47) Of mammals(哺乳动物) only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. (48) Horses live in a single-color world. Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum(光谱). Ultraviolet rays(紫外线) are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. (49) The world would look terribly different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation(红外线). Then instead of the darkness of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world. (50) The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by complicated technical devices.A. Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays.B. In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell.C. That gives the eye a wilder view.D. The red flag is black to the bull.E. There are different mammals in tropical forest.F. In this world, objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity.

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Geology and Health{{/B}}1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realised within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.2. The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich dust topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.4. Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.5. In contrast naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.6. There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.