填空题Some Unusual Celebrations Some holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Year's Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine's Day. Each country has its own special holidays, too, often to mark important events in Its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. ______(46) A few of them are really very strange. Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool's Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries--France, England, and Australia among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. ______(47) The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you? Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part: They do it to girls they like. Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200, 000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. ______(48) For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe. August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition, People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. ______(49) There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. ______(50) Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.A. Some of the days people celebrate, however are less serious.B. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.C. Some people have fun imagining new holidays.D. They bring him back to town put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.E. Then begins the world's biggest food fight.F. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.

填空题A we can teach them reading or arithmetic B a set of developed skills C schoolwork and intelligence tests D according to ability at an early age E a fixed entity F the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship

填空题Friendly Relations with the People Around You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them, and a person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf. The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them. Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don"t know them. When the game is over, you will go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win. An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companionships become friends when these ties are formed. When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.

填空题The History of the Fridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator." 2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... 4 What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. 5 Consequently, most of the world"s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridge"s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don"t believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet (橱柜) and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you"ll get rid of that terrible hum.1. Paragraph 2 ______ A. The Invention of the Fridge B. The Pollution Caused by Fridges C. The Widespread Need for Fridges D. The Days Without the Fridge E. The Waste of Energy Caused by Fridges F. The Fridge"s Contribution to Commerce D[解析] 第二段主要讲的是在20世纪50年代没有冰箱时作者的童年生涯，那时虽然没有冰箱，但零售商、肉贩、面包师、送冰人等都会送货上门，一周会去两三次，所以人们既能吃上新鲜的食物，也不会浪费。 2. Paragraph 4 ______ F[解析] 第四段主要讲的是冰箱促进了市场营销，即冰箱对商业的贡献。 3. Paragraph 5 ______ E[解析] 第五段第一句表明，世界上大多数冰箱并不在有其用武之地的热带，而是在几乎不需要它的温带；第五段第二句又表明，冰箱不仅带来了噪音污染，而且没有多大用处。综合起来，这两句同时表明冰箱是对能源的一种浪费。 4. Paragraph 6 ______ B[解析] 第六段最后一句提到冰箱会发出“hum”(嗡嗡声)，这是一种噪音污染。本段主要讲的就是冰箱所带来的噪音污染。 5. Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because ______. A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities C. a new, economical way to preserve food D. most kids like iced soft drinks E. something every housewife needs F. produced by the fridge when it is working A[解析] 第二段表明，在没有冰箱的年月中，牛奶、肉类、蔬菜等都有专门的商贩派送，所以人们依然能得到新鲜的食物。 6. The invention of the fridge has not provided ______. C[解析] 第三段第一句提到，冰箱的发明对食物保鲜的贡献比较小，它保存食物的方法并不新颖、经济，故选C。 7. An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that ______. B[解析] 由第四段可知，冰箱对市场营销有促进作用，也就是说，冰箱促进了各种商品的销售。 8. If you stop using the fridge, at least you won"t be troubled by the noise ______. F[解析] 第六段最后一句提到，关掉冰箱后，它工作时发出的嗡嗡的噪音也就消失了，故选F。

填空题Hurricane 1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral(螺旋) around a relative calm center know as the "eye". The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds, and storm surges(风暴潮). The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding. 2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gull" of Mexico, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line are called typhoons. Near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones (龙卷风). 3. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland (内陆的) flooding, and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses, and public buildings may be damaged or destroyed; roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harbour if they do not receive adequate warning. 4. If a hurricane is coming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks it"s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is a lull (暂停); it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.

填空题 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves, infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦). Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.

填空题How Did She Conquer the Americans? African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world"s most powerful celebrity, according to Forbes magazine. 1 Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show reaches 112 countries. She earned US $225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches. The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. 2 "After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits," the magazine said. Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style. Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up and down, shouting "I"m in love." Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce. 3 Winfrey"s approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empowerment(自强). This has proved to be just what people, especially women, want. Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. For example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight. Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954. 4 At the age of 19, she became the youngest person and the first African American woman to anchor(主持) a news programme. Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women"s TV network and websites for women. Winfrey"s work has extended to social change. 5 She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed "Oprah Bill" into law. A. But it also looks at the celebrity"s presence on the Internet and in the media. B. In 1991, she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act. C. She was not a very successful woman. D. She began broadcasting while still at high school. E. It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week. F. The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.

填空题Don't Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (46) . Adding iron to patched of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. (47) . Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyze how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometers of ocean were seeded with iron for a month. (48) . In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilizing the ocean removes 1 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere just 0.2 percent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month. Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. (49) says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "But the take-home message is the same. (50) "A. Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.B. Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.C. As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.D. They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.E. "These are newer and better models,"F. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warmin

填空题People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's (坏人) or the hero's role. In fact, the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning" mask. "Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks ______.A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.B. Like the human lace, human personality is very complex.C. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the" bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav

填空题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 The first anybody knew about Dutchman Frank Siegmund and his family was when workmen tramping through a field found a narrow steel chimney protruding through the grass. Closer inspection revealed a chink of sky-light window among the thistles, and when amazed investigators moved down the side of the hill they came across a pine door complete with leaded diamond glass and a brass knocker set into an underground building. The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town of Breda, in Holland. They are the latest in a clutch of individualistic homemakers who have burrowed underground in search of tranquility.2. Most, failing foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes and return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterranean suburbia, Dutchstyle, is about to become respectable and chic. Seven luxury homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noise embankment next to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the market for $ 296,500 each. The foundations had yet to be dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged houses, whose back wall consists of a grassy mound and whose front is a long glass gallery.3. The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls. It is already proving a way of life in extreme climates; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan, where 90 percent of the population is squeezed into 20 percent of the landspace.4. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avid disfiguring r threatening a beautiful or 'environ-mentally sensitive' landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land--such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries— have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.5. There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A developrrient of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved. Under several metres of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. 'We get 40 to 50 enquiries a week, ' says Peter Carpenter, secretary of the British Earth Sheltering Association, which builds similar homes in Britain. ' people see this as a way of building for the future. ' An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill, thanks to solar panels and natural insulation.6. In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised relief by South Limburg planners because of Holland's chronic shortage of land. It was the Tilburg architect Jo Hurkmans who hit on the idea of making use of noise embankments on main roads. His two-floored, four-bedroomed, two-bathroomed detached homes are now taking shape. 'They are not so much below the earth as in it, ' he says. 'All the light will come through the glass front, which runs from the second floor ceiling to the ground. Areas which do not need much natural lighting are at the back. The living accommodation is to the front so nobody notices that the back is dark.'

填空题Adult Education 1. Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. 3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. 4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

填空题A A Fairly New Development B Classics of Science Fiction C Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific Advances D Origins of Science Fiction E Themes of Modern Science Fiction F Successful Films

填空题The Supercomputer Network1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it Is the beginning of a development that will Increase the power of the Internet tremendously.2 The Internet Is an Interconnected (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.3 The new development in information technology has been called "the grid" (网格技术), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.5 The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.6 At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored While It has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.

填空题 Black Holes 1. Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses. 2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星质量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough ( should be bigger than the sun ) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that's ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole that's only a fraction of an inch! 3. Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It's possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits (轨道) do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state. 4. So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies (银河系), space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.

填空题In some religions, women were considered ______

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 The U. S. government has been covering up evidence of extraterrestrial visits for more than 50 years, an array of 20 retired Air Force, Federal Aviation Administration and intelligence officers said recently. They demanded Congress hold hearings on what they say is longstanding secret U.S. involvement with UFOs and extraterrestrials. {{U}} (46) {{/U}}John Callahan, a former FAA division chief of accidents and investigations, said he was directed by CIA officers to cover up a Nov. 18, 1986, incident involving a UFO and a Japanese airliner near Anchorage, Alaska. Michael Smith, a former U.S. Air Force air traffic controller stationed near Klamath Falls, Ore., in the 1960s and early 1970s, reported seeing a UFO hovering at 80,000 feet one night. "I was told you keep it to yourself," he said. "NORAD(North American Aerospace Defense Command) called me one night to say there's a UFO coming up the California coastline. I asked them what to do.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}" Donna Hare, a NASA design illustrator with secret clearance, said UFOs were routinely airbrushed out of high altitude photos of the Earth before being released to the public. {{U}} (48) {{/U}}Apollo astronauts, she said, had spotted UFOs, but they "are told to keep this quiet and not to talk about it, "she said. Karl Wolf, an Air Force sergeant who was assigned to the National Security Agency, said that mysterious structures were discovered on the far side of the moon when the United States was mapping its surface before the 1969 lunar landing.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. {{U}} (50) {{/U}}Despite the government's refusal to discuss the issue, several witnesses have also told of being stationed at military bases or near silos containing nuclear missiles when a UFO swung by. Afterward, military officers would discover the missiles had been temporarily deactivated. A. They said nothing, not to write it down. B. The 20 witnesses, it is said, were a fraction of the 400 people who are willing to testify. C. The Pentagon does not comment on UFOs, expect to say they do not exist and that such objects really are high altitude balloons or military aircraft. D. "We always airbrush them out before we release them to the public," one technician told her. E. These have been retrieved from a purported crash in July 1947. F. These photos too were culled out of the public record.

填空题A. extinctB. bizarreC. interestingD. inactiveE. greedyF. reproduce

填空题Many iocal newspapers in Britain are making ______.

填空题A Thirsty World The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth"s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%—the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. 1 Even worse, some of it has been polluted. At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our need for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now, can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. One of the useful steps we can take is to stop unlimited use of water. 2 In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one more useful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. 3 Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. 4 There it can be filtered (过滤) and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring. 5 Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All we"d have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is to remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world. So if we take all these steps, we"ll be in no danger of drying up! A. A limited water supply, however, would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. B. But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a purifying plant. C. It is possible to purify large amounts of sea water. D. But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. E. And we cannot even use all of that because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. F. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale.

填空题US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions. 2. The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly, including the United States, last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4. The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5. The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far, 109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.